REPORTED SPEECH

Quy tắc chuyển từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp

● Nguyên tắc lùi thì
Simple present → simple past
Present progressive → past progressive
Present perfect → past perfect
Simple past → past perfect
Past progressive → past perfect progressive
Simple future → would + V
Can/may/must → could /might/had to
● Các chuyển đổi khác:
+ Đại từ nhân xưng
I → he/she We → they You → I/ we
(tân ngữ và tính từ sở hữu chuyển theo nhân xưng chủ ngữ)
+ Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn
Here → there
This → that
These → those
+ Trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian
now then tomorrow the next day/the following
day
today/tonight that day/that night next week the next week/the following
week
yesterday the day before/the previous here there
day
ago before this that
last week the week before/the these those
previous week
 ● Các trường hợp không đổi thời
+ Sự thật, sự việc luôn luôn đúng
“The earth moves round the sun.” he said.
→ He said that the earth moves round the sun.
+ Câu điều kiện loại II và III
“If I were you, I would leave here.” he said.
→ He said that if he were me, he would leave there.
+ Wish + past simple/ past perfect:
“I wish I lived in Da Nang”, he said.
→ He said he wished he lived in Da Nang.
+ Cấu trúc “it’s time somebody did something”:
“It’s time he woke up”, she said.
→ She said it was time he woke up.
+ Would/ should/ ought to/ had better/ used to không chuyển:
“ You’d better work hard” he said
→ He said that I had better work hard.

● Các cách chuyển đổi cơ bản

+ Câu tường thuật mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu, nhờ vả, …….
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
“Don’t meet him again.” She asked/told me not to meet him again.
(yêu cầu ai làm gì/không làm gì)
“I won’t meet him.” She refused to meet him.
(Từ chối làm gì)
“I didn’t meet him.” She denied meeting him.
(Phủ nhận làm gì)
“I met him.” She admitted meeting him.
(thừa nhận làm gì)
“If I were you, I would meet him.” She advised me (not) to meet him.
(khuyên ai làm gì/không làm gì)
“I will give him this book.”
“Why don’t we meet him?”
“Why don’t you meet him?”
“I’m sorry I met him.”
“Thank you for helping me”
“Let me ask him.”
“Don’t forget to ask him about the plan.” She reminded me to ask him about the plan.
‘Would you like to go out with me?”
“All right, I’ll help you.” he said.
“I’ll sell the TV set if you keep on
watching it all day”, said the father
“You stole the jewels” said the inspector
“Certainly, I’ll buy that car for you”,
said he.
She promised to give him that book.
(hứa sẽ làm gì)
She suggested meeting him.
(đề xuất làm gì)
She suggested that I (should) meet him.
(đề xuất ai đó nên làm gì)
She apologized (to sb) for meeting him.
(xin lỗi vì làm gì/điều gì)
She thanked me for helping her.
(cảm ơn vì làm gì/điều gì)
She offered to ask him.
(đề nghị để được làm gì)
(nhắc nhở ai để làm gì)
He invited me to go out with him.
(mời ai để làm gì0
He agreed to help me.
(đồng ý làm gì)
The father threatened to sell the TV set if he
kept on watching it all day.
(doạ làm gì)
The inspector accused her of stealing the
jewels.
(Buộc tội ai làm gì)
He insisted on buying me that car.
(khăng khăng làm gì)
 + Câu tường thuật thường, câu kể
“I’ve finished all my homework”, he said to me.
→ He told me that he had finished all his homework.
“I’m going to Hanoi tomorrow”, he said.
→ He said that he was going to Hanoi the next day.

+ Câu hỏi/nghi vấn dạng tường thuật

- Yes-no questions
asked/wanted to know if/whether + clause (S + V lùi thì) (hỏi liệu rằng …)
“Are you absent from your classes today?” he asked.
→ He asked/wanted to know if I was absent from my classes that day.

