1. Let and be sets. What does it mean if we say that is an element of ?

A. is an element of and is also an element of .

This is what it means for to lie in .
B. is an element of , or is an element of , or both.
C. is an element of .
It is true that if lies in
, then also lies in ; but it is possible to lie in without lying in .
D. is equal to , and is an element of both.
One does not need the two sets and to be equal in order to form the union .
E. is equal to some element a of plus some other element of : .
This is what it means for to lie in .
F. is an element of .
It is true that if lies in , then also lies in ; but it is possible to lie in without lying in .
G. is an element of , or is an element of , but not both.
If lies in both and then it still qualifies to lie in .

2. Let and be sets. What does it mean if we say that is NOT an element of ?
A. does not belong to both and at the same time.
This is what it means for to not be an element of .
B. There is some element of which is not equal to , and there is some element of which is not equal to .
C. is not an element of , and is not an element of .
D. Either is not an element of , or is not an element of .
This is what it means for to not be an element of .
E. and are the same sets, and is not an element of either.
F. There is some element of either or which is not equal to .

3. Let and be sets. What does it mean if we say that is an element of ?

A. is equal to , and is an element of both.
One does not need the two sets and to be equal in order to form the intersection .
B. is an element of .
C. is an element of and is also an element of .
D. is an element of , or is an element of , or both.
This is what it means for to lie in .
E. is an element of , or is an element of , but not both.
This is what it means for to lie in .
F. is an element of .
G. is equal to some element a of plus some other element of : .
This is what it means for to lie in .

4. Let and be sets. What does it mean if we say that is NOT an element of ?
A. belongs to neither nor .
This is what it means for to not be an element of .
B. Every element of and every element of is different from .
This is what it means for to not be an element of .
C. is not an element of , and is not an element of .
This does not cover the possibility that is an element of exactly one of or
D. cannot belong to both and B; it may belong to , or to , or to neither, but not both.
E. belongs to exactly one of and .
This does not cover the possibility that belongs to neither nor .
F. There is some element of which is not equal to , and there is some element of which is not equal to .
G. and are the same sets, and is not an element of either.

5. Let and be sets. What does it mean if we say that is a subset of B?

A. Every element in is also an element of .
This is what it means for to be a subset of .
B. Some element in is also an element of .
This is what it means for and to have a non-empty intersection.
C. Every element of is equal to some element of .
This is what it means for to be a subset of .
D. is an element of .
We want the elements of to be elements of B; we don't what itself to be an element of .
E. Every element in is also an element of .
F. Every element in is contained in some element of .
We want the elements in to be equal to elements in , not _contained_ in them.
G. Every element in is equal to every element in .

6. Let and be sets. What does it mean if we say that is not a subset of B?
A. Every element of does not lie in .
 It is possible for and to still have common elements without being a subset of .
B. is equal to .
C. and are disjoint.
It is possible for and to partially intersect without being subsets of each other.
D. is not an element of .
E. is a subset of .
It is possible for and to not be subsets of each other.
F. There is an element of which does not lie in .
G. There is an element of which does not lie in .
This is what it means for to not be a subset of .

7. Let and be sets. What does it mean if we say that is equal to ?

A. is not strictly contained in , and is not strictly contained in .
It is possible for and to be unequal, and to not be strictly contained in each other.
B. Some element in is equal to some element of .
This only shows that and have some non-empty intersection.
C. Every element in is also an element of , and every element in is also an element of .
D. Every element in is equal to every element in .
This only shows that is a subset of .
E. Every element in is equal to every element in .
This can only be true if and have at most one element.
F. is not contained in , and is not contained in .
If and are equal, then they are automatically contained in each other.
G. Every element in is equal to some element of .
This only shows that is a subset of .

8. Let and be sets. What does it mean if we say that and are disjoint?
A. There is an element of which is not in , and there is an element of which is not in .
B. The union of and is empty.
C. There exists an element of and an element of such that is not equal to .
D. There does not exist any element which belongs to both and .
E. is not equal to .
F. is not a subset of , and is not a subset of .

9. Let and be sets. What does it mean if we say that and are not disjoint?
A. The union of and is non-empty.
B. is equal to .
C. Every element of is equal to every element of .
D. Either is a subset of , or is a subset of .
E. Every element of is equal to some element of , and vice versa.
F. There exists an element which belongs to both and .
G. is a subset of , and is a subset of .

10. Let and be sets. What does it mean if we say that is not equal to ?
A. There is some in and some such that is not equal to .
B. Either is a subset of , or is a subset of .
C. For every in and every , is not equal to .
D. Either there is some element of which is not in , or there is some element in which is not in , or both.
E. Either is a proper subset of , or is a proper subset of .
F. For every in there is some such that is not equal to .
G. There is some element of which is not in , and there is some element in which is not in .

11. Let be the set . What does it mean if we say that is an element of ? (It turns out that is in fact the half-open interval
(why?). But you did not need to know that to work out this problem.)
A. is equal to for every .
B. is equal to for some .
C. is between and .
D. is an element of .
E. is between and .
F. is between and .

12. Let be the set . What does it mean if we say that is not an element of ?
A. is not between and .
B. There exists such that is not equal to .
C. For every , is not equal to .
D. is not an element of .
E. is not between and .
F. is not between and .