Final Research-Group 5

Surigao del Norte National High School
Peñaranda St., Surigao City
The Feasibility of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Sap
as One of the Additive Components
in Making Roof Sealant
A Capstone Project
Presented to
the Faculty of the Senior High School
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for Senior High School
Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion (3I’s) and Capstone
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
April Jane Poray
Johnlloyd Vitorillo
Keneth Jay Mondragon
Ma. Cecelia Salazar
Michael John Lloyd Luzada
Nichole Rose Siaboc
June 2023
1
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this experiment was to test the feasibility of Jackfruit
sap as one of the additive components in making a roof sealant. The
procurement of the ingredients was gathered in the laboratory where the
experiment took place. The sealant samples undergo a thorough process to
prove the feasibility of Jackfruit sap as one of the additive components in
making a roof sealant. The data were gathered through trials using a Likert
scale. The experiment showed that the Jackfruit sap is effective on its
particular role as a sealant, and it is showed that the Jackfruit sap is
feasible as a one of the additive components in making roof sealant.
Key terms: Jackfruit sap, Roof Sealant, Additive components
2
APPROVAL SHEET
3
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We are the researchers would like to express our appreciation to the
individuals who’ve extended their help in conducting this research paper
to be successful. Primarily, we would like to thank our parents who
patiently supported us financially, spiritually, and morally from the start
of conducting the study up until the finished product. Their supports
boosted us spiritually in accomplishing what we’ve started. Also, we
would like to express our appreciation to them for being understanding
and for their motivations. Secondly, we would like to express our deepest
appreciation to our research adviser/capstone project teacher, Ms.
Nessel D. Auditor, for her continuous guide, support, advice, patience,
and immense knowledge that helped us gain more knowledge about the
study. Lastly, to the researcher’s friends, for their never-ending support,
may it be in terms of emotional and moral support. They’ve been a big
part of this study.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
TITLE PAGE …………………………………………. i
ABSTRACT …………………………………………. ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT …………………………………………. iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………. iv
Chapter 1-THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction …………………………………………. 9
Conceptual Framework ………………………………………… 11
Statement of the Problem …………………………………… 14
Hypothesis ……………………………..…………………………. 14
Significance of the Study ………………………..… 15
Scope and Limitations of the Study ……………………. … 16
Definition of Terms ……………………………… 17
Chapter 2 - REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE …….………..… 18
Chapter 3 - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design …………………..…………..…. 29
5
Research Locale …………………………………………. 29
Materials and Procedure …………………………………... 30
Chapter 4 – RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results and Discussions ………………………………... 35
Chapter 5 - SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary ………………………………………… 42
Findings ………………………………………… 43
Conclusions ………………………………………… 44
Recommendations ……………………………... 44
REFERENCES .……………………………………...... 46
APPENDICES ………………………………………. 50
6
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
1 Distribution of Population and Respondent……………
7
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Title Page
1 Research Paradigm………………………….
2 Flow Chart and General Procedures…….
3 The Making of Roof Sealant out of
Jackfruit sap………………………………….
Chapter 1
8
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
This chapter presents the introduction, review of literature,
theoretical and conceptual framework, statement of the problem,
significance of the study, scope and limitations of the study, and
definition of terms.
Introduction
The jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is a tree species of the mulberry
family endemic to regions of south and south Asia. It is best suited to
tropical climates. Its fruit is less than 25 cm long (10 inches) in diameter.
The jackfruit is quite popular in many regions of the world. The jackfruit is
indigenous to India, the Philippines, and Indonesia, Bangladesh, Nepal, and
Sri Lanka are among the countries involved (Dass, 2017).
Jackfruit are evergreen, latex-producing trees of up to 25 m that are
native to India and Malaysia, that have spread to Sri Lanka, China, South-
east Asia and to tropical Africa. They are cultivated for the large fruits that
can vary in shape and size, and for timber (Janick et al., 2010)
Latex, which can also be found in various roof sealants, is present in
jackfruit. It also contains 82.6 to 86.4% resins, which can be used in the
production of varnish. The purpose and value of sealant play a very
essential role in the school. Roof sealants are generally used to keep water
out of a roof. It has been scientifically proven that jackfruit latex is a
potential source of adhesive. Jackfruit trees are 30 to 70 ft. (9-21 m) tall,

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with evergreen, alternate, glossy, somewhat leathery leaves to 9 in (22.5 cm)
long, oval on mature wood, sometimes oblong or deeply lobed on young
shoots. All parts contain sticky white latex (Morton, 2010).
Sealant is known to be a viscous material which turns solid after
application and purpose being, prevention from dust, smoke, gas, air, water,
and other unwanted materials. There are many types of sealants which are
used to protect different kinds of surfaces like dry walls and roofs from
external damage. A sealant is also used for flat and sloping roofs, so that
they are protected for years. The forms in which these sealants are found
can be rubber, tar, paint, concrete, or any other durable covering material
that can withstand external pressure. Many houses nowadays have roof
concerns, which include rusting and holes in the roof due to climate issues.
This can be a major problem, such as easy breakage due to a low-quality
roof. Having broken roofs, it is tough to find a solution to these problems,
especially because practically all of us are experiencing financial difficulties.
There are certain types of sealants which are manufactured commercially by
certain companies which aid in the common problem that every household
experienced. However, commercial sealants these days are usually
expensive. The jackfruit latex is a possible eco-friendly and inexpensive
solution for sealing common household leakages. The researcher used the
constituent which are jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) latex and by
heating and mixing the ingredients to form a tacky substance that was used
10
as roof sealant. The components present the Jackfruit sap play a significant
role in making and finding sa feasibility of the roof sealant.
Conceptual Framework
This conceptual framework traces on organized and structured procedure in
realizing or achieving the outcome of the study which seeks to determine the
feasibility of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) sap as one of the additives
components in making roof sealant.
Figure 1 shows the connection of variables of the study through a