- Wh-questions
asked/wanted to know + question word + clause (S + V lùi thì).
“Where do you often meet your friends?” she said.
→ She asked where I often met my friends.
Lưu ý:
Chỉ có duy nhất 2 thì Hiện tại đơn và quá khứ đơn sẽ lùi thì luôn động từ chính mà
không bao gồm (do, does, did)
PRACTICE
1. The pupils said to their teacher “Please give us better marks”
The pupils asked the teacher to give them better marks
2. “Don’t come back before one o’clock” advised my brother
My brother advised me not to come back at before one o’clock
3. “Cook it in butter” Mrs. Brown said to her daughter
Mrs. Brown told her daughter to cook it in butter
4. “Don’t forget to send your parents my regards” She said to me
She reminded me to send my parents her regards.
5. John said “I have finished studying my lesson”
John said that he had finished studying his lesson
6. Johnny said to his mother: “I don’t know how to do this exercise”
Johnny said to his mother that he didn't know how to do that exercise
7. Mary said “I can not go to the movies with you, John”
Mary said to John that she couldn't go to the movies with him.
8. “We are waiting for the school bus” said the children
The children said that they were waiting for the school bus
9. My friend said “Are you going to leave tomorrow?”
My friend asked if/whether I was going to leave the next day.
10. “Did you phone me yesterday?” Tom asked Mary
Tom asked Mary if she had phoned him the day before.
11. I asked the policeman “Do you know how far it is to the station?”
I asked the policeman how far it was to the station.
I asked the policeman if he knew how far it was to the station.
12. I asked Bill “What time did you go to bed last night?”
I asked Bill what time he had gone to bed the night before.
13. The traveller asked “How long does it take to get to London?”
The traveller asked how long it took to get to London
14. He asked me “Why didn’t you come to class yesterday?”
He asked me why I hadn’t come to class the day before
15. The teacher asked “Which book are you taking, John?
The teacher asked john which book he was taking
16. “Can I have a new bicycle?” said Ann to her mother
Ann asked her mother if she could have a new bicycle
17. “Where has he been?” She doesn’t know that
She doesn’t know where he has been
18. “I’m sorry that I broke the glass”, said Peter
Peter apologized for breaking the glass.
19. The doctor told him that he worked too hard
“You work too hard” said the doctor to him
20. “Keep away from the sea”, said the security guard, when we approached the fence
The security guard told us to keep away from the sea when we approached the fence
21. She wanted to know if he had studied French
She asked him, “Have you studied French?”
She asked him, “Did you study French?”
22. “Bring your swimming things in case it’s sunny”
He told me to bring my swimming things in case it was sunny
23. “You should take science appreciation courses at school”
The lady-researcher advised us to take science appreciation courses at school
24. “How many students are there in your class?”
The man asked me how many students there were in my class.
25. “You should take more exercise, Mr Rogers”, the doctor said, “if you want to lose
weight”
The doctor advised Mr Rogers to take more exercise if he wanted to lose weight
26. She asked John how he liked her new dress
“How did you like my new dress” she asked John
27. “How long has it been since you left this city, Bob?”
He wanted to know how long it had been since Bob left this city
28. “Why didn’t I get a computer before?”, thought the officer manager
The officer manager wondered why he hadn’t got a computer before
29. “Please don’t drive so fast” Ann begged her boyfriend
Ann begged her boyfriend not to drive so fast
Ann begged her boyfriend to drive more slowly.
30. “John, please don’t tell anyone my new address”, said Mary
Mary asked John not to tell anyone about her new address.
31. “Where is the station car-park?” Mrs. Smith asked
Mrs. Smith asked me where the station car-park was.
32. “How old is your little boy?” said the nurse to Mrs. Bingley
The nurse asked Mrs. Bingley how old her little boy was
33. “I think you should go by train” He told us
He advised us to go by train
34. “How many stars are there in the sky?”
There is/are + N
No one knows how many stars there are in the sky
35. The boy said to his sister “Have you ever read a book on space flights?”
The boy asked his sister if she had ever read a book on space flights.
36. “Do you want to insure your luggage or not?”
The travel agent asked her if she wanted to insure her luggage or not.
37. “Please turn up the volume, Nga” said her grandmother
Nga’s grandmother asked Nga/her to turn up the volume.
38. “What are you doing?” She asked me
She asked me what I was doing
39. “Can you speak English?” Mr. Brown asked
Mr. Brown asked me if I could speak english.
40. “What do you usually do in your free time?” the examiner asked
The examiner asked me what I usually did in my free time.