INTERPRETATIVE

QUALITATIVE

1. Urea has a high solubility in water, the reaction is endothermic, meaning that the urea-water system
absorbs heat from its surroundings as the reaction proceeds (Mohammadi, 2007). This proves that the
heat from water is being absorbed by urea making the temperature of water decrease.

2. Compare to urea, hydrochloric acid release heat instead of absorbing heat that’s why the
temperature of water increases. When the hydrochloric acid is dissolved in water, the hydrogen ions will
form hydrogen bonding with the oxygen atom of the water molecule, since this formation is so strong
which releases a huge amount of energy and the heat is given off which increases the temperature of
the solution (Vedantu contributor, 2023).

3. Based on the measurements and results, the water’s temperature decreases as the urea is added into
the water. Endothermic reactions are chemical reactions in which the reactants absorb heat energy
from the surroundings to form products. These reactions lower the temperature of their surrounding
area, thereby creating a cooling effect (BYJUS Admin, 2022).

4. As we can see, the temperature of water increase when the hydrochloric acid is added because the
heat from hydrochloric acid transfer to the water. An exothermic reaction occurs when the temperature
of a system increases due to the evolution of heat. This heat is released into the surroundings, resulting
in an overall negative quantity for the heat of reaction (Libretexts, 2023).

5. After the computation of both change in enthalpy of urea and hydrochloric acid, it shows that urea
perform endothermic reaction while the hydrochloric acid perform exothermic reaction. The enthalpy
change of a reaction is roughly equivalent to the amount of energy lost or gained during the reaction
(Libretexts, 2023a).
QUANTITATIVE

1. The change in temperature is given by ΔT = Tf – Ti, where Tf is the final temperature and Ti, is the
initial temperature (Libretexts, 2022). By using this formula, as the final temperature is 20 subtract the
initial temperature which is 26 degrees then the change in temperature will be -6.

2. Using the formula of change in temperature which is ΔT = Tf – Ti, substitute all the values 32 as final
temperature subtracted by 26 will result to positive 16 this proves that the temperature of water
increases. When the hydrochloric acid is dissolved in water, the hydrogen ions will form hydrogen
bonding with the oxygen atom of the water molecule, since this formation is so strong which releases a
huge amount of energy and the heat is given off which increases the temperature of the solution
(Vedantu contributor, 2023).

3. The amount of heat gained or lost by a sample (q) can be calculated using the equation q = mcΔT,
where m is the mass of the sample, c is the specific heat, and ΔT is the temperature change (Heat
Capacity, n.d.-b). This is the formula to get the enthalpy change, since it has molar mass, it should be
divided to the number of moles and the result will be 7.36 kj/mol.

4. By using the formula of Qrxn = -mcΔT and ΔH= Qrxn/ number of moles, input all the measurements and
the result will come out. The change in enthalpy of hydrochloric acid is -0.71 kj/mol. Enthalpy is the heat
content of a system. The enthalpy change of a reaction is roughly equivalent to the amount of energy
lost or gained during the reaction (Heat Capacity, n.d.-b).

5. Based on the calculations, by using the formula of Qrxn = -mcΔT and ΔH= Qrxn/ number of moles to
hydrochloric acid and urea, they get different values. In hydrochloric acid, it has -0.71 kj/mol while in
urea it has 7.36 kj/mol, this proves which one experience exothermic reaction and endothermic
reaction. A negative enthalpy change represents an exothermic change where energy is released from
the reaction, a positive enthalpy change represents an endothermic reaction where energy is taken in
from the surroundings (MyTutor, n.d.).