research paradigm. The study first collected the materials needed for the
study first collected the materials needed for the study.
In Box . It consists of all materials that the researchers needed to collect

or gather to facilitate and conduct the experiment study which is the
graduated cylinder, jackfruit latex, weighing scale, stirring rod, empty
containers, and plaster of paris.
Next, the study followed the steps on procedure in making the jackfruit
(Artocarpus heterophyllus) such preparing cutting, extracting, sitting,
disposing excess substances, measuring, and mixing.
In Box 2. It is consistent with the experiment every step or process to
make the product. First is cutting the jackfruit. Second, extract the latex.
Third, removing the excess water of the latex, Next is storing the latex in the
container. Lastly, measuring all the components, and finally, mixing the
components altogether.
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In Box 3. Furthermore, the last box is where the output took place, this is
wherein the roof sealant already produced. The product is jackfruit sap as a
roof sealant.
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INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Materials
 Preparing
 Jackfruit latex
 Stirring Rod  Cutting
 Extracting Jackfruit
 Empty
 Sitting (Artocarpus
Containers
 Plaster of  Dispose heterophyllus)
Paris excess sap as a Roof
 Gloves water Sealant
 Wooden  Measuring
Sticks  Mixing
 Gas
 Measuring
Spoon
 Knife
Figure 1. Research Paradigm
Statement of the Problem
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This study determines the feasibility of Jackfruit (Artocarpus
heterophyllus) sap as an alternative component in making roof Sealant. It
specifically sought to answer the following questions:
1. What component is present in Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus)
that makes it possible to make a roof sealant?
2. What is the level of feasibility of Jackfruit (Artocarpus
heterophyllus) to make possible in to make roof sealant in terms of:
2.1 Waterproof
2.2 Pressure Resistance
3.3 Heatproof
3. How long does it take for the total effect of the jackfruit sap roof
sealant?
Hypothesis
Ho: There is no significant difference between Jackfruit (Artocarpus
heterophyllus) sap sealant and the commercial sealant and has no
components that makes it possible to make a roof sealant and would last
long as a roof sealant.
Significance of the Study
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The result of this study may be of beneficial and significant to the
following groups and individuals:
Environment: This study may encourage decrease of Jackfruit
(Artocarpus heterophyllus lam) waste like latex or sap leading to
environmental issues as these wastes are not disposed properly causing
environmental problems. And this may be beneficial for the environment
through reducing the effect of risk from the weather conditions.
Community: The study would be beneficial for the community
through reducing expense factors which could cope up to their problem
mainly to the shelter who can’t afford to purchase sealant for the roof
purpose. It could also help community to manage diverse ways to create
such brilliant alternative for the particular role of the roof sealant to protect
the area where leakages occur.
Future Researchers: This study would help the future student
researchers for their research project with this study’s process and results
as it can be used as their reference for their study.
Construction Workers: This study is beneficial for the construction
workers since they are the ones to apply the product on the roof and since
this study shows how fast-drying this product, this can be an advantage for
the construction workers since it’s not time consuming. And it doesn’t have
that harsh chemical that can damage the skin if it’s contacted.
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Scope and Limitations of the Study
The scope and limitation of this study is thoroughly discussed below
to provide a clever and specific understanding regarding to the topic of the
study. The following terms give an overview of the study and these can be
numerated as:
Focus: This study focus on the feasibility of jackfruit (Artocarpus
heterophyllus) sap as of roof sealant. It also focused on the sealant ability of
jackfruit sap as a source of the latex needed to create roof sealant.
Place & time: Poblacion Bacuag, Surigao del Norte, May 5, 2023. 8:00
am to 7:00 pm.
Respondents: Researchers and civilians, also the community.
Source of data: The data gathered through experimentation and testing
to the said place.
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Definition of Terms
Jackfruit. A large tropical Asian tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus)
related to the breadfruit that yields a fine-grained yellow wood and immense
fruit which contain an edible pulp and nutritious seeds. The latex extracted
from the jackfruit tree is the main ingredient of the alternative sealant.
Latex. A colloidal suspension of very small polymer particles in water.
Latex is extracted from jackfruit and is used as ingredients of roof sealant.
Sealant. A substance that is put on the surface to protect it from air,
water, etc. The proponents will devise a roof sealant.
Components. It is a part or element of something such as mainly the
mixture of the roof sealant.
Likert Scale. It is a rating scale used to measure the efficacy and
feasibility of Jackfruit sap as one of the additive components in making a
roof sealant.
Resin. A generic term for polymer.t is valued for adhesive. It is an
organic compound that is bound and found in the Jackfruit latex.
Adhesive. It is a substance used for sticking objects and materials
particularly the roof for testing purposes.
Viscosity. It is a measurement of the Jackfruit sap fluid’s resistance
to flow resulting to be a perfect formula in adhesion.
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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This section provides the concepts, writing, and findings of
Carpo (2019). Investigated his study and aimed to create an alternative
sealant out of natural material such as rubber tree latex and jackfruit latex
and test its capabilities through pressure testing the seal by way of airtight
syringes and presses. In addition to that, a commercial sealant was also
tested by taking 10 samples which were then tested in the same method as
the experimental samples. The commercial sealant acted as the control
group for the research study. In total, the research utilized 5 levels and 10
replications with a total sample size of 50 samples 4 of those levels were the
experimental groups and the last level was the control group. The resulting
data was processed in three stages, the first a simple analysis of variance,
secondly by a tukey post hoc test, and finally by a homogeneous subset.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of adhesive on tensile
strength and bending strength of adhesive joints on balsa wood by varying
the type of bio-based adhesive. The use of bio-based adhesive is very
potential both as a substitute for synthetic-based adhesive. In this research,
adhesive joint was applied using a specimen of balsa wood which was
connected with bio-based adhesive which was varied, namely bio-based
adhesive from rubber tree sap, sap of jackfruit tree and sap of breadfruit
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tree. In this study, tensile testing and bending testing were conducted to
determine the tensile strength and bending of balsa wood that has been
connected using bio-based adhesive variations.
The results of the research show that the variation of bio-based adhesive
can affect the strength of the structure of balsa wood which is done by
adhesive joints because in the variation of bio-based adhesive has different
adhesive characteristics so that the binding ability between bio-based
adhesive surfaces is different. Fault analysis was carried out after tensile
and bending tests to see the effect of bio-based adhesive variations on balsa
wood. It is evident that the results of tensile testing on rubber tree sap bio-
based adhesive were 28,193 MPa, on jackfruit sap bio-based adhesive was
19,93 MPa and on breadfruit tree bio-based adhesive sap was 15,963 MPa.
While the results of bending testing amounted to 23.58 MPa for bio-based
adhesive rubber tree sap, on 23.45 MPa for bio-based adhesive sap and
breadfruit tree sap at 19.18 MPa (Ma’arif et.al, 2019).
rather stick together

