Management Perspectives

from
History
and
Scriptures
Class – 1
31 October 2023
IIM Nagpur
Sandeep Singh
 Mythology
Our ancestors used stories to pass on the knowledge and wisdom.
For example, we have the story of Chandra (Moon) marrying the 27 daughters of King Daksha.
The story was designed as a powerful way of teaching.
The 27 daughters are the nakshatras and the story goes that Chandra favoured Rohini more than his other
wives.
This is an astronomical observation that has been observed and presented as an interesting story.
To someone who is not looking for such data all this is just a story or myth.
Our ancestors observed that every day the moon would appear in the eastern horizon at a different time and
therefore in a different backdrop.
They also noticed that it is taking approximately 27 days to go back to the same phase, so they divided the
entire ecliptic into 27 segments and each segment is 13 and 1/3 degrees.
It’s not enough to divide it, one must also recognize it.
So, in order to recognize it our forefathers named it after the principal brightest star in each segment of the sky
and that’s how we have different nakshatra.

Cont..
 Mythology
Raj Vedam studied how often various nakshatras are occulted by moon. In the four-year period 2014 to 2018
Rohini which is Aldebaran, was a occulted 56 times by the moon and the next nearest one was Krithika.
Krithika occultation ended in 2009 or 2008 that time frame and there were 24 occultations.
24 occultations with Kritika and about 56 with Rohini and it will repeat all over after 19 years.
So, our forefathers had observed that there was such a phenomenon happening over nineteen-year period.
They compared how often does a moon visit his wives and finally, figure out that he likes Rohini more than the
others.
So that astronomical wisdom is encoded in a Puranic story, a romantic Puranic story. It is so easy to
remember that Chandra loved Rohini but we all lost the key to unlocking that wisdom.

Science in stories…..Raj Vedam…moon …..

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpviXzrQo3s
https://dharmorakshtirakshitah.wordpress.com/2015/04/21/hello-world/
• Smriti: “Recollection” that class of Hindu sacred literature based on human memory,

• Shruti: “What Is Heard”, or the product of divine revelation .. the Vedas

Preserve it, “you can’t burn it” and “Pronunciation”

Samudramanthan, Suvarnabhumi Airport in Bangkok, Thailand
Samudra Manthan First Industrial Activity
One of the first industrial activities documented in the Puranas is the

Saagar Manthan

(Churning of the Ocean).

The Churning of the Cosmic Ocean (the Milky Way) is told in several ancient texts.

Story of Saagar Manthan appears in Shrimad Bhaagavat, Mahabharata, Vishnu Purana, and Ramayana

Is celebrated in a major way every twelve years in a festival known as Kumbha Mela.
Representation of Treasures from the Name
Ocean of Milk
Flying Horse Ucchaishrava
Power
Conch shell trumpet Paanchajanya
Bow Saaranga
White Elephant Airaavata

Pleasure Nymph Rambhaa

Garland of flowers Vaijayanti
Wine Varuni
God of love Kaama

Health God of Health Dhanavantari

Nectar of immortality Amrit

Prosperity Wish fulfilling cow Kaamadhenu

Desire fulfilling tree Kalpavriksha
Dream realizing gem Kaustubha
Pot of plenty Akshaya Paatra
Goddess of prosperity Lakshmi

Pollution Cosmic Poison Vish

 Worship

Remember
“Udyog” is the word for “Industry” in Bharat,

Yoga karmasu kaushalam - Shri Krishna, Bhagavad Gita,

" योगः कर्मसु कौशलर्् " (Excellence in Karma is Yoga)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yCEQij96kI8
• Rajneesh said “Yoga is self-effort. Yoga has no priests. It has only masters who have attained by
their own effort; and in their light you have to learn how to attain yourself. ..Yoga believes in effort, in
tremendous effort.” He further says “Yoga is not just an idea, it is a practice, it is abhyaas, it is a
discipline, it is a science of inner transformation. And remember nobody can start it for you. You
have to start it yourself. Yoga teaches you to trust yourself; Yoga teaches you to become confident
of yourself. Yoga teaches you that the journey is alone. A master can indicate the way, but you have
to follow it.”

• The concluding verse of the Bhagavad Gita says: “where a valiant fighter like Arjuna follows the
wisdom of Shri Krishna, the Lord of all Yogas, there must come wealth, success, general welfare of
the masses, and constant justice.”
An index to an advanced stage of trade,
and its essential element, the recovery of
this balance and weights from Mohenjo-Daro
suggests that Harappan settlers not only
Pursued systematic trade activities but also had
in prevalence weights and measures ensuring
accuracy, consistency, transparency and fairness of trade-system and
commercial behaviour. Far ahead of the primitive measuring vessels
of bartering goods Harappan settlers maintained consistent standards
of weights and regularized weights' based pricing system. Though re-
fabricated, this balance is estimated to be about four and a half millenniums
old. These finds attest with great certainty the advanced stage of trade
amongst Harappan settlers.
http://www.nationalmuseumindia.gov.in/en/blog-curators-corners/view?id=NA==
Weighing Scale - Mohanjodaro

Shigeo Iwata describes the excavated weights unearthed from the Indus civilisation:

A total of 558 weights were excavated from Mohenjodaro, Harappa, and Chanhu-daro, not including
defective weights. They did not find statistically significant differences between weights that were
excavated from five different layers, each measuring about 1.5 m in depth. This was evidence that
strong control existed for at least a 500-year period. The 13.7-g weight seems to be one of the units
used in the Indus valley. The notation was based on the binary and decimal systems. 83% of the
weights which were excavated from the above three cities were cubic, and 68% were made of chert.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8iI1xbBIi_Y

14th Minute

- Tuladhar – Nepal
Strategy as Svikalap (Choice)
Ratan Tata in his interview said: “I think all companies need to keep looking at their business definition
and, possibly from time to time, to see if that definition needs to be redefined. If you take the example
of Tata Steel, they could say that they are a Steel company and find themselves in a shrinking market
where Steel is under threat of being replaced by some other material.

The question is: what do we call ourselves? One view was that steel is a material, so can we be a
materials company? We don't have to be in all materials, but can we be in composites, can we be in
Plastics, Laminates, etc? The Automotive business needs to think similarly, and so does the
Chemicals business. We have to keep looking at ourselves and asking: what is our business? You can
look at yourself as an Iron-Ore company making Steel. Or you can look at yourself as a materials
provider. I prefer the latter definition.
https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/cadbury-adds-chocolatey-touch-to-kolkata-
mishti/article20394562.ece

Cadbury adds chocolatey touch to Kolkata ‘mishti'

Purvita Chatterjee Mumbai | Updated on March 12, 2018 Published on February 07, 2012
Kolkatans' sweet-tooth has been getting a tasty new bite — ‘chocolate' sandesh. Instead of
trying to beat the mithaiwala in Kolkata, with its huge sweet-eating population, Cadbury India
(now part of Kraft Foods) has decided to join them by making sweets with CDM (Cadbury
Dairy Milk) in them under its latest initiative — ‘Cadbury Mishti Shera Shrishti'
(Ultimate mithai created with Cadbury).
Strategy as Sahyog (co-operation)
Although critically important, competitive advantage is not the ultimate goal. Competitive advantage is
essential to strategy. But it is only part of a bigger story, one page in a book. The book is about Sahyog
(Co-operation)
• Bill Gates: Steve Jobs was "fundamentally odd," and "weirdly flawed as a human being“
• Steve Jobs: "Bill is basically unimaginative and has never invented anything, which is why I think he’s
more comfortable now in philanthropy than technology"
• N R Narayana Murthy said, “We have also demonstrated that it is possible for two competitors to
maintain an open and harmonious relationship, which even allows them to share information. In fact,
there is a certain level at which we need to collaborate. For example, Azim Premji, Chairman of
Wipro Technologies, and I are very good friends. At least once every two months, we meet to examine
and discuss industry issues that are generic for both our companies. At the end of that exercise, both
of us emerge winners”. (21st July 2000, Ideas that worked)
B M Munjal
I have lost a person whom I called my Guru: Rahul Bajaj

In an exclusive article for TOI, Bajaj Auto chairman Rahul Bajaj Pays Tribute to Brijmohan Lall Munjal I
have known Brijmohan Lallji since 1970. But in these over 40 years I have not heard anyone say negative
things about him. Over the years, we fought very fiercely in the marketplace first, with Hero Honda and
then with Hero MotoCorp. There was no give and take. Yet, we remained very good friends all these
years. Whenever we met, he gave me tremendous regard and I received genuine love and affection..

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/I-have-lost-a-person-whom-I-called-my-
Guru-Rahul-Bajaj/articleshow/49622797.cms
B M Munjal

Several years ago, at the Delhi Auto Show, I saw Rajiv Bajaj get up from an interview, in which he was
castigating some of his competitors, to greet Munjal the moment he saw him inside his stall.

I could see only respect in Mr Bajaj's body language as he showed Munjal around - it was as if he was
with an elderly statesman, not a rival.

https://www.rediff.com/business/report/column-brijmohan-lall-munjal-did-something-mncs-could-
never-do/20151106.htm
mjunction
• The joint venture between SAIL and Tata Steel has become India’s largest B2B e-commerce company

• From a business-to-business (B2B) electronic auction solutions provider, mjunction Services Limited,
has gradually diversified and transformed into an integrated digital e-marketplace.

• As it expands and diversifies to offer new services, the 20-year-old joint venture promoted by SAIL
and Tata Steel, is looking at playing a much larger role in the country’s digital marketplace, while
helping overseas companies to be part of the development process.

• mjunction has become country’s largest B2B e-commerce company, handling buy and sell transactions
and has achieved a transaction value of ₹1,39,824 crore in FY 2021. This transaction value is the total
monetary value of goods and services transacted on its platforms with more than 3 lakh entities
transacting on the platforms.

• With over 900 resources and presence in more than 60 locations in India.

- e-commerce. mjunction transforms from e-auction solutions provider to integrated e-marketplace,

27 July 2021, thehindubusinessline.com
Contd.
mjunction

• By December 2000, SAIL, Tata Steel and Kalyani Steels Ltd had signed
the joint venture agreement to manage their steel e-marketplace.

• Dr. J.J. Irani, erstwhile MD, Tata Steel recollects, “Further discussion
showed that Tata Steel might not be big enough by itself to launch this
project. So we decided to rope in SAIL as well and planned a 50:50 JV.
At that point, Mr Kalyani of Bharat Forge also showed an interest. He
wanted one-third share but we maintained that Tata Steel and SAIL
would be major partners. Finally we agreed on sharing in the proportion
of 40:40:20 and for a few months, Mr Kalyani worked with us. However,
he had not made any financial contribution till then. Finally, Kalyani
opted out. So we went back to our original plan which was 50:50.

Contd.
 mjunction

Although the two companies are competitors, they then saw the possibilities of synergy
and growth in this venture and believed that 2+2 will make 5. The board of directors
of SAIL including the Chairman, Mr Arvind Pande, also supported the idea and the JV
started.