than dissolve into the
solution. substances
which are
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There are different types of sealants which includes latex sealants and
elastomeric sealants. Latex sealants are water-based, easy to tool, easy to
clean up, paintable, and relatively less expensive than other types of
sealants. Latex sealants are usually made from latex emulsions. As stated
by Reddy and Palmer (2004), latex emulsions, which contain a stable water-
insoluble, polymeric colloidal suspension in an aqueous solution, are
commonly used in sealant compositions to improve the properties of those
compositions by suspending the small particles inside the flexible structure
of the colloid. Latex emulsions are also employed to reduce the brittleness of
the sealant compositions. In addition, latex emulsions are used to improve
the flexibility of sealant compositions. Different types of sealants have
different pressure tolerances for different purposes as pressure tolerance.
Selecting environmentally preferable building materials is one way to
reduce the negative environmental impacts associated with the built
environment. This paper proposes a framework that incorporates
environmental and economic constraints while maximizing the number of
credits reached under the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
(LEED) rating system. The framework helps decision makers with the
appropriate selection of conventional and green building materials. It
consists of two modules: System Dynamics module and Ant Colony
Optimization module. The paper describes the developments made in these
two modules, where the selection of building materials is carried out based
on LEED credits and costs. The proposed framework provides more credits
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when using environmentally friendly materials. A case study of residential
building is presented to demonstrate the main features of proposed
framework (Marzouk et.al, 2013)
According to Billore et. al., (2013) states that synthetic and natural clay
(bentonite) liners are commercially used to protect leakage from a variety of
earthy ponding and containments to conserve water and for the wastewater
not to contaminate the groundwater. The present study evaluates the
sealant property of the local clay hitherto used intensively in the
manufacture of earthen wares, bricks, smearing materials, and sealant in
roof cracks. Extensive deposits of fluvial sediments occur along the bank of
River Kshipra in and around Ujjain situated on Malwa plateau in Madhya
Pradesh. Field-collected clay samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and
ethylene glycol treatment (EGT) and compared with standard bentonite
procured from Gujarat Mineral Development Corporation. The X-ray
diffraction profile analysis with basal reflection (001) at 14° to 15° clearly
confirmed the identification of smectite group of the clay under study. The
EGT substantiated the presence of smectite in the Ujjain clay as well as in
the standard bentonite, which is diagnostic to the swelling property of the
clay. The overall study thus characterizes the potentiality of Ujjain clay as a
mineral-based hydraulic barrier material and a component of natural liner
in surface-water impoundments and lagoons.
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According to Team WFM (2016), it has been established that sealants are
“polymers having a tight molecular structure that does not allow water to
penetrate a seal”. The researcher of the study has empirical evidence that a
mixture of jackfruit latex upon a rubber base possesses hydrophobic
properties and other desirable properties usually required for a sealant to do
its job. The hydrophobic property of the components is the main factor for
producing the sealant as the mixture is a worthy alternative to the
commercial sealants found in hardware shops.
According to an article by Than (2017), it was mentioned that
“hydrophobes are nonpolar molecules and usually have a long chain of
carbons that do not interact with water molecules.” American Chemist
Walter Kauzmann described that nonpolar substances tend to clump up
together rather than evenly distribute itself in an aqueous medium, because
this allows the compounds to expose the least surface area to the aqueous
solution. When hydrophobes are placed in an aqueous medium, the
hydrogen bonds between the water molecules will have to be broken for the
hydrophobe to be dissolved into the medium and as commonly noted,
hydrogen bonds are the strongest bonds that form between any given
molecules. It is due to the hydrogen bonds that hydrophobes would much
rather stick together than dissolve into the solution.
Jackfruit has been a key source of nutrition for people in Asia, it is
considered an invasive species in the Brazilian rain forest because jackfruit
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competes with native trees. The jackfruit is an underutilized crop in the
tropical- to-subtropical climate where most of the fruits get wasted due to
ignorance, lack of post- harvest technology supply calcium, when that been
chain iron, compared systems, vitamins to the is widely consumed reported
Jackfruit contains and common, and more gaps in protein, essential
nutrients fruits. Jackfruit is fresh fruit has also the therapeutic qualities
since ancient times. The parts of the world facing food insecurity, the
jackfruit could be manna from a tree (Prem, 2015).
The jackfruit can be not only used for several culinary operations, but
the seed powder also has a lot of potential in food jackfruit can, cosmetics,
pharmaceuticals, paper, bio- nanotechnology industries, thickener
especially and binding agent (Goswani, 2016).
According to the article of Dela Torre (2018), fruit trees are important as
additional sources of revenue and are important diet supplements. Besides
edible fruits, there are several other useful products available from these
fruit trees.
However, despite their significance, these plants have not been
researched thoroughly for their propagation, cultivation, and molecular
characterization. Unlike the annual agricultural crops, fruit trees present
certain unique problems in terms of their improvement. The long pre-
bearing age and highly heterozygous cross pollination nature of these crops
constitute a serious problem for their rapid improvement and assessment of

23
available variability. With changing socio-economic and environmental
values, there is now a worldwide burgeoning of interest and support for
research on the maintenance, genetic improvement and efficient use of fruit
tree resources and their products. However, some of the useful fruit trees
have not been investigated in detail. In this review, biotechnological
intervention in the area of tissue culture, molecular markers and genetic
transformation on three under-researched tropical fruit tree crops viz.
Jackfruit, Guava, and Custard apple are described.
Jackfruit has many uses. It can also be different environmental
services. It cannot utilized be in easily blown by the wind so it is mostly
used in making a fence or hurdle. In the meadow, its fallen fruit can be used
as food for the animals. It can also offer its shade to coffee, pepper, betel
nut, and cardamom plants. In gardens, its thick branches shouldering the
dense canopy leaves can provide a visual screen (Chowdhury, 2016).
Artocarpus heterophyllus latex (jackfruit latex) was collected and
analyzed to investigate if it can be considered as alternative source of NR. It
was found from FTIR, 1H NMR and GC-MS study that jackfruit latex
contains both cis-1,4 polyisoprene and trans- 1,4 polyisoprene along with
few other chemical constituents. However, molecular weight of jackfruit
latex is significantly lower than the NR. Because of low molecular weight
polymer and presence of several other chemical constituents as impurity,
jackfruit latex does not impart significant mechanical properties in
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vulcanized rubber compound, but it provides additional wet skid resistance
(WSR) and aid in better dispersion of carbon black in rubber compound.
Therefore, jackfruit latex cannot be used to replace NR, but can be used as
low molecular weight natural resin, especially to improve dispersion of
carbon black in rubber compound and to enhance WSR for tire (Bhadra et
al, 2019).
In this study, latex was procured from Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.
(jackfruit) and subsequently evaluated for its antioxidant and antimicrobial
activity. Aqueous extract (AE) and trifluoroethanol extract (TFE) of jackfruit
latex were prepared using distilled water and trifluoroethanol. Both extracts
were then characterized via thin-layer chromatography (TLC), ultraviolet-
visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
(GC-MS) analysis. Antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity were
determined for the extracts. Antibacterial activity was exhibited by TFE
against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and Bacillus sp. The antioxidant activity of
AE was significantly higher than TFE (Samrot et al, 2022).
Du (2022) stated that coiled materials are mainly used in roofing
works. In addition, there is a certain disorder in the selection of materials
for planted roofing waterproofing projects, which is related to the fact that
domestic planting roofing technology has just started. In wall waterproofing
projects, polymer cement-based waterproof coatings and waterproof dry
mortar have become the first-choice materials. Although the actual output
25
of my country's polymer waterproofing membranes has increased, the
overall quality is low. Among them, there are many inferior products, and
they do not account for a high proportion of the total building waterproofing
materials. The product variety is small, such as EPDM only includes 1.2 m
wide homogeneous type, no wide, reinforced and backing type.
Additionally, the ethylene-propylene rubber-polyethylene blend (TPO)
is only in the development stage and has not yet entered the market in large
numbers. Ethylene propylene rubber is a kind of synthetic elastomer that is
closely linked to EPDM rubber and is sometimes referred to as EPM
referring to an ASTM standard. EPR is utilized for electrical isolation of the
cables and various flexible rubber items such as sleeves or weather (Du,
2022).
Building sealing materials are also called building sealants. According
to its chemical composition, it is divided into silicone, modified silicone,
polyurethane, silicone modified polyurethane, polysulfide, polyacrylate,
silicone modified acrylic, butyl, polybutene, modified asphalt sealant,
polyvinyl chloride tar grease, putty, etc. According to use and applicability, it
can be divided into curtain wall structure sealant, curtain wall joint
weather-resistant sealant, concrete building joint sealant, insulating glass
sealant, door and window sealant, stone sealant, anti-mold sealant, fireproof
sealant, road and bridge joint sealant, color steel plate joint sealant,
aluminum plate sealant, plastic door and window sealant, etc. According to
26
the form, it is divided into single-component and multi-component.
According to the reaction form, it is divided into reaction curing type and
solvent volatilization type (Du, 2022).
Mitall (2009) stated that hardening sealants are formulated based on
heavily bodied viscous fluids; however, they set to form rigid, semiflexible, or
flexible seals. The setting process may be either physical or chemical in
nature, depending on whether primarily physical (ie., weak) or chemical (i.e.
strong) interactions are involved. Physically setting sealants are based on
thermoplastic polymers that can be melted by temperature increase or be
dispersed in an organic medium or in water. Chemically curing sealants
contain functional polymers that react via polycondensation or polyaddi-
tion reactions. Examples of physically setting sealants are hot melts and
solvent- or waterborne acrylates (acrylics).
Examples of chemically curing sealants are silicones, polyurethanes,
polysul- fides, and silicon-modified organics (such as silyl-functional
polyethers, etc.). Some sealants set by both physical and chemical means.
An example of such a sealant type is a chemically curing hot melt, such as a
polyurethane hot melt. With these "dual set sealants, physical setting
typically dominates the handling properties during application, while
chemical curing influences the performance properties. Dual-set sealants
are generally classified by the setting process that has the strongest influ
ence on their performance properties. Polyurethane hot melts, mentioned
27
earlier as an example, are therefore classed as chemically curing sealants
(Mitall, 2009).
Synthesis
In this section, we compare our study and the Review of Related
Literature (RRL). The previous studies show the similarities, which was stated
that it also uses the same component which is the Jackfruit sap that has latex
properties of being adhesive. Meanwhile, this can also be use on the other
experiments to make it the same adhesive purpose.
In addition, the difference from the previous studies shows that it can
also be used its capabilities from another experiment such glue out of
jackfruit sap were it could enhance its efficacy. This includes the physical
properties and its composition, whereas evaluated and analyses its efficacy.
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Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Methods
This chapter contains the research methodology used in this
study. It includes the research design, equipments and materials, research
locale and data gathering procedures.
Research Design
This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using jackfruit sap as one
of the additive components in making roof sealant. This study will utilize an
experimental research design. Research Design is the kind of research
design used in determining the feasibility of jackfruit sap (Artocarpus
29
heterophyllus) as a one of the additive components in making roof sealant.
This study employs an experimental design in testing the efficacy of
Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) sap as an alternative main ingredient
for roof sealant.
Research Locale
The study will be conducted in Surigao Norte National Highschool.
The item will undergo testing at the science lab. In the second semester of
the academic year 2022-2023, the study will be carried out.
Equipment and Materials
The researchers will conduct the experiment and gather the data
results with the following tools and materials.
Measuring Spoons are used