On the uniqueness of two competitors joining hands, Dr Irani commented, “It was
Tata Steel who offered and SAIL readily took up the offer. In the 70s and 80s, we were
not really competitors. It was more like a duopoly. We even used to share technical
details and solve problems in steel making and, procurement of raw materials. We were
not allowed to grow by the government. We actually always looked upon SAIL as our
big brother. We have always been cooperating with one another and we looked upon
this venture as another opportunity. And there was not any moment when there was
doubt or suspicion in anybody’s mind.”

Contd.
 mjunction

On whether this joint venture elicited any reaction from the Government, Dr
Irani commented, “Nobody said that it was a cartel or anything like that.
Nobody said that. Everybody saw a gain. No one thought of anything negative
arising from this venture. We were just taking advantage of our combined volume,
both in sales and purchase.”

Contd.
 mjunction
Arvind Pandey, Chairman, SAIL: When Dr J.J. Irani and I discussed the
possibilities of setting up our own platform, there were no hassles. We have always
had good working relationship with Tata Steel. We were the only two major players in
the country for long. Markets were bad at that time. We were ready to try whatever
we could. We were looking for international partners but that did not materialize.

So when this proposal came along, there was a fair amount of skepticism. It was
perceived by us as an experiment. We were not thinking of prime products on this
venture. As the steel industry was facing a difficult period, India Steel Alliance was
formed. A collective fear was leading to more collaboration. Against this background,
our joint venture idea came up.

Contd.
 mjunction
Then a task force was constituted by both Tata Steel and SAIL. Dr Sanak Mishra was
the Chairman of the task force set up by SAIL. They were given a mandate to
develop a collaborative approach to setting up an e-commerce joint venture. The
steel market was suffering a recession and both companies could offer more
volumes. Tata Steel also had expertise in IT and installation of SAP and SAIL also
had some expertise. By pooling this expertise, we felt that we could work together.

Contd.
 mjunction
Within SAIL, there were issues of our procedures, vigilance and public accountability.
In the public sector, there is much larger accountability and there is the need to be
accountable not only to your shareholders, but also the public and the government.
We had to go slow. On the concept, there was no issue at the Board level but at the
lower level the idea that such transparency would improve governance took some
time to seep in. This process of ecommerce was being looked upon as a tool. There
was resistance within SAIL about joining hands with a private partner. We convinced
people that this was a new area where we did not have any pre-existing competition.
The new area needed a lot of expertise and so collaboration would be useful to the
Company.”

In practice, there was reluctance on the part of Tata Steel to transfer all expertise to
metaljunction.
Contd.
 mjunction
Mr Mihir Kumar Moitra, erstwhile member of the Board of Directors of
metaljunction representing SAIL and also the first Chairman of metaljunction
recalls:

“At that time, both the manufacturing and steel industries were in the dumps. Both Tata
Steel and SAIL were just surviving and disposing of their assets. Arvind Pande was very
positive. SAIL and Tata Steel had a healthy rivalry like those of brothers. There never
was any mudslinging. It was the finest example of what competition should be. The
joining of hands by Tata Steel and SAIL was a funny relationship. Cultural distinction
existed but both were averse to too much risk taking. Tata Steel was also conservative
then.

When this venture came about, nobody gave it much hope. We did not want 51% share
as then it would become public sector. Lot of other similar companies had faded away
and so we did not pin much hope on it success. There was general despondency all
around and SAIL was skeptical about the JV.
 ॐ सह नाववतु ।
सह नौ भुनक्तु ।
सह वीर्यं करवावहै ।
तेजस्वव नावधीतमवतु मा ववद्ववषावहै ।
ॐ शास््तिः शास््तिः शास््तिः ॥
Om Saha Nau-Avatu |
Saha Nau Bhunaktu |
Saha Viiryam Karavaavahai |
Tejasvi Nau-Adhiitam-Astu Maa Vidvissaavahai |
Om Shaantih Shaantih Shaantih ||

Aum! May He protect us both together;

may He nourish us both together;
May we work conjointly with great energy,
May our study be vigorous and effective;
May we not mutually dispute (or may we not hate any).
Aum! Shaantih Shaantih Shaantih ||

Taittiriya Upanishad (2.2.2)

• Let us together (-saha) be protected (-na vavatu) and let us together be
nourished (-bhunaktu) by God's blessings.
• Let us join the our mental forces together for strength (-veeryam) to benefit
humanity (-karvaa vahai).
• Let our efforts at learning be filled with light (-tejasvi) and joy, and be driven by
the force of purpose (-vadhita mastu).
• Let us never (-maa) be poisoned (-vishaa) with hatred for anyone.
• Let there be peace and serenity (-shaantih) everywhere.
The day will come when men will study history from a different light
and find that competition is neither the cause nor the effect, simply a
thing on the way, not necessary to evolution at all

- Swami Vivekananda
Management Perspective
from
History
and
Scriptures
Class – 2
1 November 2023
IIM Nagpur
Sandeep Singh
• Ships displacing 800 to 1000 tons, built of teak at Daman, were superior to
their British counterpart both in design and durability. This so agitated
British ship builders on the River Thames that they protested against the
use of Indian built ships to carry trade from England.

• The famous British Act of navigation of 1651, stipulated "no goods

whatever of the growth, produce or manufacture of Asia, Africa or America
should be imported into England or Ireland or any of the plantations,
except directly in ships belonging to English subjects, of which the Master
and the greater number of the crew were Englishmen.”
• In 1811, Fort William in Bengal imposed double import duty on goods
carried by non- British built ships. Fort St George in Madras and Fort St
David in Bombay followed suit in 1812 & 1813 respectively.
• East Indian Company recorded that the Bhavanagar built Indian ship 'Daria
Daulat' was sound even after 87 years of service for East India Company,
first in Surat then in Mumbai.
• Between 1781 and 1821, ships built at The Hooghly river alone aggregated
1,22,713 Tons.
• Shipyards in Beypore, near Calicut even built warships for Royal Navy. One
such ship of the line was part of Nelson's fleet at Trafalgar on 2 Oct 1805.
• American National Anthem "The Star Spangled Banner", was composed by
Francis Key when he was on a visit to Baltimore, and was sitting on the
decks of the ship MINDEN bult in Bombay.
• When Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama discovered Europe-to-India sea
route in 1497, a Kutchi sailor, Kanji Malam, navigated him to Calicut from
Malindi on east African coast. German author Justus says it was Malam
who accompanied Vasco.
• Italian researcher Sinthia Salvadori too has concluded that it was Malam
who showed Gama the way to India in her work 'We Came In Dhows’

Video
Inscribed on a pillar known as Baan Stambh at Somnath Mandir. It means
the mandir is situated at such a place that there is no land in astraight line
between Somnath seashore and South Pole at that particular longitude.
• Financial Year

• Double Entry Book Keeping

• Jantar Mantar

• Ujjain
• The Christian calendar is Solar and the Muslim calendar is Lunar. The Hindu or
Bharateeya calendar is ingeniously based on both the Sun and Moon and it uses a
Solar year but divides it into 12 Lunar months.
• Bharateeya calendar has an appropriate rhyme with the nature. The Bharateeya
calendar is based on the distance between the Sun and the Moon and the periodic
movement of the planets.
• It is also based on the annual weather cycle that matches with Indian festivals. The
Hindu calendar corresponds to seasons. Based on astronomy, Zodiacs keep shifting
in the Bharateeya calendar and hence occurrence of seasons and festivals depends
on the position of the Zodiacs. “Zodiac is the ring of constellations that lines the
ecliptic, which is the apparent path of the Sun across the sky over the course of a
year,” Moon and the planets also lie within the ecliptic that determines the
occurrence of months and seasons.
• In the Bharateeya calendar, seasons follow Sun, months follow Moon, and days,
follow both Sun and Moon.
• Panchaang, a Sanskrit word, means ‘five limbs’ which refers to the fact
that every panchaang includes five basic elements of Tithi (lunar day),
Nakshatra (the constellation Moon is aligned with), Karana (half-day),
Yoga (a particular angle of the sun and moon) and Vara or Vasara
(Solar weekday).
• Skanda Narayanan states: From Tithi the stages of growth and decay,
from the Varas longer life, from Nakshatra the seizure of bad actions,
from Yoga the cure of ill-health, from Karana the result of the work,
with all these the calendar or Panchang gives the required results.”
Robert de Nobili (1577-1656)
• The Roman Catholic priest came to Madurai in 1606 was best known for his
donning of saffron robe and calling himself as a Sanyasi. He claimed that he
recovered the lost fifth veda by the Brahmins and circulated it as Yasur Veda, by
fabricating manuscripts, but the Protestants exposed his trick.
• He was specifically sent to Madurai with particular instructions from Rome after
studies and ordination at Vatican (1600-03) and Lisbon (1603-05).
• He came from the family of Pope Julius III and Gregory XIII (1572-1585), who
introduced the Gregorian calendar. He had collaborated with Matteo Ricci (who
was in Goa 1611-1615) in Indianizing Christianity.
• Sivadarma a Telugu Brahmin taught him Sanskrit from 1608 to 1609. With his
help, particularly, after his conversion in 1609, many manuscripts were collected.
Sivadarma evidently copied and gave other manuscripts to Nobili, which were
circulated as Yasur Vedam.
• It is evident that the controversy was projected to hide the intention and fact of
collection of Indian astronomical, mathematical and scientific tables from India
to Italy.
• Thus, both had indulged in collecting, copying Indian manuscripts. Later some of
these had reached the hands of Voltaire also. He collected astronomical works
and tables of Tamilnadu and studied the calendar making method adopted by the
South Indians. At one side he criticized the Vedanga Jyotisa, whereas on the
other side, he was collecting all such astronomical works and tables.
• In fact, he was also discussing about Galileo’s tables with Indian astronomers.
• Here, one Antoniod Rubino played a role. As Ricco collected astronomical works
from Cochin, he did the same from Madurai.
It is important to understand that in Britain at this time,
the Julian Calendar, first established by the Romans, was
still in force. This accounted 25th March as the first day of
the new year. Therefore the 12th January, referred to in the
previous paragraph was still part of the year 1696. However,
the Julian calendar was proving to be very inefficient, as it
Actually gave an error of 11 minutes 14 seconds every year,
which amounted to almost one and a half days over 200 years.
To correct this, the Ggregorian Calendar had been introduced….
Insurance agreement Insurance agreement
for goods being sent from for goods being sent from
Amritsar to Mumbai Mumbai to China
 Maths
 The first math war in Europe was from 10th to 16th centuries, during which time it took
Europe 500 years to accept the zero, because the church considered it to be heresy.
 The second math war was over the Indian concept of individuals, which led to the theory
of real numbers and infinitesimals, paving the way for the development of calculus. This
war lasted three centuries, from the 17th to 19th centuries.
- Clash of epistemologies Prof. C K Raju
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KItkWXQKV98
• Chaturbhuj Temple Gwalior History In Hindi || Chaturbhuj Mandir History In Hindi ||
 ॐ पूर्णमदः पूर्णममदं पूर्णणत्पूर्णमुदच्यते ।
पूर्णस्य पूर्णमणदणय पूर्णमेवणवमिष्यते ॥
ॐ िणन्तः िणन्तः िणन्तः ॥

Om Puurnnam-Adah Puurnnam-Idam Puurnnaat-Puurnnam-Udacyate |

Puurnnasya Puurnnam-Aadaaya Puurnnam-Eva-Avashissyate ||
Om Shaantih Shaantih Shaantih ||

Om, That is complete, This is complete, From the completeness comes the completeness
If completeness is taken away from completeness, Only completeness remains
Om, Shaantih Shaantih Shaantih
- Brihadaranyaka Upanishad and Ishavasya Upanishad
Of those ninety-six achievements, only two were attributed to non-white, non-Western
scientists: the invention of zero in India in the early centuries of the common era and the
astronomical observations of Maya and Hindus in A.D. 1000. Even these two
accomplishments were muted by the editors of Science. The Indians were given credit only
for creating the "symbol for zero," rather than the concept itself. The Mayan and Hindu
"skywatchers" (the word astronomer was not used) made their observations, according to
the journal, for "agricultural and religious purposes" only.
- Lost Discoveries: The Ancient Roots of Modern Science-from the Babylonians to the Maya, 2003 by
Dick Teresi
• Dwarka
• Pregnant Shark Whales would beach on the Gujarat coast, especially
between Somnath and Dwarka. This patch has one of the largest
concentrations of fisherman and they used to beat the whales to death.
Whale meat commands a huge price in the Export market. Witnessing this;
wildlife activist appealed to the Saint to help stop this practice, who agreed
to talk to the fisherman. Saint had a simple message. He asked the
fisherman, “How can you beat the Shark Whale. She is your daughter who
has come to the parents’ home to rest and deliver a baby.” Fishermen then
virtually adopted the whale as a totem. No secularist environmentalist, no
Green Peace movement could have spoken such a language or would have
had such a profound impact
• The question is not whether culture has a role but how to understand this role in the
context of the broader determinants of prosperity. Economic culture is defined as
the beliefs, attitudes and values that bear on the economic activities of individuals,
organizations and other institutions.
• - Michael Porter
 Reform/ Sudhar
• Reform means beneficial change. Reform is generally distinguished from
revolution. The latter means radical change; whereas reform may be no more than
fine tuning, or at most redressing serious wrongs without altering the fundamentals
of the system. Reform seeks to improve the system as it stands, never to overthrow
it wholesale.
• Dr J J Irani once said, “Mr Vishwanathan, my first boss; is no longer
around, but there's a truism of his that has remained with me down the
years. On the day that I joined operations, he called me over for dinner at his
place. 'We all know you have been working for a more efficient company
(British Steel)', he said, 'but don't try teaching our workers here how to make
Steel; they'll feel offended. Try to win them over by making them change
from within.”
• Social Change is termed as revolution, renaissance or reform depending
upon its distinct characteristic, pace and intensity.
• Revolution means turning around the social soil that has remained
unchanged for generations. Without considerable upturn of that top
soil, the harvest of development cannot be reaped.
• Renaissance is a re-awakening, a rebirth of the spirit of a civilization.
• Reform is radical, going to the roots.
 Reforms and Upanishad
“… for such religious principles as will be in consonance with Liberty,
Equality and Fraternity, it may not be necessary for you to borrow from
foreign sources, and that you could draw for such principles on the
Upanishads.”
- ‘Annihilation of Caste’, Dr. B R Ambedkar
 Satyavachan

• Strategy As Satyavachan (Promise): “I think the world over, realisation has dawned
that, as economies develop and consumers have more spending power, people don't
buy products; they buy a promise.”
- Subhash Kak in 'The Wishing Tree: The Presence and Promise of Hinduism'
• “A promise is a promise”, said Ratan Tata unveiling the 'People's Car' which
would have a dealer price of Rs 1 lakh only, “It was at the Geneva Motor show
that the Financial Times reporter asked me about the car (Nano) and what it
would cost and I said about 100,000 rupees. It got flashed, that's how it
happened.”
• S Shivkumar wrote in Business World about e-choupal, “If a dealer is appointing
one key distribution figure in a village, he can't sign a contract with him to ensure
compliance as he does in the cities. There are no written contracts. That our
choupal sanchaalaks function effectively because of a public oath they take
(affirming that they will deliver the choupal service to villagers without
discrimination) instead of a six-page legal contract with us.”
 White Knight
• A white knight is a hostile takeover defense whereby a 'friendly' individual or
company acquires a corporation at fair consideration when it is on the verge of
being taken over by an 'unfriendly' bidder or acquirer. The unfriendly bidder is
generally known as the "black knight."
• Although the target company does not remain independent, acquisition by a white
knight is still preferred to the hostile takeover. Unlike a hostile takeover, current
management typically remains in place in a white knight scenario, and investors
receive better compensation for their shares.
 White Knight
• Cut to August this year. When an arm of Reliance Industries Ltd (RIL) picked up 14.12 per cent stake
in hotelier EIH Ltd, Mukesh Ambani donned a new avatar. As a white knight, Ambani helped EIH
owner Prithvi Raj Oberoi counter a possible bid by ITC Ltd. The cigarette-to-hospitality-to-FMCG
major has mopped up 14.98 per cent stake in the hotel company over the years.
• By bringing in a strong third shareholder with a large stake, Oberoi managed to shore up his defences
against ITC. ‘‘If ITC, with 14.98 per cent stake, executed an open offer, there was no way the Oberois
could have countered it. At best, they could have raised their stake by 5 per cent every year,’’...
• In one fell swoop, Oberoi managed to pit a stronger force (RIL) against ITC, in effect neutralising the
marauder, had it decided to launch an open offer. ITC has maintained for a decade that it would not
launch a hostile bid for EIH, but its stake was too high for the Oberoi’s comfort.
-As M&A activity picks up, white knights are riding into India Inc, 20 June 2013, business-standard.com
 White Knight
• In the early 1990s, group founder Dhirubhai Ambani had acted as a white knight to
help ward off a takeover threat faced by engineering and construction conglomerate
Larsen and Toubro Ltd (L&T) from the late Manu Chhabria, who then retreated from
the race. That allowed the Ambanis enough room to mount a raid of their own on
L&T, with the help of the government; a move that was stymied when a new
government took over at the Centre.
- Reliance turns white knight, buys EIH stake, 30 Aug 2010, livemint.com
Management Perspective from History and Scriptures

Class – 3
2 November 2013
IIM Nagpur
Sandeep Singh
 ▪ Swadharma is the 'law of becoming'. Social harmony is
maintained by Swadharma. The counsel that a person
should follow his Swadharma, is a counsel for alert and
incessant introspection for ever – mindfulness, and for
deliberate, mindful action. Swadharma refers to the duty
which follows from the complete situation - the
individual's talent and aptitude, his very nature as well as
from the time and circumstances of the moment. And all

Swadharma these changes - by the individual's effort as well as by

factors beyond him. It is the individual who thinks
strategically not the organization. In order to think
strategically however individuals, require a context.
Organizations need to provide that context and to
manage the strategic conversations that occur within it.
Co-operation necessarily follows when each individual
has a high sense of social obligation and social
obligation is a part of the Swadharma of each individual.
 ▪ In Hindu tradition, work (assigned to an individual or
a group by the society) is necessary for the
sustenance of the society and thus is the Swadharma
(one's own duty). It is fulfillment of one's own
obligation to the society. Unlike what economists
maintain it is not the price for living, but a co-
Swadharma operation extended by the workers for the sustenance
of society, which supports their life. Swadharma
integrates and makes meaningful, the diversity of
creation and life-situations.
 ▪ Hitting out at the work culture of managers of British
firms, Corus and JLR, Tata Group Chairman Ratan Tata
has said "nobody is willing to go the extra mile" in
critical situations, while their Indian counterparts would
work till midnight in "a war-like situation".

Swadharma ▪ "It's a work-ethic issue. In my experience, in both Corus

and Jaguar-Land Rover (JLR) nobody is willing to go the
extra mile," he said in an interview with The Times
daily.
 ▪ The dabbawala in Mumbai does not deliver the dabba
on time day after day for decades without a mistake, in
search of recognition. He does it because in Bharateeya
ethos a person does not wants another to remain
hungry because of him/her. This Swadharma drives the
Swadharma dabbawala to keep his promise of timely and accurate
delivery. Swadharma integrates diversity of creation
and makes the life-situation meaningful.
 ▪ When work becomes a personal project and is done in
community, its character is wholly transformed. It
becomes a chance to innovate, fraternize, and serve. It
Swadharma becomes a form of prayer. It becomes a fulfilling
expression of the personality. It becomes Swadharma.
 The first component of devotion is love. Love is
primarily self-giving - giving oneself to your beloved
through feelings, thoughts, and deeds. So, devotion
involves offering oneself, loyally and with deep
affection.
The second principal component of devotion is
humility - humbling oneself before your beloved.
Samarpan Devotion, in the sense of special technique, is to love
and consciously humble oneself before the beloved,
spirit.

A person practicing this form of devotion strives daily to

let go of pride and arrogance - and offering of the self.
I was barely 30 and Lakshman was almost 60 years old. Every time we arrived at a destination, he would
run around the car to open the door for me. I suggested that I was young enough to do it myself. He said
that it was not me that he was concerned about but the car.

He didn’t want anyone to bang the door shut. He was striving to set a new standard for maintenance free
performance of cars before he retired in a year’s time. He was tracking the maintenance records of all the
company cars.

While all other cars had chalked up the usual high costs, costs for his car were negligible. There was no
scheme to hold drivers accountable for. Therefore no one other than Lakshman even knew what he was
striving for. He demonstrated to me, unforgettably, that pride in work and the pursuit of excellence are
hardly the exclusive purview of the educated elite. People want to do better. They want to be proud of
themselves.

- Arun Maira, Economic Times

Bhakti Yoga, the yoga of devotion

Bhakti Yoga emphasizes a deep and unwavering devotion to a personal deity or divine form. It
involves cultivating a loving relationship with the chosen deity through various practices, including
prayer, chanting sacred mantras, and singing devotional songs or bhajans. The method of Bhakti
Yoga encourages surrendering the ego and developing an attitude of selfless love and service
towards the divine. The aim is to transcend the limitations of the individual self and merge with the
divine essence.
In the Shvetashvatara Upanishad, "Bhakti"
means "devotion and love for any endeavour" and
not just specific to seeking the Divine.
Management Perspectives from History and Scriptures

Class – 5
4 November 2023
IIM Nagpur
Sandeep Singh
In a 2006 experiment in Newcastle University,
UK, psychologists put up either a picture of
flowers or a pair of eyes every week near the
unmanned collection box for coffee in the
common room. They had noticed that people
very often did not pay for the coffee they
drank. Monitoring the weekly collections, they
found that curiously, the weeks the eye-image
was displayed, people paid nearly three times
as much for their brew.
 लाभ

20XX presentation title 3

 हहिंद महासागर

20XX presentation title 4

“Hundreds of years ago, Indian artists created visual images of dancing Shivas in a beautiful series of
bronzes. In our time, physicists have used the most advanced technology to portray the patterns of
the cosmic dance. The metaphor of the cosmic dance thus unites ancient mythology, religious art and
modern physics,”.
- Fritjof Capra, physicist, systems theorist and the author of ‘The Tao of Physics’
o Over 500-year-old Vijaya Vittala Mandir in Hampi has 56 pillars, each 3.6 metres high,
which when gently tapped produce delicate musical notes. Together, they hold up the
15th-century ‘Ranga Mantapa’. Primary larger pillars are surrounded by seven smaller
pillars and each ‘play’ one of the seven notes in the Bhartiya classical music scale. Made
of pieces of huge resonant stone, the cluster of musical pillars vary in height and width,
in order to produce the different tones.
o Vijaya Vittala is not the only mandir to have musical pillars. For around 200 years, these
harmonious hallmarks represented an exciting revolution in architecture from the 14th to
16th century.
o The Nellaiappar Mandir in Tirunelveli boasts a line of musical pillars, which are arranged
so that when one pillar is tapped, a neighbouring one reverberates, producing a bell-like
sound.
o At the Airavateshwara mandir in Darasuram, a staircase leading into the mandir ‘play’ the
first seven notes of the Bhartiya classical music scale as someone walks on them.
o All the above mandirs are of Bhagwan Shiva, who is also known by the name of Nataraj
i.e., ‘Bhagwan of Dance’.
• “This wealth was created by the Hindu’s vast and varied industries. Nearly every kind of
manufacture or product known to the civilized world; nearly every kind of creation of Man’s brain
and hand, existing anywhere, and prized either for its utility or beauty had long, long been
produced in India.

• India was a far greater industrial and manufacturing nation than any in Europe or any other in
Asia. Her textile goods the fine products of her looms, in Cotton, Wool, Linen and Silk-were
famous over the civilized world; so were her exquisite jewellery and her precious stones cut in
every lovely form; so were her pottery, porcelains, ceramics of every kind, quality, colour and
beautiful shape; so were her fine works in metal iron, steel, silver and gold.

• She had great engineering works and architecture equal in beauty to any in the world. She had
great merchants, great businessman, great bankers and financiers. Not only was she the greatest
ship building nation, but she had great commerce and trade by land and sea which extended to all
known civilized countries. Such was the India which the British found when they came.”

India in Bondage: Her Right to Freedom – By Rev. Jabez T. Sunderland p.1- 61 and 196 -197
64 Arts
• Books:
• The Kalas by A Venkatasubbiah

• Sixty Four Arts in Ancient India by Anil Baran Ganguly

• Samavayasutra
11 People's talk
1. Writing of various scripts.
12. Citizens' talk
2. Computation.
13. A game played on a board of 64 squares.
3. Sculpture, painting, cutting forms in cloth, gold,
wood, etc.
14.The art of mixing water and clay
4. Dancing.
15. Rules relating to food
5. Singing
16. Rules relating to drink
6. Playing on musical instruments:
17. Rules relating to dwelling places.
7. Knowledge of the svaras

8. Playing the ' pushkara ', a kind of drum 18. Rules relating to beds.

9. Probably for ' sammatalarn, 1 9. Verses in Arya metre, and riddles.

1 0. Gambling 20. Verses in the Magadhi language.

21. The Gathas.
31. Marks of bulls
22. Verses in Sanskrit.
32. Marks of cocks
23. Preparation of perfumes by mixing different
substances. 33. Marks of goats

24. Wax ; i.e., probably, wax-modelling 34. Marks of discuses

25. Rules relating to ornaments. 35. Marks of umbrellas

26. How to adorn a young maiden.
36. Marks of sticks
27. Marks of women.
37. Marks of swords
28. Marks of men
38. Marks of gems
29. Marks of horses
39. Marks of Jewels
30. Marks of elephants
40. Marks of shields
41. Movement of the moon
51. The poison craft.
42. Movement of the sun
52. Antidotes to poisons
48. Movement of Rahu.
53. Arrangement of the army in different shapes
44. Movement of the planets
54. Counter-Vyuhas.
45. Art to make one happy
55. Measurement of camps.
46. Art to make one miserable
56. Measurement of cities.
47. What is contained in the Vidyas
57. Measurement of houses.
48. What is contained in the 'Mantras'.
58. How to lay out a camp; encamping.
49. What is contained in the 'Rahasyas'.
59. Building cities
50. Obscure
60. Building houses.
41. Movement of the moon
51. The poison craft.
42. Movement of the sun
52. Antidotes to poisons
48. Movement of Rahu.
53. Arrangement of the army in different shapes
44. Movement of the planets
54. Counter-Vyuhas.
45. Art to make one happy
55. Measurement of camps.
46. Art to make one miserable
56. Measurement of cities.
47. What is contained in the Vidyas
57. Measurement of houses.
48. What is contained in the 'Mantras'.
58. How to lay out a camp; encamping.
49. What is contained in the 'Rahasyas'.
59. Building cities
50. Obscure
60. Building houses.
61. Shooting arrows.
71. Fighting Avith sticks.
62. Sword-strokes
72. Fighting with fists, boxing.
63. Breaking and training of horses.
73. Fighting with bones (!)
64. Training of elephants
74. Fighting.
65. The science of the bow
75. Fighting in a mrlee.
66. Melting, combination, reduction to powder etc.,
of silver,
76. Fighting so as to surpass another's fighting,
67. Melting, combination, etc., of gold.
77. Playing with string.
68. Melting, combination, etc., of precious stones.
78. Playing with arrows
69. Melting, combination, etc., of minerals.
79. Vrittakrida
70. Blighting with hands.
80. Playing with bows
61. Shooting arrows.
71. Fighting Avith sticks.
62. Sword-strokes
72. Fighting with fists, boxing.
63. Breaking and training of horses.
73. Fighting with bones (!)
64. Training of elephants
74. Fighting.
65. The science of the bow
75. Fighting in a mrlee.
66. Melting, combination, reduction to powder etc.,
of silver,
76. Fighting so as to surpass another's fighting,
67. Melting, combination, etc., of gold.
77. Playing with string.
68. Melting, combination, etc., of precious stones.
78. Playing with arrows
69. Melting, combination, etc., of minerals.
79. Vrittakrida
70. Blighting with hands.
80. Playing with bows
81. Obscure. The Benares edition gives instead '
cammakheddam ' (playing with shields.)

82. Trimming of leaves in different shapes and

figures.

83. Making of eardrops, bracelets, etc., out of

gold, etc.

84. Cutting or trimming of leaves.

85. Gambling with animate things; i.e., betting on

cocks, horses, etc.

86. Gambling with inanimate things—dice,

87. Knowledge of the cries of birds.

The Vishnudharmottara Purana is encyclopedic in nature. Along with the
narratives, it also deals with cosmology, geography, astronomy, astrology,
division of time, pacification of unfavourbale planets and stars, genealogies
(mostly of kings and sages), manners and customs, penances, duties of
Vaishnavas, law and politics, war strategies, treatment of diseases of human
beings and animals, cuisine, grammar, metrics, lexicography, metrics, rhetoric,
dramaturgy, dance, vocal and instrumental music and arts. It is considered as a
supplement or appendix to the Vishnu Purana.

Vishnudharmottara is dated around sixth century AD, following the age of the
Guptas, often described as the Golden Age of Indian Arts.
It is perhaps the world’s oldest known treatise on art.
However, not much is known of its author, as is the case with most Indian texts.
Vishnudharmottara follows the traditional pattern of exploring the various
dimensions of a subject through conversations that take place between a
learned Master and an ardent seeker eager to learn and understand.

The view that the arts belong to the domain of the sacred and that there is a
connection between them is given most clearly in a famous passage in the
Vishnudharmottara Purana in which the sage Markandeya instructs the king
Vajra in the art of sculpture, teaching that to learn it one must first learn painting,
dance, and music:
Vajra: How should I make the forms of gods so that the image may always manifest the deity?
Markandeya: He who does not know the canon of painting (citrasutram) can never know the canon of image-
making (pratima lakshanam).
Vajra: Explain to me the canon of painting as one who knows the canon of painting knows the canon of image-
making.
Markandeya: It is very difficult to know the canon of painting without the canon of dance (nritta shastra), for in both
the world is to be represented.
Vajra: Explain to me the canon of dance and then you will speak about the canon of painting, for one who knows
the practice of the canon of dance knows painting.
Markandeya: Dance is difficult to understand by one who is not acquainted with instrumental music (atodya).
Vajra: Speak about instrumental music and then you will speak about the canon of dance, because when the
instrumental music is properly understood, one understands dance.
Markandeya: Without vocal music (gita) it is not possible to know instrumental music.
Vajra: Explain to me the canon of vocal music, because he, who knows the canon of vocal music, is the best of
men who knows everything.
Markandeya: Vocal music is to be understood as subject to recitation that may be done in two ways, prose (gadya)
and verse (padya). Verse is in many meters.
 May Day as Labour Day
In India they always appear to have
thought this, and to have held by the
truth- I never heard of the god Vishvakarma, the
god of the Arts and
Crafts, before I learned of him from
Dr. Coomaraswamy. But he (Vishvakarma) seems
strangely like a personification of that Platonic
idea of abstract beauty which for so many
centuries has haunted the Western mind.
Whether it be Plato or Plotinus, Pico della
Mirandola or Rossetti, ever and again in the
great periods of our Western development the
idea recurs. Who knows, perhaps Vishvakarma is
the god for whom we in the West, in our spiritual
reawakening, are in search; possibly he can help
us!
- C. R. Ashbee
Work and worship: How Vishwakarma Puja is going places
September 19, 2016, 5:33 AM IST Vikram Doctor in On My Plate , India, Lifestyle, ET
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/blogs/onmyplate/work-and-worship-how-vishwakarma-
puja-is-going-places/

Vishwakarma Puja, which is celebrated this Saturday, is a long established festival in Eastern
India. It was used by artisans to worship Vishwakarma, the celestial architect, which was a way
to pay respects to their tools and their own skill in using them.

.. But it is not a common festival of Western India

But as the political scientist Leela Fernandes observed in a 1998 paper entitled ‘Culture,
Structure and Working Class Politics’, based on field work with jute mill workers in Calcutta,
the festival had more than a traditional ritual purpose. The workers used it as a way to assert
their rights with the managers, who found it hard to resist demands dressed up in a ritual
guise.
• Vishwakarma otherwise known as Kammalars or Acharis, fall under backward castes…….The
community gets its name from the god they worship – Viswa Karman, the divine architect.
“They are highly skilled professionals, with many subgroups – goldsmith, bronze smith, black
smith, carpenter and stone mason. Their work is technically sophisticated they are scholars in
measurement and very professionals ad skilled in their work. But society does not celebrate
their skills adequately.”

• ..their skills were in demand for constructing monuments, temples, chariots and for carving
gods and goddesses, in stone, rock, metal, and wood. They also had the skills to make
weapons.

• ..and the men wear sacred threads

- Welding Work and Worship, Nine Rupees An Hour

• Thiruppuvanam and Thiruppachetti get a lot of attention from the press for two reasons.
Both, interestingly are unrelated to the sickle’s primary use in agriculture. First, when gigantic
sickles are made for temples. …the other time the media turn up is when the now banned
veecharuval is used in a gang war.
• ..The Madurai formula as the movies from the region are called, feature men pulling out
veecharuvals to dramatic music and hacking off a limb, or a neck. ..said, this portrayal is
wholly untrue. I have lived in Madurai for fitty five years and never have I seen a man pull
out a veecharuval and kill another.
- Welding Work and Worship, Nine Rupees An Hour
Work and worship: How Vishwakarma Puja is going places
September 19, 2016, 5:33 AM IST Vikram Doctor in On My Plate , India, Lifestyle, ET
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/blogs/onmyplate/work-and-worship-how-vishwakarma-
puja-is-going-places/

• For example, Fernandes noted how the mill management tried to get workers to agree to one
common shrine and to limit the puja to the mechanical department of the factory. But the
factory had multiple unions and each union leader insisted on their own shrine. “Eventually
six separate shrines were constructed in the factory by separate groups of workers affiliated
with each union.”
Work and worship: How Vishwakarma Puja is going places
September 19, 2016, 5:33 AM IST Vikram Doctor in On My Plate , India, Lifestyle, ET
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/blogs/onmyplate/work-and-worship-how-vishwakarma-
puja-is-going-places/

• The way the workers were making practical use of the festival was clear when one of the
managers came to the shrines, only to be told “This festival is for us to enjoy. Why are the
Sahibs coming to see it?”. As Fernandes puts it, “religious worship created a space of
autonomous worker activity on the factory floor which was temporarily able to challenge the
authority of management.”

• Western India has its own workplace festivals, like the tradition of Satyanarayana Pujas that
started in the mills of Mumbai
Work and worship: How Vishwakarma Puja is going places
September 19, 2016, 5:33 AM IST Vikram Doctor in On My Plate , India, Lifestyle, ET
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/blogs/onmyplate/work-and-worship-how-vishwakarma-
puja-is-going-places/

• Western India has its own workplace festivals, like the tradition of Satyanarayana Pujas that
started in the mills of Mumbai
Work and worship: How Vishwakarma Puja is going places
September 19, 2016, 5:33 AM IST Vikram Doctor in On My Plate , India, Lifestyle, ET
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/blogs/onmyplate/work-and-worship-how-vishwakarma-
puja-is-going-places/

• And perhaps artisans, and their heirs in the skilled manual trades, might also that Ayudha
Puja is too white-collar now, too owned by management, and Vishwakarma Puja fulfills this
more blue collar need.
Labour Day (Labor Day in the United States) is an annual holiday to celebrate the achievements
of workers. Labour Day has its origins in the labour union movement, specifically the eight-
hour day movement, which advocated eight hours for work, eight hours for recreation, and
eight hours for rest.

For most countries, Labour Day is synonymous with, or linked with, International Workers' Day,
which occurs on 1 May. For other countries, Labour Day is celebrated on a different date, often
one with special significance for the labour movement in that country. Labour Day is a public
holiday in many countries.

May 1 was chosen to be International Workers' Day to commemorate the 1886 Haymarket affair
in Chicago. In that year, on May 1, there was a general strike for the eight-hour workday. On
May 4, the police acted to disperse a public assembly in support of the strike when an
unidentified person threw a bomb. The police responded by firing on the workers. The event
lead to several deaths.

The incident is remembered as the Haymarket affair, or the Haymarket massacre.

National Labour Day on 17th September by Bharteeya Mazdoor Sangh
WESTERN – Communist HINDU – Bharteeya Mazdoor
Sangh

Compartmentalised Thinking Integrated thinking

Chahe joo majburi ho Desh ke hit main karenge kaam

Mange hamari puri karo Lenge kaam ke pure daam

Communists said that it does Bharteeya Mazdoor Sangh said

not matter what are the they will work in the interest of
problems the industry is facing the country and will take full
our demands must be met. remuneration for the work.
During the 1962 war with China, the same
employees were members of the communist union
and when the war started most went on leave, rest
refused to work. India lost the war and one of the
reason apart from strategic blunder was that Indian
soldiers did not had arms and ammunitions to fight
and they died a sitting ducks death. Imagine the
plight of soldier and their family members…kids,
wife, parents….
During 1971 war with Pakistan, Ayudh and Gola
Barud Bhandar situated at Pathankot had the
responsibility to supply Ayudh and Gola Barud to the
soldiers fighting in the front in Punjab and J&K.
500 was the strength of employees of the Ayudh and
Gola Barud Bhandar at Pathankot. All of them were
members of Ordinance Employees Union which was
affiliated to Bharteeya Mazdoor Sangh.
All the employees took an oath that till the time was
is on, no one will go home and each one will work 24
hours along with the soldier brothers.
They fulfilled their oath. The war lasted for 14 days
(3rd December to 17th December). The employees
worked for 14 days 24X7 and none of them took
money of over time.
They said a soldier gives up life for nation, we can do
this much for our country.
Ramappa Temple, also known as the Rudreshwara temple,
a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Telangana.

An inscription in the temple says it’s construction

started in the year 1213 CE by Recharla
Rudra—a General of Kakatiya
ruler Ganapati Deva 1199–1262.

The Ramappa Temple complex which

consist of three temples was
constructed between 1212-1234,

Designed and architect by Rammapa—after whom the temple complex is named.

17th September National Labour Day
The Bharteeya craftsman conceives of his art not as the accumulated skill of ages, but as
originating in the divine skill of Bhagwan Vishvakarma, and revealed by him. Beauty, rhythm,
proportion, idea have an absolute existence on an ideal plane, where all who seek may find.
The realities of things exist in the mind, not in the detail of their appearance to the eye. Their
inward inspiration upon which the Hindu artist is taught to rely, appearing like the still small
voice of a god, that god was conceived of as Vishvakarma. He may be thought of as that part
of divinity which is conditioned by a special relation to artistic expression ; or in another way,
as the sum total of consciousness, the combined soul of the individual craftsmen of all times
and places.
• The writing on the wall on stones on the other walls of the temple is an interesting
detail that Ramachandra Rao dwell upon. The stones were marked with characters
from chants so that the masons who were building the wall would know how to place
the in the desired sequence. These numbered stones can now be seen as the pilgrim is
borne in the queue along the walls after coming out of the Vaikuntam queue complex.
It is an exhilarating moment when, in the middle of the crush, one finds a quiet second
to observe a character on the stone and realise that the nameless masons and workers
who built the temple would have stood and toiled in the centuries past.

• Ours is a living history and even today, we stand where the greatest of saints and kings
would have in the centuries gone by and experience what millions of ordinary folk
would have felt.
Venkatesa Suprabhatam by Venkatesh Parthasarathy
Stragey as Saadhanaa:
Saadhanaa, is derived from the Sanskrit root “sadh”, which means “to accomplish
or to succeed”. The word “Saadhanaa” in Sanskrit means “an effort exercised
towards the achievement of a purpose.”
There are three important aspects of Saadhanaa: Choice, Commitment and
Aspiration. Saadhanaa is our investment in the treasure we most want.
In the year 1906, the Indian National Congress, at the insistence of Lokmanya Tilak,
Ardeshir Godrej and others, administered the swadeshi vow in respect of soap.

In 1916, the governments of Mysore and Madras started independent soap factories and
two years later, in 1918, Ardeshir Godrej came out with a washing soap bar.

Ardeshir Godrej succeeded in producing the 1st stable toilet soaps from vegetable oils
instead of animal fats in the world in 1920.

He was told it is impossible to do so.

Soap was named No 2 and was a commercial sucess.

He had also launched “Vatni” soaps, meaning 'of the motherland'

Rabindranath Tagore wrote : I know of no foreign soap better than Godrej, and I
have made it a point to use Godrej Soaps.
Stratgey as Swayam (I)
Stratgey as Swayam (I): अहम् ब्रह्मास्मि (Aham Brahma Asmi) – "I am Brahman"

This mantra highlights the notion that all beings are intimately connected to
universal energy and cannot be separated from it. To recite Aham Brahmasmi is
to recognize that Brahman and Atman are one, and as such, there can be no ego
or sense of separation.
The Mahavakyas are "The Great Sayings" of the Upanishads,

• तत् त्वम् असि (Tat Tvam Asi) – "That essence (tat, referring to sat, "the Existent”) are you"
(Chandogya Upanishad 6.8.7 of the Sama Veda)

• अयम् आत्मा ब्रह्म (Ayam Atma Brahma) – "This Self is Brahman"

(Mandukya Upanishad 1.2 of the Atharva Veda)

• प्रज्ञानम् ब्रह्म (Prajnanam Brahma) – "Insight is Brahman," or "Consciousness is Brahman” –

(Aitareya Upanishad 3.3 of the Rig Veda)

• अहम् ब्रह्मास्मि (Aham Brahma Asmi) – "I am Brahman”

(Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 1.4.10 of the Yajur Veda)
In several commentaries Shankaracharya, and several thinkers & spiritual leaders, have said that the essence of
all Upanishads is the same and all the Mahaavaakyas essentially say the same in a concise form.
 तत् त्वम् असि (Tat Tvam Asi) –
"That essence (tat, referring to sat, "the Existent“) are you"

Tat Tvam Asi – (That thou art) Teaches us that God and ourselves are one and the same.
Once a Sadhak (practitioner) believe this, the fear of criticism, poverty, sickness, losing loved
ones and death eliminates and the sadhak works for the reason that he is there and he has the
duty to perform.
 तत् त्वम् असि (Tat Tvam Asi) –
"That essence (tat, referring to sat, "the Existent“) are you"

This reminds one of the article by Sunil Mittal in The Hindustan Times on his loss of the
Delhi Airport contract to GMR “…Bharti Airtel is today India's largest telecom company.
Yet, it did not go on to win the airport deal in Delhi…Bharti went into the opportunity of
developing the airport ahead of others. The company started work on the airports even
before the government woke up to this possibility. Large established players are required to
think ahead of time and shape the economic agenda of a nation. We tied up with the best
operator in the world, Changi. All stakeholders, including the government, gave this potent
combination a thumbs up to win the Delhi airport… The nation needs to celebrate the
victory of GVK and GMR… The rise of the rookies will inspire thousands more.
Today the economy is bringing forth a hundred new faces. In a few years, GVK and
GMR will run dozens of airports and will be household names and in the round beyond,
they will also sit and wonder how they lost to the new kids on the block.”
 अयम् आत्मा ब्रह्म (Ayam Atma Brahma) – "This Self is Brahman"

Ayam Atma Brahma – (This Self is Brahman) It refers to the consciousness within. Atman
and Brahma are the same. Atman is consciousness that activates and moves your body and
enables you to perceive and act.

With this conviction the only job remaining is to grow and unlock the hidden potential to
be godlike.
 प्रज्ञानम् ब्रह्म (Prajnanam Brahma) – "Insight is Brahman,

Kishore Biyani writes “I consider business organizations to be living, breathing

entities which grow organically. And I also believe that there is a lot that organizations
can learn from understanding nature. Nature is the best designer and very often we
have been inspired the way nature works…. I think that this twin idea of constant
growth and allowing others to grow has played a crucial part in the way we have
evolved as an organization. We didn’t learn this from anyone else. It didn’t come from
any management tome or from a session with a management guru. This lesson was
evident in nature.”
अहम् ब्रह्मास्मि (Aham Brahma Asmi) – "I am Brahman”

One that’s been enlightened declares him Self to be God.

Ethics can’t be taught in a business school.
It has to be a part of the DNA, says
David Willsen President and CEO
Graduate Management Admission Council…..
“GMAT reflect” doesn’t have an ethics component.
Management Perspectives from History and Scriptures

Class – 3
3 November 2023
IIM Nagpur
Sandeep Singh
 India is not only the oldest but also the richest civilisation
India’s Share of World GDP (% of world total) by Angus Maddiosn

Year 1500 1700 1820 1870 1913 1950 1973 2001

UK 1.1 2.9 5.2 9.0 8.2 6.5 4.2 3.2
Western Europe 17.8 21.9 23.0 33.0 33.0 26.2 25.6 20.3
US 0.3 0.1 1.8 8.8 18.9 27.3 22.1 21.4
China 24.9 22.3 32.9 17.1 8.8 4.5 4.6 12.3
www.swastik.net.in

India 24.4 24.4 16.0 12.1 7.5 4.2 3.1 5.4

Asia (excluding 61.9 57.7 56.4 36.1 22.3 15.4 16.4 30.9
Japan)
Western Europe here includes Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden,
Switzerland, United Kingdom, Portugal, Spain and a small general category “other” which generally remained way below
1%.

Source: Extracted from Angus Maddison, The World Economy: Vol I, A Millennial Perspective, Vol II, Historical Statistics,
OECD, 2006, Indian Edition, New Delhi, 2007, Table 8b, p 641.
 Georges Duby:
in The Age of the Cathedral
..the Western world in the year 1000. A wild world, ringed round by hunger. Its
meager population is in fact too large. The people struggle almost barehanded, slave
to intractable nature and to a soil that is unproductive because it is poorly worked.
No peasant, when he sows one grain of wheat, expects to harvest more than three-
if it is not too bad a year. This means bread to eat until Easter time. Then he will
have to manage on herbs, roots, the makeshift food that can be gleaned from forest
and river bank and on an empty belly. He will do the heavy summer tasks and wither
with fatigue while he awaits the harvest….Sometimes, when too heavy rains have
soaked into the ground and hampered the autumn ploughing, when storms have
plummeled and spoiled the crops, the customary food shortage becomes a famine, a
great death-dealing wave of starvation. The chroniclers of the times all described
such famines, not without a certain satisfaction. “People pursued one another in
order to eat each other up, and many cut the throats of their men so as to feed on
human flesh, just like the wolves.”
 " Like a poor beggar suddenly halting before a magnificent storehouse of
precious stones of dazzling brilliancy and splendor, China was
overwhelmed, baffled and overjoyed. She begged and borrowed freely
from this munificent giver. The first borrowings were chiefly from the
religious life of India, in which China's indebtedness to India can never be
fully told."

- Hu Shih
 The caravan of wagons do not ordinarily consist of more than one
hundread or two hundread at the most..

 Each wagon is drawn by ten or twelve oxen, and accompanied by four

sodliers, whom the owner of the merchandise is obliged to pay

 They give an Ox a laod weighing 300 or 350 livers. And it is an astnosihing

sight to behold caravans numbering 10000 or 12000 oxen together.

 For the transport of rice, corn and salt - in the place where they exchange
these commodities - carrying rice to where corn only grows, and corn to
where rice only grows. And salt to the places where there is none.

 ..Travellers..when they meet caravans of this description..are sometine

obliged to wait for 2 or 3 days till all have passed.
 All these development was possible because there were advanced
universities like Nalanda, Takshila, Valabhi, Vikramshila, Pushpagiri,
Jagaddala, Ratnagiri, Mithila, Ujjaini and Kanchipuram, and this is only a
partial list, spread all across the country offering various courses.

 So now the question arises, if there were universities, what they were
teaching on business aspects and who the management gurus were?
 Dharmashastra and their authors in chronological order.

Period Author
Second Century BCE Laws of Gautama
First century BCE Laws of Vasishtha
First Century CE Arthashastra of Kautilya
Second Century CE Laws of Manu or Manava Dharma Shastra
Fourth Century CE Laws of Yajnavalkya
Fifth Century CE Laws of Narada
Fifth Century CE Laws of Brihaspati
Seventh Century CE Laws of Vishnu
Seventh Century CE Laws of Katyayana
Eight Century CE Asahaya (Commentary on Narada)
Ninth Century CE Medhatithi (Commentary on Manu)
Ninth Century CE Bhavasvamin (Commentary on Narada)
Twelfth Century CE Mitakshara of Vijanaeshvara (Commentary on Yajnavalkya)
Thirteenth Century CE Smritichandrika of Devannabhatta (Digest)
Fourteenth Century CE Vivadratankara of Chandeshvara Thakkuru (Digest)
Fourteenth Century CE Vyavaharaniranaya of Varadaraja (Digest)
Fifteenth Century Vyavaharacintamani of Vachaspati Mishra (Digest)
Seventeenth Century CE Rajanitiprakasha of Mitra Mishra (Digest)

(All dates approximate, following Kane and Olivelle)


 Sukhasya moolam dharmah
 Dharmasya moolam arthah
 Arthasya moolam rajyam
 Rajya moolam indriya jayah
 Indriyajayasa moolam Vinayaha
 Vinayasya moolam vruddhopasevah
 Vruddhopasevaya vijnanam
 Vijnanaena atmanam sampadyet
 Samapaditatmjitatmama bhavati
 Jitatma sarvarthe sanyujat
everything
Chanakya Sutra
: The root of happiness is dharma
: The basis of dharma is prosperity
: The basis of prosperity is good governance/management
: The basis of good governance/ management is self control
: The root of self control is humility
: Root of humility is learning from the knowledgeable
: Wisdom originates from learning from the elders
: Equip yourself with wisdom
: One who has assimilated wisdom has conquered himself
: One who has conquered himself will own/gain/achieve
India CEO mafia: Techies with a social heart TNN | Feb 3, 2020, 07.13 AM IST

 “But what people don’t realise is that they also have something which is usually
missing in the tech world — a sense of humility and understanding of human needs.
Too many of Silicon Valley’s leaders have grown up in its bubble, they are cut off from
the realities of the world. They get lucky and begin to believe they are Gods. This is not
a problem that India born leaders have,” he said.

 Something similar was pointed out by The Wall Street Journal in 2015 when it quoted a
then recent cross-cultural study from Southern New Hampshire University that
examined managers from the US and India. The study found that more Indian managers
achieved the highest ranking in terms of leadership traits. Indian managers, the study
said, are future-oriented, and had a “paradoxical blend of genuine personal humility
and intense professional will...These leaders achieved extraordinary results and built
great organisations without much hoopla.”

 https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/india-ceo-mafia-techies-
with-a-social-heart/articleshow/73886762.cms
\
The Best Advise I Ever Got (Business Today, January 11, 2009)
Some of the brightest advice comes from our junior-most employees

-Azim Premji, Chairman, Wipro Technologies

Never borrow for personal needs

-Nimesh Kampani, CMD, JM Financial

Be successful, but not at the cost of principles

- A M Naik, CMD, L&T

Make sure your employees are your partners

- Rashesh Shah, CEO & Chairman, Edelweiss Capital

Out of every 10 men born in this world, nine work for the tenth. Prepare to be the tenth.

- J J Irani, Director Tata Sons

Share the credit for success, take responsibility for trouble

-G Madhavan Nair, Chairman, ISRO & Space Commission

Have total shraddha

-Capt. G R Gopinath, VC, Kingfisher, Founder Deccan Aviation

Take your work seriously but don’t take yourself too seriously

- Piyush Pandey, Chairman, O&M

Uphold your family tradition

-Anand G Mahindra, VC&MD, M&M

Manu (8.216) points to a measure of job security in contract labour
and says: ‘if a worker falls sick, he should perform the work
stipulated as soon as he has recovered his health. Even if a very long
time has elapsed, he should still receive his full wages.’
Donald R Davis Jr says, “From the perspective of the twenty first century,
there’s a lot to dislike in Manu. On the other hand, it’s hard to blame the
man for being a product of his time and for not writing a postmodern book
in the distant premodern period. Even worse, whenever we reduce a
classic to a few token ideas, phrases or views, we tend to throw the baby
out with the bathwater, dismissing what is valuable along with what is
repugnant. Precisely this has happened with Manu.”

Instead of abusing it, if few would have read, they would have realised the
true essence of it.
Yajnavalkya described type of interest that applies to borrowers. If people
borrow money at interest and travel through dangerous places that entail risk of
loss to life or property in order to increase their profit, then they should pay ten
per cent per month. If they travel across the ocean for the same reason, they
should pay twenty per cent. The creditor should receive these higher rates
because he has taken a greater risk of the loss of his capital.
And on measurement Yajnavalkya says,

A merchant who cheats buyers of an eighth part of goods such as

rice or cotton by false measurement, false weight or other means
shall be fined two hundred Pana copper coins. If the buyer is
cheated out of a greater or lesser amount, then the fine should be
proportionately more or less. A fine of sixteen Panas shall be
imposed on anyone who mixes inferior substances into items for
sale – for example, medicine, oils such as ghee, salt, perfumed
substances, grain, sugar, and pepper. (2.2444 – 245)
Laws of Brihaspati talks about partnership

“Smart people never get into business with people who are incompetent,
lazy, sick, troubled, unlucky, or destitute. One should instead make
partnership with people who are from good families, clever, hard
working, and intelligent; people who know coins and how to deal with
revenue and expenses; and people who are honest and forthright’
The law of apprentices as per Laws of Narada:

A master craftsman takes on an apprentice for a specified period of

training. During that time, the apprentice must live with the master
and his family, but his work is limited strictly to his apprenticeship.
The apprentice earns no wages, but must be fed and housed for the
full term. An apprentice who abandons his training can be forced to
return under confinement, and even punished. Anything an
apprentice produces goes to his master as partial payment for his
instruction. In return, a master must fully train his apprentice in the
time allotted and may not refuse to instruct him. If the master fails
to instruct the apprentice or forces him to do work not connected
with the apprenticeship, then he is to be fined at the highest level.
Law of Narada (8.11-12) covers pricing in details. He says
“Merchants buy and sell all sorts of commodities in order to make a
profit, but their profit goes up and down according to the negotiated
price. Therefore a merchant should fix his price keeping in mind the time
and place of business, and he should never deal dishonestly, for this is
the ideal path for merchants.”

On non-delivery of goods, Law of Narada (8.4) says

“One who sells something for a certain price and fails to deliver it to the
purchaser must be made to compensate him for any loss pertaining to
immovables and for the lost profits from movables”.
Smritichandrika explains this further as, “The loss in the case of
immovables is the lost use of the property, since the buyer cannot
make productive use of the land until the title is transferred. The
lost profit of movable refers to goods such as cows, etc. and their
products such as milk until the cow is delivered. This rule holds in
situations where the price has increased between the time of
purchase and the time of delivery.”
Yes there was issues of goods being returned even then and in 9th CE
Medhatithi a Commentary on Manu specifies rule for it.
Goods that are bought and sold all the time, things like tin and
copper vessel, do not deteriorate and are not consumed at the time
of the transaction. Their price does not diminish and is basically
stable. If such goods are not used, they may be taken back by the
seller or returned by the buyer within ten days. Goods that are
bought and sold on periodic occasions, religious pilgrimages and
festivals for instance, have unstable prices since they are greatly
desired only on the occasion. These goods must be taken back or
retuned on the day of sale, or the next day. The sale of perishable
items such as fruit and flowers, however, can only be cancelled at
the moment of sale. (Laws of Manu 8.222)
The Commentator Vijnaneshvara cover the wage formulation. He
says: “If an owner, merchant, cattle owner, or owner of a field
makes a worker perform a job without fixing his wage, then the
king should make him pay to the worker a tenth of what was
received from the commercial husbandry, or agricultural
enterprise.’
The Smritichandrika gives an extensive description of documents
of all kinds, including business contracts. “Marici tells us why
documents are important: “When selling or mortgaging
immoveable property, partitioning inheritance, and making a gift,
a document both secures the transaction’s legal validity and
prevents any dispute about it.”
Stridhana dates back to the ancient times. Sage Yajnavalkya,
points toward “a man's being totally bankrupt and using his wife's
money to save himself and his family.”
The business management lessons from the Dharmashastra,
can be summarized broadly in following three points
according to Donald R Davis Jr.:

Business is tied to and mutually influences religion, politics and

community, and it cannot be treated as an independent
institution. Where there is a conflict, business concerns and goals
must yield to religious, social and political goals.
Business without virtue is exploitation and theft, and should be
treated accordingly
Honesty

Pattinappalai, one of the ten poems of the Pattuppattu, said of the

merchants of Puhar:
The merchants of Puhar are as straight forward as the crosspiece of a
yoke. They always speak the truth and are fair minded, and fear
ignominy. They value their goods and the goods of others by the same
standard; they neither take too high a price for their goods, nor do they
shortchange on what they sell. They openly state their profits on the
various goods they handle. Such merchants lined in Puhar for may
years.
Word

 No word for Blackmail in Any Indian Language. It originally ment payments

rendered by settlers in the counties of England bordering Scotland to
chieftains and the like in the Scottish Lowlands, in exchange for
protection from Scottish thieves and marauders into England.
Corruption

 Shaking the Pagoda Tree was a colloquial term for white men making easy
and quick money, often rapaciously from native rulres and landowners, in
the early days of Company rule in India.

 The pagoda was a gold coin used in the Madras Presidency upto 1818
Honesty

 ‘It is a sad truth’, the letter went on, ‘that in all parts of India where the
European generally come the natives soon learn to flatter, cheat, and
wreck their malice whereas in the inland counties where few Europeans
ever are, they are generally harmless and innocent and not inclined to
mischief. The difference must be from the ill examples of those who call
themselves Christians’. –
-Dispatch Book, 10 January 1711, Vol 97, para 83, pp 1790 - 80
 Source: The Trading World of Asia And The English East India Company:
1660-1760
Story – Lullaby - Games

www.swastik.net.in
Story

www.swastik.net.in
Anthropologists studied folk tales.

• Children’s stories in most of the

developing countries of the world
had higher achievement scores
than those in the more developed
countries.
• They found that the developing
countries are not developed
partly because they have not had
high achievements in the past few
generations.
• India was a country whose
children’s stories had highest
achievement factor.

www.swastik.net.in
www.swastik.net.in
Pigeon
• Trained domestic pigeons
are able to return to the
home loft if released at a
location that they have
never visited before and
that may be up to 1000
KM away.
– "map sense“
– "compass sense“.
Able to sense the:
Earth’s Magnetic Field
www.swastik.net.in
 Parrot
• While parrots are able
to mimic human
speech, studies with
the African Grey
Parrot have shown
that some are able to
associate words with
their meanings and
form simple sentences

www.swastik.net.in
• Some crow species capable of not only
tool use but also of tool construction
• Crows have been shown to have the
ability to visually recognize individual
humans, and to transmit information about
"bad" humans by squawking
• Male Crow collects the construction
material for nest and Female weaves/
constructs it.
www.swastik.net.in
• on Babool or any other tree with thorn in
the month of May: Low Rainfall
• on Mango Tree: Good Rainfall
• on East side of tree : Good Rainfall
• on West side of tree : Normal Rainfall
• on North-West side of tree : Low Rainfall
• on top of tree : Sign of Draught

www.swastik.net.in
• 4 Eggs laid : Good Rainfall
• 2 Eggs laid : Average Rainfall
• 1 Eggs laid : Low Rainfall
• If eggs laid on ground : Draught

www.swastik.net.in
Most Intelligent Bird

www.swastik.net.in
video

www.swastik.net.in
काक चेष्टा बको ध्यानं, श्वान ननद्रा तथैव च ।
अल्पहारी गहृ त्यागी, ववद्याथी पंच लक्षणं ॥
Kaka Cheshta Bako Dyanam, Shwan Nidra, Thathaiva Cha |
Alaphaari Grihi Tyagi, Vidyarthi Panch Lakshanam ||

A student should be alert like a crow, have concentration like that of a

crane and sleep like that of a dog that wakes up even at slightest of
the noise. The student should eat scantily to suffice his energy needs
and neither less notmore. Also he should stay away from chores of
daily house hold stuff and emotional attachment.

www.swastik.net.in
• “From a practical perspective, we know that
presenting reasons is usually ineffective, and
so we wrap our reasons in narrative –
because we know, from psychology research,
that storytelling is an effective device for
communication and behavior change.”

www.swastik.net.in
www.swastik.net.in
 • Characterizing animal
behavior and making it
popular in our gnomic
literature will have to be
credited to Panchatantra.
• Selection of animals for
particular story is not
accidental but is an
outcome of keen
observation of surrounding,
especially animal kingdom.

www.swastik.net.in
• The Panchatantra means 'Five Principles or
Techniques' is an ancient Indian inter-
related collection of animal fables in verse
and prose, in a frame story format. The
original Sanskrit work, which some
scholars believe was composed around the
3rd century BCE, is attributed to Vishnu
Sharma.
• It is based on older oral traditions,
including "animal fables that are as old as
we are able to imagine". It is "certainly the
most frequently translated literary product
of India", and these stories are among the
most widely known in the world.

www.swastik.net.in
• The Panchatantra is a nītiśāstra. Nīti can be
roughly translated as "the wise conduct of
life" and a śāstra is a technical or scientific
treatise; thus it is considered a treatise on
political science and human conduct.

www.swastik.net.in
• To quote Edgerton (1924): ...there are recorded
over two hundred different versions known to
exist in more than fifty languages, and three-
fourths of these languages are extra-Indian.
• As early as the eleventh century this work
reached Europe, and before 1600 it existed in
Greek, Latin, Spanish, Italian, German, English,
Old Slavonic, Czech, and perhaps other Slavonic
languages. Its range has extended from Java to
Iceland...
• [In India,] it has been worked over and over
again, expanded, abstracted, turned into verse,
retold in prose, translated into medieval and
modern vernaculars, and retranslated into
Sanskrit.

www.swastik.net.in
www.swastik.net.in
www.swastik.net.in
Games

www.swastik.net.in
Snakes and Ladders, originated in 2nd century
B.C. India as Paramapada Sopaanam - ‘the
ladder to salvation’ or Moksha-
patamu/Mokshapat.

www.swastik.net.in
The squares of virtue on the original game are

Faith (12), Reliability (51),

Generosity (57), Knowledge (76),
Asceticism (78), Squares of evil are Disobedience (41),
Vanity (44), Vulgarity (49),
Theft (52), Lying (58),
Drunkenness (62), Debt (69),
Rage (84), Greed (92),
Pride (95), Murder (73)
and Lust (99).

The lust is the last enemy. It is not necessarily sexual but of

similar intensity. At 100, one will have reached the stage of
having overcome the snakes of inner weakness and negativity
and will be complete with all virtues and spiritual powers.
www.swastik.net.in
Compare this to the today’s best
selling Game :Monopoly
• Tips and tricks of winning
the game of Monopoly are:

- The objective of the

game in Monopoly is to
make all opponents
bankrupt.
- When most Monopoly
properties are developed
between 'Jail' and the 'Go
to Jail' space, roll the dice
and hope you stay in Jail.
It's better than paying rent!

www.swastik.net.in
The most popular game informs the kids
that survival of self at any cost i.e. by
bankrupting other players, including
looking at a stay in the jail as a profitable
option. The most popular board game in
Western history has spawned a self-
fulfilling prophesy–the near bankrupting
of an entire nation. Is one surprised at the
current economical, environmental and
social degradation of the Western world?

www.swastik.net.in
Barbie, a plastic teenager, is the best-known & bestselling doll in history

... Mattel announced that, for the

first time, any young lady wishing to
purchase a new Barbie would receive
a trade-in allowance for her old one.

What Mattel did not announce was

that by trading in her old doll for a
technologically improved model, the
little girl of today, citizen of
tomorrow's super-industrial world,
would learn a fundamental lesson
about the new society:

that man's relationships with things

are increasingly temporary.
Handout

www.swastik.net.in
• When I say Princess, do you think
Disney? And what if I say Raj-Kumari?
Charu Uppal, Indiafacts.org

www.swastik.net.in
No one who can rise before dawn three hundred sixty
days a year fails to make his family rich: Chapter 8

The Beauty of Vedic Mathematics

is it approaches through simple
and direct, single line, non-
monotonic, multi-choice,
direction independent and faster
methods unlike conventional
mathematics. This definitely
leaves behind wide options in the
methodologies to be chosen.

Vedic Maths ensures a balanced

utility of both the right and left
brain (logic and creativity
respectively).

www.swastik.net.in
Manjul Bhargava, once simplified a 200-year-old
number theory law with help of an Indian
mathematician's work from 6th century CE and the
popular Rubik's Cube.

According to an interview the Princeton

University professor gave to Quanta
Magazine, he said German maths
wizard Carl Friedrich Gauss showed
that if two numbers - each sum of two
perfect squares - are multiplied, the
result will also be the sum of two perfect
squares.
Bhargava, whose grandfather was a
Sanskrit professor in Rajasthan, said he
had once seen in Sanskrit manuscripts a
generalisation of this same law, credited
to Brahmagupta - an Indian
mathematician in 628 CE.www.swastik.net.in
Bhargava is, steeped in Indian culture despite having grown up in Canada &
US. He's well-versed in Hindi & Sanskrit, is an accomplished tabla player

How important, in your opinion, is mathematics in Indian

culture?
Mathematics and mathematical thinking have been an important
aspect of Indian culture for a long time. From ancient philosophical
verses like "Poornasya poornamaadaaya
poornamevaavashishyate" (Infinity minus infinity can still be
infinity) that reflect mathematical thinking, to the inherently
mathematical structure of the alphabets and phonetics of Indian
languages, to the discovery of zero and negative numbers,
combinatorics, trigonometry, calculus, and more - so much
mathematics has been discovered for ages in a way that is deeply
intertwined in Indian culture.
www.swastik.net.in
Bhaskara II‘s treatise on mathematics Lilavati, written in 1150,
includes a number of methods of computing numbers such as
multiplications, squares, and progressions, with examples using
kings and elephants, objects which a common man could
understand. Here is an example: The rule for the problem
illustrated here is in verse 151, & the problem is in verse 152:

151: The Square of the pillar is divided by the distance between the
snake and its hole; the result is subtracted from the distance
between the snake and its hole. The place of meeting of the snake
and the peacock is separated from the hole by a number of hastas
equal to half that difference.

152: There is a hole at the foot of a pillar nine hastas high, and a
pet peacock standing on top of it. Seeing a snake returning to the
hole at a distance from the pillar equal to three times its height,
the peacock descends upon it slantwise. Say quickly, at how
many hastas from the hole does the meeting of their two paths
occur? (assuming speed of the peacock and the snake are equal.)
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Lullaby

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Jack and Jill went up the hill
To fetch a pail of water.
Jack fell down and broke his crown,
And Jill came tumbling after

Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall,

Humpty Dumpty had a great fall.
All the king's horses and all the king's me
Couldn't put Humpty together again.

Ring-a-ring o' roses,

A pocket full of posies,
A-tishoo! A-tishoo
We all fall down

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chandamama door ke
pue pakaye bhoor ke
aap khaye thali me
munne ko de pyali me
pyali gayi toot
munna gaya rooth
layaenge hum pyaliyan baja
baja ke taliyan
munne ko manayenge ham
dood malayi khayenge
chandamama...
udan khatole bhaith ke munna
chanda ke ghar jayega
taron ke sang ankh micholi
khel ke
dil behalayega
khel kud jab mere munne ka ji
bhar jayega
thumak thumak mera munna
vaapas ghar ko ayega
chandamama...
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Twinkle, twinkle, little star,
How I wonder what you are.
Up above the world so high,
Like a diamond in the sky.
When the blazing sun is gone,
When he nothing shines upon,
Then you show your little light,
Twinkle, twinkle, all the night.
Then the traveler in the dark,
Thanks you for your tiny spark,
He could not see which way to go,
If you did not twinkle so.
In the dark blue sky you keep,
And often through my curtains peep,
For you never shut your eye,
'Till the sun is in the sky.
As your bright and tiny spark,
Lights the traveler in the dark.
Though I know not what you are,
Twinkle, twinkle, little star.
Twinkle, twinkle, little star…
????????????????

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 Shivkar Bāpuji Talpade (1864–
1916) & Subbarāya Shāstry
constructed, and flew India's
first unmanned airplane in
1895 to a height of 1500 feet.

• 8 years before the Wright brothers' Wright Flyer,

• Talpade's airplane was named Marutsakhā, a term used for the
goddess Sarasvati in the Rigveda(RV 7.96.2) -- a portmanteau of
Marut meaning stream of air and Sakha meaning friend.

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www.swastik.net.in
 Page 32; “In the evening our grandfather
would give us lessons in Indian values
and the entire thirteen member gang
would assemble around him. Once a year
we were required to read the whole
Ramayana and occasionally visit the
Hanuman Mandir in Lohar Chawl, none
of which I particularly appreciated.”
Page 51-52; “Those were truly trying times. But I was
fortunate enough to have the unstinted support of two
family members. My wife, Sangita came with me to
these exhibitions and that was huge encouragement.
And my younger brother, Anil too started helping me
in whatever I was doing. Anil in all ways fits into the
classical definition of the younger brother. He has full
faith in my abilities and never hesitated to join me
whenever I needed his help. Another person, who has
worked with me since I started, is Raju. He used to
help us in packing and carrying our boxes and till date
he continues to be man Friday.
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Storytelling meets
a fundamental
human need: the
need to describe
human experience
in a way that is
casual,
memorable,
engaging and
believable.

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Story – Lullaby - Games

Kindle latent desires, stimulate unfelt

needs, instill new ideas and attitudes and
change vision of the lives of kids.

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 Entrepreneurship
• David McClelland: An entrepreneur is a
person with a high need for achievement.

• Frank H. Knight and Peter Drucker :

Entrepreneurship is about taking risk.

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Entrepreneur

Entre preneur

ANTAH PRERANA

अंतः प्रेरणा

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 अंतः प्रेरणा

• It is the sum total of man’s learned beliefs,

values and customs. It gets built over a large
number of interactions across a range of
situations.
• Stories, Lullaby, Games shape the aspiration
of the little kids. They motivate the kids to
aspire high and to touch the ACME.

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 Child Development and Learning
Theories
Plato Children are born with knowledge that simply awaits activation.
(380–350 BC)
Locke The infant is a blank slate. The environment people and
(1632–1704) experiences) could direct a child’s mind any way
Rousseau The first five years of life are distinctly different from rest of
(1712–1778) childhood
Froebel Guided play is a method used for learning.
(1782–1852)
Dewey School life should grow out of home life.
(1859–1952)

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Story – Lullaby - Games

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• We know very recently about
self recognition ability of some
animals. Self recognition is the
understanding that one’s own
mirror reflection does not
represent another individual
but oneself. Very few animals
like apes, dolphins are capable
of this ability.
• The story of lion getting
misled by his image in water
by rabbit is a classic example
of lack of this ability in lions.
Video
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video

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www.swastik.net.in
Asian elephants are highly intelligent and self-
aware. They have a very large and highly
convoluted neocortex a trait also shared by
humans, apes and certain dolphin species.
Asian elephants have the greatest volume of
cerebral cortex available for cognitive
processing of all existing land animals.

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www.swastik.net.in
Satsang
 Satsang means to be in the company of 'Sat', that is, divine consciousness, or in other
words, to get the experience of chaitanya (divine consciousness). All efforts in spiritual
practice are to achieve chaitanya because success in life – whether materialistic or
spiritual – depends on the proportion of divine consciousness that is active in each one
of us.
 Satsang consists of two syllables; 'Sat' and 'Sang'. This can be interpreted in two ways,
literally and meta-phorically.
 'Sat', literally, means good and 'sang' means company. That is to say to be in good
company or to be in the company of realized beings.
 Metaphorically 'Sat' means the Reality, or the Self, and 'sang' means merged, that is to
say mind merged in its place of origin, the Self.
 Satsang is a session of questions and answers where the seeker has the opportunity to
ask either about the 'concepts of Truth' or the practice to experience 'the Truth' which
the concept is pointing at. Through the question, the level of understanding of the
seeker is revealed and an answer is given in a way that will help the seeker to have a
better understanding of the teachings or push the seeker within, allowing him or her to
have a glimpse of the true Self.
 Whilst the content being addressed may be the same, whilst points may
be made over and over a thousand times, it is always fresh, always honest
and always dynamic, applicable to the moment. “In satsang you don't
accumulate, learn or acquire more knowledge. If you listen to what is
being said at Satsang, without thinking, analyzing or intellectualizing,
without even trying to understand, the truth will go inside you like a virus
and that virus will work by itself within you. It will devour your pre-
conceived ideas, which are the very obstacles that are preventing you
from experiencing the Truth delivered in Satsang.
Gurucharan Das in his book ‘India Bound’ writes about free hostels made by
Nathuram Saraf in Calcutta for migrants from Shekhawati area. “G D Birla
used to say that this hostel spawned many entrepreneurial careers. At night,
the young apprentices would exchange stories of their commercial exploits of
the day and draw lessons from them.”
 Sandipan Deb writes in his book ‘The IITians’, “It’s very difficult to get into
IIT, and very difficult not to get out.” Sandipan Deb quotes Purnendu
Chatterjee “Well, I think that when you put 2000 very bright people in a
highly competitive environment as they transition from adolescence to
adulthood there is an enormous value added by that process, that
interaction.”
It is not so much what is being said, it is the unconscious current of
the atmosphere that inspires, soothes and transforms. By imbibing
and participating in this, a deep influence on the heart is created
and this is descriptive of current.

Due to the cumulative Sattvikataa (positive spirituality) of all the

attending seekers, besides the manifesting of positive energies
during satsang, a seeker's spiritual level is temporarily elevated. Due
to this, one gets spiritual experiences, which further encourage a
seeker's spiritual saadhanaa. Being an environment conducive to
the experience of God or Sat, satsangs are an important adjunct to
maintain the consistency in one's spiritual practice.
 Arun Maira (in Economic Times) says, “Conversations provide people
with new insights, aligning them around the highest common factor. At
their worst, when nobody's listening and everyone is pushing his or her
own point of view, they reach a consensus that is at the level of lowest
common denominator. A good conversation balances enquiry and
advocacy.... We like to have conversation about the tip of iceberg. We don't
want to go below the surface of the water where it is difficult to breathe. We
don't want to open our minds to a strange idea that goes against our
belief, even if it's comes from someone we know to be a intelligent person.”

 This is where Satsangs stand out. Satsang is therefore potent; it is not an

act to do once or twice but something to do again and again and again
until it is like coming home and is then an honest and dependable centre
of timeless, spiritual fellowship and that of itself is enough.
Self-knowledge or knowledge of truth is not had by
resorting to a guru (preceptor) nor by the study of
scripture, nor by good works: it is attained only by
means of inquiry inspired by the company of wise and
holy men.
Saparivar

 Strategy as Saparivar (Family): The institution of strong families with close knit
communities has been the unique feature of the Indian civilization. Every
activity in India – Economic, Social and Cultural – revolves around families. So
does the Business.
On of the dealers in Kanpur had put Chotte Bauji’s photograph
in his shop, says Baldev Raj, who owns one of the oldest Hero
dealership. ‘One day, another dealer came to his shop and saw
the photograph of O P Munjal on the wall.
He asked him, “is he your father?” The dealer said no.
He asked, Is this your elder brother? The dealer said no.
Then he asked, who is this man? The dealer explained that he
was the owner of the company Hero Cycles, whose dealership
he ran.
The man asked him why have you put his picture where
pictures of the elders of the family should be? Why is this one
man so important?
The Hero dealer asked him, Do you know where the owner of the
company you buy cycles from lives? The other dealer said no.
Do you know where his house is? He said no.
He asked, Have you ever had lunch at his home?
Have you ever stayed at his home?
Did he come for your daughters wedding?
Did he send money when he heard about your father’s illness.
Did he save your company when your brothers wanted to dissolve you?
The dealer was stunned. He looked at OP’s Photo with respect, and he
asked,” This man did all that for you?
That day the visiting dealer wrote to O P Munjal and asked to buy a
dealership for Hero.
 The Inspiring Journey Of A Hero O P Munjal
In fact one story, according to a person who still has business
interest with the family, goes like this: A dealer partner had lost
a sizeable chunk of his business in Jammu when a truck
carrying Hero Cycles caught fire. The remains had no value
and the dealer wanted to shut shop.

“The family asked him to come with the ashes and returned
him the money that he had paid for the cycles," this person
said, requesting anonymity.

 The Inspiring Journey Of A Hero O P Munjal – Book

 Nirma’s distributors, despite low trade margins compared to what
Hindustan Lever was offering for Wheel, had intense loyalty to Karsan
Bhai Patel.
 One of the distributors said, “We were paupers and Karshan Bhai made us
what we are. We shall be with him as long as we live. After all, the worst
that can happen is that we will be as poor as when we started.”
 HLL’s distribution system was in place since 1947. Still Nirma could give
them a fight, because everyone was a family in the whole process of
production to sales.
 DIFFERENT THAN FAMILY BUSINESSS