to measure the Jackfruit Sap.
Surgical Gloves are used to

protect our hand from dirt and
stickiness from the jackfruit
sap.
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Knife is used to scrape the

latex off the fruit.
Empty Containers are

used to store the sap.
Plaster of Paris is
calcined gypsum (roasted gypsum), ground to a
fine powder by milling used to mix as our
component to jackfruit sap.
Gas is used to apply in our hands to prevent the

stickiness of the sap during mixing.
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Syringe is used to extract the gas from the

container to apply it on mixing the components.
Wooden Stick are used to mix our components.
Jackfruit is the main ingredients in our

experiment and the source of the sap.
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Flow Chart and General Procedures
Procurement of materials and components
Cutting the Jackfruit
Extracting the latex
Storing the latex in the container
Measuring all the components
Mixing the ingredients altogether
The output will then deliver right away to the place where
the experient take.
Figure 2.
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Data Gathering Procedures
To conduct this research, we need to have the materials needed for

the research experiment. So in utmost respect, we humbly ask our
colleagues for the data needed (Jackfruit Sap) for the research to be
conducted. Rest assured that no colleagues were forced to provide for the
materials to conduct the research experiment if the data were unattainable.
The other materials such as graduated cylinder, weighing scale, stirring rod,
empty containers were gathered from Surigao Del National High science
laboratory.
Procedures
Phase I: First, the researchers began to use a strategy to locate the sources
of the Jackfruit tree near the city.
Phase II: The researchers then prepared all the materials and collected the
maximum amount of Jackfruit as much possible to start the experiment.
Phase III: The researchers began to cut the Jackfruit into two pieces using a
cutting tool for the fruit to cut into two pieces.
Phase IV: In this phase, researchers then began extracting the latex from
Jackfruit sap and placed it into the empty container. And began to smash
and began to extract the excess liquid found on the latex.
Phase V: In this phase, the researchers began to measure the ingredients
needed to use.
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Phase VI: In this phase, the researchers began to stir all the ingredients
using a stirring tool.
Phase VII: The researchers began to add a right amount of gas
Phase VIII: Finally, the output was then delivered right away to the location
where the experiment took place.
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Chapter 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this chapter, the results of the experiment are presented. Data
presentation and analysis are done based on the statements of the problem
in the Chapter 1.
Table. 1: Duration of Solidification
Mass Time Temperature
Trial 1 5mL 2 hours 31⁰

8mL 4 hours 32⁰
Trial 2 10mL 5 hours
31⁰
Trial 3
Average 8mL 4hrs 31.3⁰

Source: Experimentation and Testing in the laboratory
Table 1 shows the illustration of duration that the roof sealant takes to
solidify with an amount of mass exerted onto each sample and also a
perspective time duration in each trial gathered and tested according to the
temperature of the weather on exact testing day.
36
Table 2: Water Tolerance Testing
Sealant affected Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Mean

with: (10mins) (15mins) (20mins)
Water Tolerance 5 4 5 4.67

(5ml of Jackfruit
sap roof sealant)
Water Tolerance 4 5 5 4.67

(8ml of Jackfruit
sap roof sealant)
Water Tolerance 5 5 5 5
(10ml of Jackfruit
sap roof sealant)
Legend: 5 – Effective, 4 – Nearly effective, 3 – Neutral, 2 – Weak, 1 - Very weak
Table 2 presented the trial testing through Likert scale showed that each
sample was able to tolerate water. The researchers put a sample sealant on
the roof surface and used a perspective increasing amount of mass by each
sample and used a standard amount time for the experiment. The result
was gathered by taking the amount of mass exerted onto the samples and
the maximum time that was used on each trial and showed by the data
experiment with its water tolerance capacity showed in the illustration.
37
In addition to that, the sealant produced from Jackfruit sap was able to
tolerate the water in a long period of time, these was shown and proven that
it is waterproof sealant. Data of these will be justified on the table above.
Table 3: Heat Tolerance Testing
Sealant affected Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Mean

with: (1hr) (2hrs) (3hrs)
Heat Tolerance 4 5 5 4.67

(5ml of Jackfruit
sap roof sealant)
Heat Tolerance 5 5 5 5
(8ml of Jackfruit
sap roof sealant)
Heat Tolerance 4 4 5 4.33

(10ml of Jackfruit
sap roof sealant)
Table 3 showed the trial testing through Likert scale showed that each
Legend: 5 – Effective, 4 – Nearly effective, 3 – Neutral, 2 – Weak, 1 - Very weak
sample was able to tolerate possible maximum temperature. The researchers
put a sample sealant on the roof surface and used a perspective increasing
amount of mass by each sample, and used a standard amount time for the
experiment. The result was gathered by taking the amount of mass exerted
onto the samples and the maximum time that was used on each trial. These
were done when the sealant from the Jackfruit sap put at the very surface of
the roof at the top of a house these was done during sunny day and exposed
38
it directly to the sunlight on a maximum period showed by the data
experiment with its heat tolerance capacity showed in the illustration.
In addition to that, the sealant produced from Jackfruit sap was able to
tolerate maximum amount heat in a maximum period of time, these was
shown and proven that it is a heatproof sealant, and it can be able to
withstand maximum heat. Data of these will be justified on the table above.
Table 4: Pressure Resistance Testing
Sealant affected Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

with: (15mins) (20mins) (25mins) Mean
Pressure 4 5 4 4.33
Resistance (5ml of
Jackfruit sap roof
sealant)
Pressure 4 4 4 4
Resistance (8ml of
Jackfruit sap roof
sealant)
Pressure 5 4 5 4.67
Resistance (10ml of
Jackfruit sap roof
sealant)
Table 4 illustrated the trial testing through Likert scale showed that
each Legend:
sample5 –was
Effective,
able4 –toNearly effective,
tolerate 3 – Neutral,
certain 2 – Weak,
pressure. The1 - Very weak
researchers put a
sample sealant on the roof surface and used a perspective increasing
amount of mass by each sample and used a standard amount time for the
39
experiment. The result was gathered by taking the amount of mass exerted
onto the samples. The researchers tested the durability of the jackfruit onto
the roof and started to test it pressure tolerance which had the maximum
time that was used on each trial showed by the data experiment with its
pressure tolerance showed in the illustration.
In addition to that, the sealant produced from Jackfruit sap was able
to tolerate the pressure in a long period of time, this was shown and proven
that the sealant can resist pressure. Data of these will be justified on the
table above.
Table 5: Percentage yield of the Jackfruit Sap
Weight of the Jackfruit 10000g (2 Jackfruit)

Weight of the Jackfruit sap 30g
Percentage yield of the Jackfruit sap 0.3%
This portion shows the jackfruit sap yielded about 0.3% from the
10000grams of Jackfruit sample.
Table 6: Composition of Jackfruit Sealant (in 1:1 ratio)
Jackfruit sap 30ml

Plaster of Paris 30ml
Gas 0.5ml (standard)
40
Table 7: Composition of Jackfruit Sealant (in 1:2 ratio)
Jackfruit sap 30ml

Plaster of Paris 60ml
Gas 0.5ml (standard)
The section above shows the composition of the jackfruit sap as a roof
sealant and its components.
Chapter 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The researchers aimed to see if it is possible to use Jackfruit
(Artocarpus heterophyllus) as one of the additives in making roof sealant. It
considered the potential of Jackfruit sap as an additive. The Jackfruit tree

41
are 9 to 68.90 feet tall, and all parts contain sticky white latex and latex is
often found in various commercial roof sealants.
In general, the researchers want to determine whether the Jackfruit
sap is as or more effective than the commercial roof sealant. Specifically it
sought to answer: (a) the duration of total effect of the roof sealant: (b) the
component present in Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) that makes it
possible a make a roof sealant: (c) the level of feasibility of Jackfruit
(Artocarpus heterophyllus) to make possible in to make roof sealant in terms
of waterproof, weather resistance, and heatproof: (d) if there's significant
difference between the Jackfruit sap roof a sealant and commercial sealant.
The study results showed the efficacy of using Jackfruit sap as an
additive component for roof sealant. The Jackfruit sap as roof sealant
showed the differences in terms of viscosity and parching, and no difference
in terms of effectiveness of the commercial product.
Findings
As the experiment of the research study conducted, the equal ratio and
proportion played a significant role in making the sealant. We found out that
if we put 1:2 ratio of the latex and plaster of paris on the sealant it was
concluded that the viscosity or consistency that the sealant had really
signifies had it failed whereas this was justified that it can increase its
42
solidification state as much, wherein if the ratio and proportion were equal it
was proven that it can tolerate the efficacy of the sealant and can manage
the solidification process.
Secondly, the gas substance measured in a syringe plays an important
role in making the sealant out of jackfruit sap, whereas this substance can
tolerate its solidification where it was in the container and not been used
already this can neutralize its solidification.
In addition to this, the roof sealant made out of jackfruit sap signifies
its difference and similarities from other sealant and yet the components
plays an important role as an adhesive and as a sealant that had its similar
properties. We found out that the roof sealant out of jackfruit sap has the
same latex properties and can be a sealant to the roof as the data presented.
Figure 3: The making of Roof Sealant out of Jackfruit sap.
Conclusion
Based on the experiment conducted, the following were the
conclusions drawn. The Jackfruit Sap Roof Sealant experiment
demonstrated that it is possible to add jackfruit sap as a component to a
mixture to create a jackfruit roof sealant. It was shown that it is feasible to
use Jackfruit sap as one of the additive components in making roof sealant
43
based on the trials and testing it was proven accepted and signified that it is
effective. According to the study, jackfruit sap is validated and justified it’s
excellency mainly on heatproof, pressure-resistant, and waterproof roof
efficacy.
Recommendations
The researchers' suggestions for the study are as follows:
1. The resources needed for the experiment must be gathered on the
same day to guarantee that the results are consistent as unfiltered,
the ingredients are susceptible to quick deterioration.
2. The jackfruit latex needs to be taken directly from the tree because
although it takes longer, latex can also be obtained from trees produce
the same amount of latex, but harm jackfruit less rate of output.
3. To reduce the cost of production, the sealants should be produced in
large quantities. Rubber can often be used to reduce waste and overall
costs be only bought in bulk, and if not used completely, they can go
to waste.
4. Utilizing the appropriate testing tools, the mixture should be
evaluated as Homemade testing equipment is frequently less accurate
than that found in accredited testing facilities.
5. It is important to conduct more study on the effects of jackfruit latex
the highest pressure as this study solely examined the results of both
components as a single mixture.
44
6. To extend the shelf life of the finished product, preservatives should
be applied.
7. To improve the commercial appeal of the product to the public,
additional steps should be taken to lower the overall expenses of
product production.
45
REFERENCES
Bhadra, S., Mohan, N., Parikh, G., & Nair, S. (2019). Possibility of
artocarpus heterophyllus latex as an alternative source for natural
rubber. Polymer Testing, 79, 106066.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2019.106066
Billore, S. K., Singh, N., Sharma, J. K., Krishnamurthi, R., Kobayashi, T., &
Yagi, R. (2000). Ujjain clay as low-cost sealant and liner for artificial
ponding and bentonite alternative. Current Science, 78(11), 1381–
1383. Retrieve from http://www.jstor.org/stable/24104049
Carpo, M.J. (2019). The Effect of Different Ratios of Jackfruit and Rubber
Tree Latex as an Alternative Sealant. DOI:
10.13140/RG.2.2.32764.90249.
Chowdhury, A.R. (2016). Study on functional properties of raw and blended
jackfruit seed flour (a non-conventional source) for food application.
Indian Journal of Natural products and resources 3(3), 347-353.
Retrieved February 5, 2020 from on
http://www.nzic.org.nz/chemprocesses/polymers/10H.pdf
Dass, A. (2017). Jackfruit. Retrieved December 10, 2017, Retrieve from
http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_870_2005-01-
11.html
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Dela Torre, A. J. (2018). Starch Adhesive Innovation for Green Adhesives 3(1).
Retrieved on February 5, 2020 from
https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/136863
Du, X. (2021). Research on roof waterproof construction of agricultural
construction engineering based on big data technology. Retrieve from
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09064710.2021.199
0387?
fbclid=IwAR044aN6EXd1obCyTYxyJ4m9UkPa_mvhE39qWJ54pw8sKt
CGU2W4nH4pnAE
Goswani, C. (2016). Physicochemical parameters of Jackfruit seeds in
different growing Areas. International Journal of Bioresearch 2(10), 01-
05. Retrieved from http://www.jackfruitseeds+growing
areas/jackfruitmusa.html
J. Environ. Chem. Eng. (2015). Adsorption of reactive orange 13 onto
jackfruit seed flakes in aqueous solution. Retrieve from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S221242922
2001997
Janick, J., Paull, R. E., (2008). The Encyclopedia of Fruit and Nuts. CABI
Publishing Series. Retrieve from http://books.google.fr/books?
id=cjHCoMQNkcgC
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Ma’arif, M. S., Putri, R. T., & Anam, K. (2019). Effect of Bio-based Adhesive
on Tensile Strength and Bending of Balsa Wood Adhesive
Joint. International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 11(5), 72–79.
Retrieved from
https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/ijie/article/view/3712
Marzouk, M., Abdelhamid, M., & Elsheikh, M. (2013). Selecting sustainable
building materials using system dynamics and ant colony
optimization. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape
Management, 21(4), 237-247. Retrieve from
https://doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2013.788506
Mitall, K.L.(2009). Handbook of Sealant Technology (1st ed). CRC Press.
Retrieve from https://books.google.com.ph/books?
hl=en&lr=&id=0VJD6MzH9D8C&oi=fnd&pg=PA311&dq=melting
%20properties%20roof
%20sealant&ots=q8kRtDjmzj&sig=XArvk7g0iPvKc0de385FVtRup5w&r
edir_esc=y&fbclid=IwAR2NA7mdFVf3bfjG0ksPaVdEs6hOd82_eKwdUK
7aq15UI31QWE9pWTG830s#v=onepage&q=melting%20properties
%20roof%20sealant&f=false
Morton, J. F., 1987. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus). In: Fruits of warm
climates, Miami, FL, 58-64 Retrieve from
https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/jackfruit_ars.html#Food
%20Uses
48
Prem. J.V. (2015). Chemistry and medicinal properties of jackfruit
(artocarpus heterophyllus): A review on current status of knowledge.
International Journal of Innovative Research and Review 3(2), 83-95.
Retrieved on February 5, 2020 from
http://www.prezi.com/cuvawwtdx7/jackfruit-accuminatal
Reddy, B.R., Palmer, A.V. (2004). Patent No. US8062999B2. Retrieved from
https://patents.google.com/patent/US8062999B2/en
Samrot, A. V., & Sean, T. C. (2022). Investigating the Antioxidant and
Antimicrobial Activity of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Jackfruit)
Latex. (2021b). Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 12(3),
3019–3033. https://doi.org/10.33263/briac123.30193033
Team WFM. (2016). What is the difference between adhesives and sealants?
Retrieve from https://www.wfm.co.in/what-is-the- difference-
between-adhesives- sealants/
Than, J. (2017). Hydrophobic Interactions. Libretexts Chemistry. Retrieved
from
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y/Physical_Properties_of_Matter/Atomic_and_Molecular_Properties/
Intermolecular_Forces/Hydrophobic_Interactions
49
Appendices
Locating the source
Getting the jackfruit
Cutting the Jackfruit
50
Extracting the jackfruit sap
Storing the jackfruit sap
Measuring the jackfruit sap
51
Measuring the plaster of paris
Mixing ingredients altogether
Storing the final product in the

container
52
53
Curriculum Vitae
I. Personal Details
Name: Johnlloyd Y. Vitorillo
Home Address: Brgy. Canlanipa, Purok-1,
Date of Birth: October 17, 2004
Place of Birth: Surigao City
Citizenship: Filipino
Civil Status: Single
Contact Number: 09317513447
Name of Father: Juanito Vitorillo
Name of Mother: Elona Vitorillo
II. Educational Attainment
Senior High School: Surigao Del Norte National High School
Peñaranda Street, Surigao City 2021-2023
Junior High School: Taft National High School
Nueva Street, Surigao City 2017-2021
Elementary School: Surigao City Pilot School 2011-2017

54
Curriculum Vitae
I. Personal Details
Name: Michael John Lloyd I. Luzada
Home Address: Brgy. Taft Peñaranda St.,
Date of Birth: July 27, 2004
Name of Father: Joebell Q. Luzada
Name of Mother: Leah I. Luzada
Junior High School: Surigao Del Norte National High School

55
Curriculum Vitae
I. Personal Details
Name: Keneth Jay Mondragon
Home Address: Purok-8, Navalca, Surigao
Date of Birth: August 8, 2002
Name of Father: Jose Mondragon
Name of Mother: Norma Encarnacion
Elementary School: R. Ecleo Cagdianao Dinagat Island

56
Curriculum Vitae
I. Personal Details
Name: Nichole Rose M. Siaboc
Home Address: Lower Libas Tagana-an, SDN
Date of Birth: April 3, 2005
Name of Father: Roque M. Siaboc Jr.
Name of Mother: Nicolasita M. Siaboc

57
Curriculum Vitae
I. Personal Details
Name: Ma. Cecelia E. Salazar
Home Address: Nueva Extension, Surigao
Name of Father: Ciciliano P. Salazar
Name of Mother: Marlyn E. Salazar
Junior High School: Taft National High School
Nueva Street, Surigao City 2017-2021
Elementary School: Mariano Espina Memorial Central Elementary
School (MEMCES) 2011-2017
58
Curriculum Vitae
I. Personal Details
Name: Nichole Rose M. Siaboc
Home Address: Lower Libas Tagana-an, SDN
Name of Father: Roque M. Siaboc Jr.
Name of Mother: Nicolasita M. Siaboc

59
Curriculum Vitae
I. Personal Details
Name: April Jane Poray
Home Address: Pantalan-1, Sarvida Street,
Name of Father: Edgar L. Poray
Name of Mother: Jovelyn G. Lumbre
Elementary School: Surigao City Central Elementary School 2011-2017

60

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Surigao del Norte National High School

Peñaranda St., Surigao City

The Feasibility of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Sap

as One of the Additive Components

in Making Roof Sealant

the Faculty of the Senior High School

SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Peñaranda St., Surigao City

of the Requirements for Senior High School

Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion (3I’s) and Capstone

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

April Jane Poray

Keneth Jay Mondragon

Ma. Cecelia Salazar

Michael John Lloyd Luzada

Nichole Rose Siaboc

The purpose of this experiment was to test the feasibility of Jackfruit

sap as one of the additive components in making a roof sealant. The

procurement of the ingredients was gathered in the laboratory where the

experiment took place. The sealant samples undergo a thorough process to

prove the feasibility of Jackfruit sap as one of the additive components in

particular role as a sealant, and it is showed that the Jackfruit sap is

feasible as a one of the additive components in making roof sealant.

Key terms: Jackfruit sap, Roof Sealant, Additive components

We are the researchers would like to express our appreciation to the

individuals who’ve extended their help in conducting this research paper

to be successful. Primarily, we would like to thank our parents who

patiently supported us financially, spiritually, and morally from the start

of conducting the study up until the finished product. Their supports

boosted us spiritually in accomplishing what we’ve started. Also, we

would like to express our appreciation to them for being understanding

appreciation to our research adviser/capstone project teacher, Ms.

Nessel D. Auditor, for her continuous guide, support, advice, patience,

study. Lastly, to the researcher’s friends, for their never-ending support,

may it be in terms of emotional and moral support. They’ve been a big

part of this study.

TITLE PAGE …………………………………………. i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT …………………………………………. iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………. iv

Chapter 1-THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Conceptual Framework ………………………………………… 11

Statement of the Problem …………………………………… 14

Significance of the Study ………………………..… 15

Scope and Limitations of the Study ……………………. … 16

Definition of Terms ……………………………… 17

Chapter 2 - REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE …….………..… 18

Chapter 3 - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design …………………..…………..…. 29

Research Locale …………………………………………. 29

Materials and Procedure …………………………………... 30

Chapter 4 – RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results and Discussions ………………………………... 35

Chapter 5 - SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

Table Title Page

1 Distribution of Population and Respondent……………

Figure Title Page

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND