Vocabulary (Tarun Grover) 1

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TARUN.SIR
Vocabulary
Amass (V.) - to collect or gather - to get a large amount of

something, especially money or information, by collecting it over a
long period.
Syno- assemble, accumulate
Example-
she has amassed a huge fortune from her novels
she is amassing a lot of data for her thesis.
Acrimonious (Adj.) - full of anger, arguments and bad feeling

- angry and bitter – acid
Example-
#an acrimonious dispute about wages.
#their marriage ended 8 years ago in an acrimonious divorce.
Anomaly (N.) - irregularity - something that deviates from what

is standard, usual and expected.
Syno- abnormality, irregularity, inconsistency, incongruity,

deviation
Example-.
# there are a number of anomalies in the present system.
Hint- anomaly- abnormality

TARUN.SIR
Aptitude (N.) - a natural ability, or skill
Syno- talent, fitness, gift, skill, ability
Example-
# my son has no aptitude for sport.
Alimony (N.) - payment to divorced wife
Syno- maintenance, support, provision
Example-
# he is said to have paid 3 lakh alimony to his first wife.
Hint- Ali+mony= all I need is money, not my husband.
Atone (V.) - make amends for, reparation - to do something

that shows that you are sorry for something bad you did.
Syno- compensate
Example-
You must atone for the injustice you have done to
innocent people.
a human sacrifice to atone for the sin.
Hint- at + own (one)- he realised his mistake "at his "own" and
wanted to make amends for it.
TARUN.SIR
Ambiguous (Adj.) - expressing more than one possible

meaning sometimes intentionally
Syno- equivocal, ambivalent
Example-
his reply to my question was somewhat ambiguous.
the wording of the agreement is ambiguous.
Abjure (V.) - publicly renounce or give up - a belief, cause,

claim.
Example-
# you must abjure the pursuit of sinful acts.
Hint- abjure, think it like "injure". When you are injure you give up.
.
Adjure (V.) - ask for or request - command solemnly
I adjure you to tell me the truth.

the judge adjured him to answer the question truthfully.
Hint- ad+ jure= jury always commands

TARUN.SIR
Allege (V.) - claim or assert that someone has done
something illegal or wrong, without giving proof.
Syno- state or proclaim
Example-
#she alleged that she has been assualted.
the two men allege that the police forced them to make
false confessions.
Acme (N.) - the highest level attainable
Syno- top, apex, pinnacle
Example-
to act on this world famous stage is surely
the Acme of any actor's carrer.
his landscapes were deemed the acme of beauty.
Hint- Like acne- highest point on skin (pimple)

Acme- highest point in one's work.
Analogy (N.) - drawing a comparison in order to show some

similarity in some respect., typically for the purpose of explanation
and clarification.
Example-
# he drew an analogy btw the brain and a vast computer.
TARUN.SIR
Appraise (V.) - to assess or judge the quality or value of

something
Syno- assess, estimate, evaluate, judge, rate, review.
Example-
#at the end of each teaching practice, trainee teachers are asked
to appraise their own performance.
set a price on, value, price

Example-
#they appraised the painting at Rs. 1 lakh
Hint- ap+praise= price= estimate the value of sth.
Adage (N.) - a wise saying, proverb
Example-
#he remembered the old adage "truth shall prevails"
Hint- ad+age = generally old people tell us the proverbt
Adversity (N.) - a difficult or unpleasant situation
Syno- misfortune, difficulty, hardship, distress, affliction, poverty.
Example-
TARUN.SIR
#she was always cheerful in adversity.
# adversity brings out the best qualities in a person.
Hint- after the university when you are jobless, you are
in adversity - misfortune, a great hardship.
Absolve (V.) - declare someone free from guilt, punishment

and obligation/ responsibility
Syno- exonerate, vindicate, acquit, exculpate, discharge.
Example-
the report absolved her from/of all the blame of accident.
I absolve you from this responsibility.
the priest absolved him of all the sins.
Hint- releasing the person from jail, policeman says 'you can go
i have SOLVED the crime, turns out you are innocent after all.
Abscond (V.) - hide, run away secretly - to go away suddenly

and secretly in order to escape from someone, somewhere.
Syno- escape, flee
Example-
#the prisoners absconded last night.
#she absconded from boarding school with her boyfriend.
Hint- ab + scond = absent in a second. When you are absent in a

second, you run away or hide.
TARUN.SIR
Affray (N.) - a group fight in a public place
Example-
#shaka was charged with causing an affray.
he'd got into a drunken brawl in a bar.
Syno- brawl- a noisy fight and altercation.
Hint- affray - afra tafri mach gayi, matlab ladai ho gayi.
Hint- brawl- bawaal ho gya, matlab ladai ho gayi.
Annihilate (V.) - to destroy something completely so

that nothing is left
Syno- kill destroy, obliterate.
Example-
# a nuclear bomb can annihilate the all humanity.
Hint- annihilate- eliminate- you destroy completely.
Obliterate- destroy utterly, wipe out.

Example-
#the memory was so painful that he obliterated it from his mind.
Hint- obliterate- ol+b+literate = destroy illiteracy completely.

TARUN.SIR
Affable (Adj.) - friendly, good natured, easy to talk
Syno- amiable, friendly, genial, congenial, pleasing, cordial.
Example-
#an affable and agreeable companion
Hint- affable= sociable- lovable- laughable
Amalgamate (V.) - to combine or unite to form one

structure and organization
Example-
he amalgamated his company with another.
#the electricians' union is planning to
amalgamate With the technicians union.
Syno- combine, merge, unite, integrate, fuse, consolidate, mingle
Hint- a+male+game+mate= game in which male partners will

be united
Apprise (V.) - inform or to tell someone
Example-
#the minister was apprised of the dangerous situation.
#it thought it right to apprise venus of what had happened.
Syno- inform, notify, tell, make aware.
Hint- one who will inform will get prize.

TARUN.SIR
Arduous (Adj.) - difficult and tiring and needed a lot of effort
and energy
Example-
#an arduous journey
#an arduous task
Syno- laborious, strenuous, vigorous, back-breaking, stiff,

herculean, onerous, hard heavy, gruelling (task)
Hint- arduous= hard to do for us
Apprehend (V.) - arrest someone for a crime
Example-
#the police have finally apprehended the killer.
Syno- arrest, catch, capture, seize
Hint- up your hands said the FBI
to understand something or perceive

Example-
#science is the systematic method by which we apprehend
what is true about the real world in which we live.
Syno- comprehend= apprehend, realize, perceive, realize, grasp

TARUN.SIR
Ameliorate (V.) - improve or make better - to make a bad or
unpleasant situation better
Example-
#volunteers were able to ameliorate conditions in refuge
camps. #unless we ameliorate the condition of the working
class, we cannot expect the prosperity of the country.
Hint- Ameli= imli, imli improves the taste of the food
Amnesty (N.) - and official pardon for people who have been
convicted of political offences
Example-
# An amnesty for political prisoners.
Syno- reprieve
Hint- because of his Honesty he got amnesty

And I+am+nasty = i am nasty but my parents generally pardon
my mistakes.
Ancillary (Adj.) - providing support or help- to the primary

activities or operation of an organization
Example-
#ancillary staff
#ancillary workers
#he is serving in the ancillary unit of a multinational company.
Syno- auxiliary = ancillary, supplementary, accessory

TARUN.SIR
Agrarian (Adj.) - relating to cultivation of land, agriculture
Example-
#this is a prime agrarian land.
#inspite of agrarian reforms, indian agriculture has not
shown remarkable progress.
an agrarian place or country makes its money from farming

rather than industry
Example-
#this part of country is mainly agrarian.
Hint- agrarian= agri= agriculture or related to rural
Abrasive - rude or unfriendly or offensive
Example-
#nobody likes her for her abrasive and haughty behaviour.
#an unpleasant abrasive personality
Hint- abrasive- aggressive- harsh offensive= abrasive
a substance used for polishing, cleaning ahard surface by

rubbing or grinding
Example-
#the wood should be rubbed down with fine abrasive paper
#an abrasive cleaner
#an abrasive powder
#an abrasive liquid
Hint- ab+erasive= means rubbing away

TARUN.SIR
Amulet (N.) - an ornament or small piece of jewellery thought
to give protection against evil, danger or disease – Tabiizz
Syno- lucky charm, charm against evil, talisman
Example-
#sahil always wear a amulet around his neck.
Amulet- locket- bracelet
Blatant (Adj.) - of bad behaviour, done openly

and unashamedly
Example-
#A blatant lie.
#the whole episode was an blatant attempt to gain publicity.
#blatant disregard of law.
Syno- Flagrant, glaring, obvious, undisguised, unconcealed,

evident, blazing, conspicuous.
Blatant- conspicuously and offensive loud

Example-
#blatant radios.
Syno- clamant, clamorous, vociferous.
Hint- Blatant- BLOW an enemy TANK will rise uproar among the
TARUN.SIR
soldiers.
Bantering (N.) - good humoured and teasing conversation
Example-
#A bantering tone
#even his bantering was considered offensive.
Hint- bantering- ban tearing and to ban tears we crack jokes

and do joyful talks.
Broach (V.) - to bring up a difficult subject or debate for

discussion
Example-
#He broached the subject he had been avoiding all evening
#at some point we have got to discuss money but i don't know
how to broach the subject with him.
#the parents of the boy didn't even broach the issue of
marriage with simran.
Syno- raise, introduce, bring up, mention
Hint- when a boy appROACH the girl for the first time, he
needs to broach something.
Bereft (Adj.) - deprived of or lacking of something

TARUN.SIR
Example-
#Bereft of wealth and honour, he died miserable death.
#Alone now and almost penniless, he was bereft of hope.
#her room was dark and bereft of colour.
of a person sad or lonely, especially through someone's death

and departure
Example-
#His husband death in 1990 left her bereft.
Hint- Be+ reft= sounds like left, imagine a man who is left alone
after his girlfriend left him or deprived of someone lovable.
Bleak (Adj.) - dismal or gloomy, cold or unpleasant

Example-
#a bleak midwinter's day.
Offering little or no hope

Example-
#the economic outlook is bleak.
Bonanza (N.) - a situation which creates a sudden increase in

wealth, good fortunes or profit
Example-
#April was a bonanza month for car sales.
#the legacy left by his uncle proved bonanza for him and his
TARUN.SIR
family.
#the rise in house prices meant those who were selling enjoyed
a bonanza.
Syno- windfall, jackpot, godsend, sudden gain, boom, boon,

gold rush, blessing
Hint- bonanza comes from bonus, that is something

carrying good luck for you.
Bellicose (Adj.) - warlike aggressive and ready to fight)

( demonstrating aggression and willingness to fight
Example-
#Pakistan is a bellicose nation.
#India must approach bellicose approach with regard to her
security problems.
#bellicose young officers.
Syno- belligerent, aggressive, hostile, militant, warlike,
Hint- Belli+cose= belly cause= belli we can remember as sumo's

with huge bellis will fight each other so bellicose means warlike
Bereavement (N.) - death of a close relation and friend

TARUN.SIR
Example-
#she has recently suffered a bereavement.
Syno- loss, deprivation
Verb bereave
She has recently been bereaved.
To take something valuable and necessary from aperson
Hint- be + leave + ment = this is state when someone leave

us forever.
Berate (V.) - to scold or criticize someone angrily
Example-
#she berate herself for being fickle.
#as he left the meeting, he was berated by angry demonstrator.
#the father berated his son for being negligent in his study.
Syno- rebuke, reprimand, censure, reproach, reprove,

admonish, chastise, upbraid, castigate, lambaste
Hint- berate= B+rate if you will watch b rated movie you will be
soclded or criticize.
Beneficiary (N.) - person entitled to benefits

TARUN.SIR
Example-
#Those living below poverty line are the beneficiary of this
scheme.
Betroth (V.) - formally engage someone to be married
Example-
#she was betroth to her fiance last month.
Hint- don't plan to get married otherwise I BET ki tu ROTHA

hua aayega.
Bestow (V.) - to give something as honour or present or right

/ confer
Example-
#Nature has bestowed many gifts on man,
#bestowed high praise on the winners.
prepo- bestow-on
Hint- best people are bestowed with awards and trophies
Bid (N.) (V.) - an offer of a price, especially an auction

TARUN.SIR
Example-
#I made a bid of $150 dollar for the paintings.
Syno- offer, tender, proposal
an attempt or effort to achieve something

Example-
#He made a bid for power in 1984.
Syno- attempt, effort, endeavour, try
Baneful (Adj.) - extremely harmful / poisonous, ruinous
Example-
#Drugs have baneful effect on the mind of the youth.
#The baneful effects of corruption
Hint- baneful- painful, extremely harmful
Bravado (N.) - a show of courage and boldness intended

to impress or intimidate/ a swaggering show of Courage
Example-
#out sheer of bravado.
#He is full of bravado. But really he's a coward.
#It was an act of bravado.
#Retired soldiers often assume the airs of bravado.
TARUN.SIR
Hint- brave+do= act like brave but not brave , pretended bravery
Besmirch (V.) - damage someone's reputation
Example-
#He had besmirched the good name of his family.
#The opposition always tries to besmirch the reputation of the
ruling party.
Hint- bes+mirch = kisi ki achi reputation pe mirchi laga k bigadna
Berserk (Adj.) - out of control with anger or excitement, wild

or frenzied
Example-
#My mother will go berserk( be extremely angry) when she
finds out I've ruined her dress.
#A berserk worker who started smashing all the windows.
Syno- mad, crazy, insane, manic
Hint- be+ serk= sarak= sarak gaya hai ye to gusse se
Breach (N.) - an act of breaking a law, promise,

agreement and relationship/ violation of law duty and promise
TARUN.SIR
Example-
#He was sued for breach of contract.
#breach of good manners.
Hint- breach- to break
prepo- breach of
an opening or gap btw things

Example-
# a breach in the mountain wall.
Bizarre (Adj.) - very strange or unusual
Example-
#A bizarre situation.
#Bizarre behaviour
Syno- strange, peculiar, odd, offbeat, unconventional
Bode (V.) - indicate by signs, of something that will happen in

the future, usually something very good or bad/ to be an omen of
Syno- foretell, or predict
Example-
#the recent published figures bode well for the company's future.
#these signs bode bad news.
TARUN.SIR
#Frequent elections in the country bode ill for democracy in India.
Hint- forebode- bode

# board= board exams decide your future.
Blasphemous (Adj.) - words and actions that

considered offensive to god and religion
Example-
# A blasphemous remark
Collusion (N.) - illegal or secret conspiracy or cooperation

in order to deceive others
Example-
#the local M.P was found in collusion with the
smugglers operating in the town.
#They worked in collusion with the terrorist network.
Syno- conspiracy, connivance, complicity
Hint- collu- ullu banaya, vo fraud nikla
Contingency (N.) - a possibility that must be prepared for,

a future emergency
Example-
#A contingency plan.
TARUN.SIR
#Have you made any contingency plans.
#You must be able to deal with all possible contingencies.
#My father always maintain contingency fund to meet with
unforeseen expenses.
Syno- eventuality, possibility, incident, happening,

occurence, accident
Hint- contingency= emergency
Condone (V.) - to accept or allow behaviour that is

considered morally wrong or offensive
Example-
#His fault is too serious to be condoned.
#The college cannot condone any behaviour that involves illicit
drugs.
Syno- Overlook, forgive, disregard
Corroborate (V.) - confirm or give support to - a

statement, theory or finding/ strengthen as with new evidence
and facts/ make more certain
Example-
#Recent research seems to corroborate his theory.
#the witness corroborated the accused's statement.
Syno- confirm, verify, endorse, authenticate, validate, certify

TARUN.SIR
Hint- just focus on the borate part of this word, borate test is
confirmatory test in chemistry.
Conclave (N.) - a private meeting
Example-
#A conclave of political leaders.
Syno- gathering, conference, convention, convocation, council,
Hint- con+cave= conversation in cave=

secret/confidential meeting
Construe (V.) - to interpret - a word or action - in a

particular way.
Example-
#any changes to plan would be construed as indecision.
#you can construe this idea in different ways.
Syno- understand , read, see, analyse, decode
Hint- you need to CONcentrate to decode TRUE message.
Cryptic (Adj.) - mysterious, hidden or difficult to understand

TARUN.SIR
Example-
#I got a cryptic text message from Chuchu.
#Cryptic writing.
Syno- enigmatic, confusing, perplexing, puzzling,

obscure, abstruse, deep, mystifying
Hint- cypt sounds secret
Commensurate (Adj.) - equal in proportion/ of the same

size, extent, duration as another
Example-
#your salary will be commensurate with skills, age
and experience.
#sentence commensurate with the crime.
#the income of Indian farmer is hardly commensurate with
the labour he has to do.
Syno- suitable, acceptable, equivalent, corresponding,

comparable, proportionate
Commodious (Adj.) - roomy, spacious, comfortable
Example-
#A commodious apartment
#they moved to a more commodious dwelling.
TARUN.SIR
Syno- capacious, ample, sizeable, large, big, broad, wide
Hint- something which can accommodate more commodity
Compunction (N.) - feeling of regret, remorse/ a slightly guilty

feeling about something you have done or might do
Example-
#He stole the money without compunction.
#Even the hard core criminals felt compunction at the
injustice they had done to the family of their rivals.
Hint- Kampan - shivers, when you have done something

wrong, you shiver with guilt.
Callow (N.) - of a young person, inexperienced or immature
Example-
#A callow young man.
#Though he is a callow now, he will gain experience by and by.
Hint- cal+low= low calibre, somone who has low calibre is

inexperienced
Or cant+allow =immature person cant allow to do this.
Chagrin (N.) - disappointment or annoyance, especially

when caused by failure and mistake
TARUN.SIR
Example-
#the defeat of our team filled us with chagrin.
#to her chagrin, the party ended just as she arrived.
#my has never shown interest in study, much to my chagrin.
Syno- annoyance, irritation, vexation, displeasure,

anger, embarrassment , embarrass
Hint- chai gir gayi on my pant making it very embarrassing

for me.
Calibre (N.) - ability, capacity, talent and one's character

as well
Example-
#A musician of high calibre.
#I was impressed by the high calibre of the candidates.
#an executive of low calibre.
#A man of high calibre (personal character)
Cede (V.) - to surrender possession of / give up- power of

territory
Example-
#especially by treat, and unwillingly.
#Indian should never cede an inch of land to any foreign country.
#In 1857, the islands were ceded to Britain.
TARUN.SIR
Syno- surrender, concede, relinquish, yield
Covert (Adj.) - hidden or implied - not openly acknowledged

or displayed
Example-
#covert military operations.
#Covert jealousy.
#Covert action by CBI
Syno- secret, furtive, clandestine, surreptitious, stealthy,

cloak and dagger, hole and corner
Hint- covert sounds like covered
Catastrophe (N.) - a sudden event that causes a great deal of

damage and destruction
Example-
#The world is heading towards an environmental catastrophe.
#A catastrophe in the form of cyclone has struck the coastal
cities of India.
Syno- disaster, calamity, cataclysm, crisis, holocaust,

TARUN.SIR
Connivance (N.) - willingness to allow or be involved in
illegal or immoral act - pretence of ignorance, overlook
Example-
#this infringement of the law had been taken place with
the connivance of the officials.
#The crime had been carried out with the police connivance.
Syno- collusion, complicity, collaboration,

involvement, assistance, secret approval, tacit consent
Hint- sounds like convenience- today everybody is convenient

in ignoring the wrong thing.
Connive (V.) - to cooperate secretly in an illegal or wrongful

action, collude
Example-
#the dealers connived with officials to bring in narcotics.
#she connived with the senior official.
Officials were accused of conniving with the company in
the supply of arms to hussain.
#she is seen as conniving, greedy woman-adj.
#he is a conniving bastard.
#scheming, plotting, conspiring- adj.
Hint- connive- cons- pire- conspire to do something

TARUN.SIR
Countermand (V.) - to cancel/ reverse/ revoke - a previously
issued command or order
Example-
#an orders to arrest the strike leaders has been
countermanded. #the election commission has countermanded
the election of the M.L.A for over spending in elections.
Syno- revoke, reverse, undo
Hint- counter+ command= so counter the previous command
Conflagration (N.) - a large fire that causes a lot of damage
Example-
#all the stock was destroyed in a warehouse conflagration.
#the conflagration spread rapidly through the wooden buildings.
a large and violent event, such as a war, involving a lot of

people Example-
#the govt. Has turned a minor local problem into a full
blown regional conflagration.
Syno- fire, blaze, inferno, holocaust, firestorm
Hint- if you check the word flag in above word, watching our
flag high fills our hearts with extra josh and ignites a fire within
us when we salute it.
TARUN.SIR
Compliant (Adj.) - willing to comply with, or obey the rules, in
a submissive way
Example-
#a compliant labour force.
#a Compliant child.
#A person with a complaint nature.
#He is admired for his complaint nature.
Hint- one who never complains and obeys everything is

compliant.
Syno- acquiescent, biddable, complaisant, cooperative,

adaptable, docile and flexible
Condign (Adj.) - fitting, deserved, adequate - appropriate to

the crime or wrongdoing - of punishment or retribution
Example-
#Condign punishment is rare when the criminal is a man of high
social standing.
#No punishment, whatsoever is condign for rapist.
Chary (Adj.) - cautiously or suspiciously reluctant to

do something
TARUN.SIR
Example-
#I was chary of the risk involved.
#He is chary of getting involved.
#Be chary of lending money to someone you don't know very
well.
#we should always be chary of the strangers.
Syno- wary, cautious, circumspect, heedful, careful,

mindful, watchful
Hint- chary sounds like wary- cautious
Coerce (V.) - to persuade someone forcefully to do something

that they are unwilling to do
Example-
#He was coerced into giving evidence.
#She was coerced by her husband into bringing money from
her parents.
#to coerce someone into signing a document.
Syno- pressure, pressurize, repress, force, push
Hint- coerce sounds like force, when somebody is coercing you

when somebody is coercing you, they are forcing you to do
something.
TARUN.SIR
Confound (V.) - to confuse and very much surprise someone,
so that they are unable to explain or deal with a situation
Example-
#The inflation figure confounded economic analysts.
#an elderly man from India, has confounded doctors
by recovering after he was officially declared dead
Syno- amaze, astonish, dumbfound, stagger, surprise,

startle, stun, stupefy, daze, non plus, befuddle,
Hint- confusion found- confound
Cavil (V.) – complain
Example-
#they cavilled at the cost.
#please don't cavil about insignificant matters.
#this is not the time to cavil about petty details.
Syno- complain, carp, grumble, moan, find fault
Charisma (N.) - compelling attractiveness, spiritual grace -

aura, charm
Example-
#Narendra Modi has tremendous charisma and stage
presence. #On screen Deepika has this great charisma so that
you can't take your eyes off her.
TARUN.SIR
Castigate (V.) - criticize or punish
Example-
#the thief was castigated by the police.
Carping (Adj.) - critical or complaining- tending to make

petty complaints, difficult to please
Example-
#She has silenced the carping critics with a successful
debut movie.
#Carping critics were responsible for the miserable life of
the English poet, john keats.
Hint- car+parking= many people find fault in car parking style
Deleterious (Adj.) – harmful
Example-
#we should always beware of the deleterious effect of
overeating. #These drugs have proven deleterious effect on the
nervous system.
Syno- detrimental, injurious, damaging, adverse,

unfavourable, undesirable )
TARUN.SIR
Defile (V.) - spoil the purity of something
Example-
#The land was defiled was previous owner.
#Defile a river with sewage.
Syno- pollute, to make filthy, dirty, spoil, sully, mar,

debase, degrade
Dilapidation (N.) - a state of deterioration due to old age

or long use
Example-
#The mill was in state of dilapidation.
#Ancients monuments in our town are in the state of dilapidation.
Disdain (N.) (V.) - to consider to be unworthy of one's

consideration
to regard or treat with contempt
Example-
#He regards the political process with disdain.
#He always disdains what he considers dishonest.
#Critics who disdained the writers as a hack.
Dire (Adj.) - extremely serious or urgent – disastrous
Example-
#Misuse of drugs can have dire consequences.
#These people are in dire need of help.- urgent
#He gave a dire warning that an earthquake was imminent.
TARUN.SIR
#In dire need- urgent
Syno- terrible, awful, dreadful, frightful, horrible,

atrocious, alarming
Dissipate (V.) - with reference to feelings and emotions –

disappear
Example-
#The concern she had felt for him had wholly dissipated.
#His anger dissipated as the situation became clear.
Syno- disappear, vanish, evaporate, dissolve
waste or fritter away - money, energy, or

resources Example-
#He inherited but then dissipated his father's fortune.
#the heat gradually dissipates into the atmosphere.
Syno- squander, misspend, waste.
Hint- di+SIP+ATE+ = a life of drinking and eating, thus

spending a lot and pursuing the pleasure.
Devout (Adj.) - religious, pious
Example-
#my mother is devout and god fearing.
Dint (N.) - force or effort, power

TARUN.SIR
Example-
#He succeeded by dint of hard work.
#She got what she wanted by dint of pleading and threatening.
#you can attain success by dint of hard work.
Dormant (Adj.) - torpid, hidden, latent - not active
Example-
#Adversity brings out dormant qualities in a person to overcome
the problems.
#they have a huge reserve of latent talents.
Divulge (V.) - reveal, unravel, make known - private or

sensitive info
Example-
#He tried to gain my favour by divulging the secrets of my friends.
#journalists do not divulge their sources.
#the CEO refused to divulge how much she earned.
Syno- disclose, tell, impart,
Hint- divulge- to indulge
Defunct (Adj.) - no longer existing, or functioning
Example-
#Member of a now defunct communist organization.
#A defunct political organization.
TARUN.SIR
#a defunct law.
Syno- disused, no longer in use, obsolete, non- functioning )
Hint- de= without, fun= functioning= dead
Delusion (N.) - a false belief or opinion - belief in something

that is not true
Example-
#He is under the delusion that he will be promoted this year.
#The delusion of being watched.
#we should never be under delusion about our capability.
Syno- misconception, misunderstanding, misbelief
the action of deluding - deception, misleading

Example-
#What a capacity television has for delusion.
Deplete (V.) - use up, supply - money and energy - reduced

or exhaust
Example-
#fish stocks are severely depleted.
#supplies are depleting fast.( reduced)
#India has recklessly depleted her forest resources
after independence.
#Measures have been taken to protect the world's
depleted elephant population.
Syno- exhaust, consume, expend, spend, drain, empty,

TARUN.SIR
Hint- if you de(remove)+ from plate.. You will reduce its contents.
Debauch (V.) (N.) - destroy or debase the moral purity of;

corrupt
Example-
#Hitler debauched the moral climate of Germany.
#Lenin said that the best way to destroy the capitalist system
was to debauch the currency.
#Debauch the young people with wine and women.
#some T.V. Channels have debauched the morals and
manners of the youth of our country.
Excessive indulgence in sex, alcohol and drugs.

Example-
#Tarun looked utterly untouched by the previous night's debauch.
#a life of debauchery.
Hint- de+bauch(when pronounced sounds like boss)- so you think

that your BOSS is morally corrupt.
Dovetail (V.) (N.) - fit together - fit or cause to fit

together easily and conveniently
Example-
#their results dovetail nicely with ours.
#we tried to dovetails our plans with theirs.
#He dovetailed his arguments to the desired conclusion.
#you can be benefitted only if you dovetail these two schemes
to cut down the cost of the material.
TARUN.SIR
Syno- coincide, match, fit, equate, harmonize, correspond
A type of joint used to fix two pieces of wood firmly together
Decoy (N.) (V.) - lure or bait
Example-
#something or someone used to trick or confuse other people
or animals into doing something, especially something
dangerous #they used a girl as the decoy to get him stop.
#A goat is often used as a decoy by the hunters to catch a lion.
Lure or entice, typically into a trap.

Example-
#they would try to decoy the enemy towards the hidden groups.
Syno- lure, entice, induce
Hint- decoy sounds like DACOIT, what does a dacoit

do? Lures victim into danger.
decoy traps animals and persons.
Daunt (V.) - to make someone feel intimidated

or apprehensive
Example-
#To make someone feel slightly frightened or worried about
their ability to achieve something
#She was not at all daunted by the size of the problem.
#Some people are daunted by the technology.
#One should never be daunted by difficulties in life.
TARUN.SIR
#don't be daunted by the work.
Syno- intimidate, dash, frighten away, frighten off, scare

away, scare off
Hint- daunt- haunt = if you are frightened you will be

discouraged to go into the haunted house.
Intimidate (V.) - to frighten or threaten someone, usually in

order to persuade them to do something that you want them to do
Example-
#The police intimidated the suspect into signing a false statement.
#her boss intimidates him.
Deride (V.) - to laugh at, write about dismissively

or contemptuously
Example-
#to laugh at someone or something in a way that shows you
think they are stupid or of no value.
#He derided my singing as pathetic.
#He is in the habit of deriding the achievements of his friends.
#the decision was derided by the captain.
Syno- ridicule, mock
Hint- ride- ridicule

TARUN.SIR
Debacle (N.) – a sudden or complete failure - because
of bad planning and organization – fiasco
Example-
#the debacle of our team.
#the collapse of the company was described as the
greatest financial debacle in US history.
Syno- fiasco, failure, catastrophe, disaster
Hint- DE- BUCKLE(belt)= as in belt's buckle got removed on

the stage- which is a complete disaster, or failure.
Deployment (N.) - spreading out troops - where they can

be used or needed
Example-
#the govt has promised the deployment of additional troops
during elections.
#The chief of police ordered the deployment of 300 troops to try to
stop the rioting.
Diffident (Adj.) - shy or not confident of one's abilities
Example-
#she was diffident when offering a comment on the
professor's lecture.
#He was too diffident to express his opinion.
#a diffident youth.
#A successful teacher is not expected to be diffident.
Syno- shy, timid, modest, bashful, unconfident, unassertive

TARUN.SIR
Hint- diffident- difficult to be confident.
Desecrate (V.) - to violate the sacredness of something

holy or respected, profane
Example-
#Treat - a sacred thing or place - with violent disrespect.
#It's a crime to desecrate the country's flag.
#the rioters desecrated the religious places.
Hint- de+scared= spoiling the sacredness of someting
Dulcet (Adj.) - sweet and soothing - sound/taste
Example-
#pleasing to ear, melodious.
#As a singer jagjit singh is known for his dulcet voice.
#Record the dulcet tones of your family and friends.
#Her beautiful, dulcet voice.
Syno- sweet- sounding, euphonious, soothing, mellow, pleasant
Hint- Dil se song sounds sweet to the ear.
Deranged (Adj.) - mad, insane
Example-
#A deranged criminal.
#A deranges mind.
TARUN.SIR
#to be mentally deranged.
#A deranged man shot and killed 14 people in the main square.
Hint- de+range= to be off the mental range= insane
Demur (V.) (N.) - raise objections or show reluctance -

or refuse
Example-
#Demurred the suggestion.
#The lawyer requested a break in the court case, but the judge
demurred.
#normally she would have accepted the challenge, but
she demurred.
Syno- object, protest, refuse,
the action of objecting or hesitating over

something Example-
#They accepted this ruling without demur.
#She entered without demur.
#She agreed to his request without demur.
Syno- objection, protest, complaint, opposition, resistance
Hint- sounds like damn! You are wrong! OBJECT
Demure (Adj.) - reserved, modest or shy= especially woman
Example-
#quiet and well behaved.
TARUN.SIR
#she is both demure and introvert.
#she gave him a demure smile.
#A demure outfit.
Syno- modest, unassuming, meek, mild, quiet, shy, reticent, timid
Hint- demur is the one who objects, and demure is who does not
object, who is reserved and shy.
Dilatory (Adj.) - inclined to delay or waste time
Example-
#Dilatory tactics in politics.
#Dilatory behaviour.
#they resorted to dilatory tactics, forcing a postponement of peace
talks.
#a dilatory strategy.
slow to act
Example-
#dilatory in his work habits.
#he had been dilatory in appointing a solicitor.
Syno- slow, unhurried, unpunctual, slack, sluggish, lazy,

idle, indolent, slothful
Hint- dilatory= daily late=he is daily late to office so his work

is delayed and not completed.
TARUN.SIR
Engross (V.) - fully absorbed, giving all your attention to
something.
Example-
#They seemed to be engrossed in conversation.
#She was so engrossed in the book that she forgot the cookies
in the oven.
#she did not talk to me because she was engrossed in writing
a letter.
Syno- preoccupy, absorb, engage, engulf,
Enormity (N.) - the great or extreme scale seriousness,

great wickedness
Example-
#the enormity of the task was overwhelming.
#the enormity of the crime.
#he is a hardened criminal and is insensitive to the enormity of his
crimes.
Extant (N.) - still in existence, surviving, not destroyed,

lost or extinct.
Example-
#We have some extant records form the 16th century.
#Extant manuscripts.
Hint- opposite of extinct

TARUN.SIR
Ecstasy (N.) - a state of extreme happiness, especially
when feeling pleasure
Example-
#sexual ecstasy.
#there was a look of ecstasy on his face.
Syno- rapture, bliss, euphoria
Effigy (N.) – dummy
Example-
#the effigy of American president was burnt by the crowd.
Syno- statue, statuette, carving, sculpture, model, dummy, figure
Exorbitant (N.) - of a price or amount charged

- unreasonably high
Example-
#Exorbitant prices, demands etc. are too much large
#It is very difficult to hire taxi because of the exorbitant charges.
#Exorbitant rent.
#The bill for dinner was exorbitant.
#some hotels charge exorbitant rates for phone calls.
Syno- extremely high, excessively high, excessive,

extortionate, Sky- high, immoderate, enormous, huge, inflated
Hint- ex(out)+orbit= this is out of orbit.

TARUN.SIR
Embezzlement (N.) (V.) - theft or misappropriation of
funds placed in one's trust, or belonging to one's employer
Example-
#to secretly take money that is in your care or that belongs to
an organization or business you work for. #Charges of fraud
and embezzlement.
#most of the politicians involved in embezzlement of public
money are still at large.
#She embezzled thousands of dollars from the charity
Syno- misappropriation, theft, robbery
Hint- when the thieves were trying to enter and rob the bank,
the alarm suddenly starts buzzing.
Enamoured (Adj.) (V.) - in love with, fascinated, captivated,

charmed
Example-
#When I was young I was totally enamoured of him.
#everyone was enamoured of the scenic beauty of the landscape.
#if you are enamoured of something, you like it or admire it a lot.
#I became totally enamoured of the wildflowers there.
#She was truly enamoured of new Delhi
#If you are enamoured of a person, you are in love with him.
#It's not difficult to see why she is enamoured of him.
Syno- in love with, infatuated with, love-struck by, captivated

by, charmed by, enchanted by, fascinated by.
TARUN.SIR
Exonerate (V.) - absolve, acquit, to free from blame
Example-
#The report exonerated the crew from all responsibility for the
collision.
#After long legal battle, he was exonerated of murder charges.
hint- ex(gone)+ honor(pride)= to bring back your gone or

fallen honour by getting the blame off you.
Expunge (V.) - remove completely
Example-
#His name has been expunged from the list of the members.
#he had tried to expunge the experience from his memory.
Syno- erase, remove, delete, strike out
Hint- expunge rhymes with sponge, which is used to remove dirt.
Extol (V.) - praise something or someone very much
Example-
#she is forever extolling the virtues of her children.
#extol one's spouse's cooking.
Syno- laud, glorify, praise

TARUN.SIR
Hint- extol= ex+tol= my ex girlfriend always praised the "tall
guys highly in front of me"
Emulate (V.) - match or surpass - a person or

achievement typically by imitation.
Example-
#an older pupil whose accomplishments and style I emulated.
#most rulers wished to emulate Alexander the great.
#he is emulating the skating skills of her sister.
Syno- imitate, copy, reproduce, follow
Hint- emulate- imitate
Estranged (Adj.) - separate and living apart from one's

spouse, no longer friendly or alienated
Example-
#the estranged husband and wife are living separately.
#art that is estranged from its historical culture.
#A reunion with his estranged wife.
Syno- alienate, antagonize, make hostile or unfriendly
Hint- eStrange- looks like stranger. We are always alienated

towards stranger.
TARUN.SIR
Expediency (N.) - practical, advantageous, convenience
Example-
#inclination towards methods that are advantageous rather than
fair.
#the quality of being convenient and practical despite possibly
being improper or immoral.
#a politician guided by expediency rather than
principal. #I think this government operates on the
basis of expediency(laabh), not of principal.
#those who hanker after material gains are often guided
by expediency and not by moral sense.
Syno- convenience, advantage, usefulness, benefit, utility, profit,

gain.
Extraneous (Adj.) - irrelevant or unrelated to the subject

being dealt with
Example-
#not constituting an essential or vital part.
#these questions are extraneous to the issue being discussed.
#just give me the basic facts, with no extraneous details.
Syno- impertinent, unrelated, unconnected, inappropriate,

pointless
TARUN.SIR
external coming from the outside.
Example-
#extraneous noise.
Syno- external, outside, exterior, extrinsic, outward
Hint- think of new channels.. Extra+news= in order to get

trp, news channels show irrelevant or unrelated things hence
the news are most of the time extraneous.
Extort (V.) - obtain something or money by force, threats,

or other unfair means
Example-
#he attempted to extort money from the company.
#He had been extorting money from the old lady for years.
Evasive (Adj.) - tending to avoid self-revelation,

especially by responding only indirectly
Example-
#intentionally vague or ambiguous, equivocal.
#she was evasive about her phone number.
#the police could not make out anything of her evasive replies.
#he gave evasive answers.
Syno- elusive, ambiguous, equivocal, indefinite,

vague, imprecise,
TARUN.SIR
avoiding or escaping from difficulty or
danger Example-
#they decided to take evasive action.
#pilots are taught to take evasive action.
#by the time the pilot realized how close the plane was to
the building, it was too late to take evasive action.
Hint- evade- avoid.
Ennui (N.) - mental boredom
Example-
#a feeling of being bored and mentally tired caused by having
nothing interesting or exciting to do.
#he suffered from ennui whenever he was alone.
Syno- boredom, tedium, lethargy,
Exquisite (Adj.) - extremely beautiful and delicate
Example-
#look at this exquisite painting.
#an exquisite face.
#exquisite work of art.
Syno- beautiful, lovely, elegant, graceful.

TARUN.SIR
intense or sharp
Example-
#used to describe feelings such as pleasure or pain that are
extremely strong, or qualities that are extremely good or great.
#suffered exquisite pain.
#felt exquisite pleasure.
Syno- intense, acute, keen, sharp, severe
Hint- please don't squeeze it. It's extremely beautiful.
Encomium (N.) – praise a speech or piece of writing

that praises someone or something highly
Example-
#every member of the family showered encomium on his
grand success.
Syno- eulogy, panegyric,
Hint- INCOME- people of high income are formally praised

for their large donations.
Erudite (Adj.) - having or showing great knowledge

or learning
TARUN.SIR
Example-
#he could turn any conversation into an erudite discussion.
#I found him a charming and erudite companion.
#an erudite professor.
Syno- learned, scholarly, well educated, knowledgeable,

well read, wll informed, intellectual
Hint- taken from- rude+ite.. In olden days people who were highly
educated were basically very rude.. As they were having profound
knowledge of a subject they use to behave very rudely with less
educated or illiterates people.
Erode (V.) - to slowly reduce or destroy something
Example-
#her confidence eroded.
#the desire for material success has eroded our concern for
the poor.
#jealousy eroded the relationship.
to rub or be rubbed away gradually

Example-
#to wear something away by erosion.
#the cliffs on this coast have been eroded by the sea.
#wind and rain have eroded the statues into shapeless lumps of
stone.
Errode- corrode
TARUN.SIR
Eschew (V.) - to avoid something intentionally or to

give something up
Example-
#We won't have discussions with this group unless they
eschew violence.
#he appealed to the crowd to eschew violence.
#he eschewed publicity and avoided nightclubs.
Syno- forgo, forswear, shun, renounce, relinquish, refrain from
Hint- es+chew= chewing a chewing gum is a bad habit while

working in an office, so you must avoid this habit.
Epoch (N.) - period of time or era, especially one considered

remarkable or noteworthy.
Example-
#the Victorian epoch.
#the exact duration of Indus valley civilization epoch has not
been determined so far.
Syno- era, age, period, time, aeon, span
Hint- epics are based on epoch's

TARUN.SIR
Endemic (Adj.) - Prevalent in or limited to a
particular locality, region or people
Example-
#Malaria is endemic in many of the hotter regions of the world.
#endemic disease.
#endemic unemployment.
Note- endemic is found something in a certain place and is

ongoing, and epidemic describes a disease that's widespread.
Expiate (V.) - make amends or reparation for - guilt or

wrongdoing
Example-
#atone for-
#to show that you are sorry for bad behavior by doing something
or accepting punishment.
#to expiate a crime/sin.
#their sins must be expiated by sacrifice.
#he is ready to expiate his sins by giving up irresponsible way
of life.
Embellish (V.) - to make beautiful by ornamentation,

decorate
Example-
TARUN.SIR
#to make a statement or story more interesting by adding
extra details that are often untrue.
#the ceiling was embellished with flowers and leaves.
#the writer generally embellish their style by the use
of unnecessary imagery.
#followers often embellish stories about their heroes.
Hint- emBEllish … we add bell to the christmas trees to adorn it.
Exodus (N.) - a departure of a large number of people
Example-
#there has been mass exodus of workers from the villages to
the towns.
Hint- exodus.. Sounds like ek sau(100 in hindi)+ dus(bus)+=

means 100 buses carrying hundreds of pilgrims are just leaving
from the bus depot.
Errant (Adj.) - erring or straying from the accepted course

or standards
Examples-
#failing to adhere to guidelines or moral standards.
#behaving wrongly in some way
#an errant husband.
#errant children/ youngsters.
#many errant students were punished.
TARUN.SIR
Hint- Same as aberrant
Errand (N.) - short visit or fetch something
Example-
#a Short visit to perform a specified task, usually for another.
#I'll meet you at six, I have got some errands to do/run first.
#my servant has gone on errand to fetch rations.
Syno- task, job, chore, assignment.
Erroneous (Adj.) - wrong, incorrect, false
Example-
#employers sometime make erroneous assumptions.
#an erroneous belief.
#an erroneous conclusions.
Syno- wrong, incorrect, mistaken, inaccurate, false
Hint- error in us - something that is full of errors and mistakes
Envisage (V.) - to imagine or expect something in the future,

especially something good
Example-
TARUN.SIR
#to conceive an image or a picture of, especially as a
future possibility.
#train fare increases of 15 percent are envisaged for the next
year.
#I can't envisage being married to someone like him.
Syno- foresee, predict, forecast, foretell, anticipate, expect,

envision
Hint- en'vis'age= vis= visualize something which is not present.
Emancipate (V.) - to free from bondage, repression, liberate
Example-
#female emancipation.
#emancipated the slaves.
#Raja Ram Mohan Roy tried to emancipate women from
many social evils.
Syno- liberated, independent, unconstrained, unrepressed, free
Hint- cip=ship, a man is set free to travel in ship to his own

country
Fray (N.) - a noisy fight or brawl
Example-
#to join the fight or argument
TARUN.SIR
#A heated dispute or intensely competitive situation.
#with a third country about to enter the fray, the fighting looks set
to continue.
#members of the royal family rarely enter the political fray.
hint- affray, disturbance, ruffle
Facile (Adj.) - done or achieved with little effort or difficulty,

easy.
Example-
#a facile victory.
#a facile performance.
ignoring the true complexities of an issue, superficial

Example-
#simplistic, oversimple, superficial,
#presented without due care, effort or examination
#we don't need another facile solution to a complex problem.
#a facile answer to a hard question.
expressing yourself clearly, smoothly, easily, fluently

Example-
#a facile writer
#a facile writing style.
Hint- fluent fluent baat kare fassayi(facile)

TARUN.SIR
Fallible (Adj.) - capable of making mistakes or being wrong
Example-
#humans are only fallible.
#we place our trust in doctors, but they are fallible like everyone
else.
#experts can be fallible.
#man is fallible.
Fervent (Adj.) - having or showing great emotion or

zeal, ardent
Example-
#fervent protests, a fervent admirer
#a fervent desire to change society
#a fervent supporter of the revolution.
Syno- impassioned, passionate, intense, vehement,

ardent, sincere, profound
Fete (N.) - a festival or feast, an outdoor entertainment,

carnival
Example-
#a summer fete.
#A charity fete was held in our college yesterday.
TARUN.SIR
Syno- gala, garden party, fair,
Foolhardy (Adj.) - unwisely bold or venturesome
Example-
#recklessly bold, rash
#it would be foolhardy to go into the scheme without
support. #many believe that trying for impossible things is
foolhardy attempt.
#he had to be restrained from foolhardy action.
#foolhardy enough to try to seize the gun from the hijacker.
#a foolhardy sailor would take the risk of sailing in bad weather.
Syno- reckless, rash, incautious, careless, heedless,

unheeding, thoughtless, unwise, imprudent, impulsive
Fiat (N.) - an order given by a person in authority
Example-
#government fiat.
#the court issued a fiat to both the parties to maintain status quo.
Hint- Fiat is such a good car that is has a "command" on

the other cars.
TARUN.SIR
Fitful (Adj.) - irregular - often stopping and starting and not
happening in a regular or continuous way
Example-
#fitful breathing.
#a fitful sleep.
#a few hours' fitful sleep.
Syno- intermittent, sporadic, spasmodic, broken,

disturbed, irregular, abruptly
Hint- fits and start.
Fraught (Adj.) - filled with something undesirable, and

unpleasant things such as problems and dangers
Example-
#marketing any new product is fraught with danger.
#the negotiations have been fraught with difficulties right from
the start.
#security problems on our borders is fraught with danger.
#words fraught with meaning.
Syno- full of, filled with, loaded with, charged with
causing extreme worry or anxiety

Example-
#the atmosphere in the office is rather fraught.
#she looks rather fraught, a fraught situation.
TARUN.SIR
Syno- anxious, worried, upset, distraught, distressed
Fortitude (N.) - courage in pain or adversity
Example-
#i thought she showed remarkable fortitude during that period.
#she endured her illness with great fortitude.
#one must face the problems of life with fortitude.
Syno- courage, bravery, strength
Ferment - a state of confusion, change and lack of order

or fighting
Example-
#commotion and agitation.
#the resignation of the president has left the country in ferment.
#A period of political and religious ferment.
Syno- tumult, bustle, flurry, hubbub, stir, fuss, clamor.
Hint- ferment- firm+end= firm means stable, ferment brings end

to firmness.
TARUN.SIR
Franchise (N.) - a right to sell a company's products in a
particular area using the company's name
Example-
#a fast food franchise.
#A franchise holder.
the right to vote in an election, especially in order to elect

a parliament or similar law-making organization
Example-
#American women worked for decades to win the franchise.
Hint- Any company can open its branches(franchise)
Foible (N.) - a minor weakness or failing of character
Example-
#A strange habit or characteristic that is seen as not important
and not harming anyone
#we all have our little foibles.
#they have to tolerate each other's little foibles.
#human foibles and weakness.
Syno- weakness, failing, flaw, imperfection, defect, fault,
Flout (V.) - reject, openly disregard- a rule, law - disobey,

TARUN.SIR
Example-
#to intentionally not obey a rule, law, or custom.
#Many motorcyclists flout the law by not wearing helmets.
#The orchestra decided to flout tradition/convention, and
wear their everyday clothes for the concert.
Syno- defy, refuse to obey, go against, rebel against
Hint- Flout= foul+out= when a player is sent out by foul,

the player shows his contempt for the refree.
Foment (V.) - instigate or stir up( an undesirable or

violent sentiment or course of action
Example-
#they accused him of fomenting political unrest.
#the song was banned on the grounds that it might foment
racial tension.
Syno- instigate, incite, provoke, agitate, excite,

arouse, encourage, generate, cause, prompt
Hint- ferment- foment
Furtive (Adj.) - secretive, surreptitious, stealthy, sneaky
Example-
#behaving secretly and often dishonestly
TARUN.SIR
#they spent a furtive day together.
#she entered the room with furtive steps to avoid the attention
of the teacher.
Hint- one who is Fartive has to expel farts stealthily.
Frantic (Adj.) - highly excited with strong emotion such

as worry or frustration
Example-
#she was frantic with worry.
#frantic with anger and frustration.
Conducted in a hurried, excited and disorganized way

Example-
#Made a frantic last-minute search for the lost key.
#rescuers were engaged in a frantic all night effort to reach the
survivors before their supply of air ran out.
Frigid (Adj.) - extremely cold
Example-
#frigid water.
Syno- bitter, freezing, frozen, frosty, chilly
unfriendly or very formal

Example-
TARUN.SIR
#a frigid refusal to a request.
#one must not be frigid in one's attitude towards his near
and dear ones.
Syno- stiff formal, stony, indifferent, unresponsive
unable to be sexually aroused

Example-
#I have never been good at rejecting people, so I told him I
was frigid.
Syno- unresponsive, cold-blooded, cold-hearted
Flair (N.) - natural ability to do something well
Example-
#our Pm has flair for glib talk.
#she had a flair for interior decorating.
#he has a flair for mathematics.
Syno- aptitude, talent, gift, instinct, ability, capability,

capacity. skill
stylishness and originality

Example-
#she dressed with flair.
#He played with great imagination and flair.
TARUN.SIR
#to dress with flair.
Syno- style, elegance
Faux pas (N.) - a social blunder
Example-
#an embarrassing or tactless act or remark in a social situation.
#I made some remark about his wife's family, and then I realized
I'd made a serious faux pas.
#he made an embarrassing faux pas.
Syno- gaffe, blunder, mistake, a socially awkward act, gaucherie
Hint- faux can be thought of as focus, and when focus loses(pas)

then we commit a social blunder.
Flux (n.) - continuous change
Example-
#our plans are in a state of flux at the moment.
#his opinions are in flux
#no foreign minister would like to invest in a country where
the state of economy is in a flux.
A flow or flowing of a liquid
Hint- flux means flow, something that flows, undergoes through

TARUN.SIR
change.
Fracas (N.) - a noisy disturbance or quarrel
Example-
#he was injured in a Saturday-night fracas outside a disco. #the
mob gathered in the street when there was fracas between the
two neighbors.
Syno- affray, altercation
Hint- fracas= imagine a freak ass having a noisy quarrel with

people.
Freak (Adj.) - very unusual and unexpected event

or situation
Example-
#the teacher says the accident was a total freak.
#the village was destroyed by a freak storm.
A person, animal, or plant with an unusual physical

abnormality Example-
#I was born with black hair all over my back, like some sort of
freak.
#It is just an example of his freak behavior because he normally
doesn't behave in this manner.
TARUN.SIR
Verb- behave or cause to behave in a wild and irrational way,
typically because of the effects of extreme emotion.
Example-
#he freaked out and smashed the place up.
#My parents freaked out when I told them I was pregnant.
Syno- go crazy, go mad, go out of one's mind
Fawning (Adj.) - displaying exaggerated flattery of

affection, obsequious.
Example-
#praising someone too much and giving them a lot of
attention that is not sincere in order to get a positive reaction.
#fawning adoration.
#one must be wary of fawning admirers because they
have always as axe to grind.
Hint- relate it with FAN.. Imagine of a crazy FAN who always try
to exhibit his affection and court a favor to be with you whole day
by flattering with you.
Fecundity (N.) - the quality or power of producing

abundantly, (fruitfulness or fertility
Example-
#the intellectual productivity of a creative imagination.
#The fecundity of a poet's imagination makes a poem an
TARUN.SIR
exquisite work of art.
#a fecund imagination.
Foray (N.) - a sudden attack into enemy territory, especially

to obtain something; a raid
Example-
#the foray against the enemy outpost met with an
unexpected success.
Syno- raid, attack, assault, incursion, swoop, strike,
A venture or an initial attempt - especially outside your usual

areas of competence
Example-
#an actor's foray into politics.
#a foray into real estate.
Hint- foray- vo rahe maro maro, foray-raid.
Guileless (Adj.) - honest, innocent and without deception
Example-
#she is so guileless that she will believe anyone.
#his face, once so open and guileless.
#free from guile, cunning, deceit
TARUN.SIR
Syno- artless, ingenuous, open, honest, sincere, genuine, naïve,
childlike, innocent, unsophisticated, trustful
Hint- guile means to deceive, guile+less means no

deception, only honesty
Glib (adj.) – fluent - speaking in a confident way, but without

careful thought or honest
Example-
#no one was convinced by his glib answers/explanations.
#Marked by lack of intellectual depth
#criticized him for being about something so serious.
Hint- glib sounds like galiib, his shayari was slick and fluent
Gimmick (N.) - a trick or device intended to attract

attention, publicity, or trade.
Example-
#a publicity gimmick
#they give away free gifts with children's meals as a
sales/marketing gimmick.
#the reservation policy is just a political gimmick.
Syno- scheme, trick, dodge

TARUN.SIR
Glossary (N.) - brief explanation
Example-
#an alphabetical list, with meanings, of the words or phrases in
a text that are difficult to understand. #a glossary of technical
terms.
Gaol (N.) - jail, prison
Example-
#he spent 15 years in jail
ᜀ Ā ᜀ Ā ᜀ Ā
ainsay (V.) - to deny
Example-
#to refuse to accept something as the truth;
#nobody can gainsay the truth of my statement.
#there was no-one to gainsay this assertion.
Syno- deny, dispute, disagree with, contradict, challenge, oppose
speak against or oppose someone

TARUN.SIR
Example-
#no-one could gainsay her.
Hint- she has Gain (ed) weight but is not say(ing) it. Which means
she is denying the fact.
Garish (Adj.) - overly bright or ornamented
Example-
#unpleasant bright
#she wears garish clothes which don't suit her.
#garish colors.
Syno- gaudy, lurid, over-bright, glaring, flashy, showy, cheap
Hint- Garish sounds like Gayish.. A gay person wears all

bright colored clothes and looks gaudy and garish.
Gait (N.) - a person's manner of walking
0Example-
#the easy gait of an athlete.
#He walked with a slow stiff gait.
Syno- walk, step, stride,
Hint- gait rhymes with weight.. Person with excess weight has
a different manner of walking or running.
TARUN.SIR
Ghastly (Adj.) - causing great horror or fear
Example-
#terrifying, shocking
#one of the most ghastly crimes ever committed.
#today's newspaper gives all the ghastly details of the murder.
Syno- terrible, frightful, horrible, grim
extremely bad
#what ghastly weather!
#I thought her outfit was ghastly.
Hint- ghastly - ghostly
Gruesome (Adj.) - causing horror, repulsion - frightful or

shocking
Example-
#A gruesome murder.
#the newspaper article included a gruesome description of
the murder.
#the children cried when they saw the gruesome appearance of
a killer.
Syno- grisly, ghastly, frightful, horrid, hideous,

horrible, horrendous, grim
TARUN.SIR
Goad (V.) - provoke or annoy someone so as to stimulate an

action or reaction
Example-
#he was trying to goad her into a fight.
#he refused to be goaded by their insults.
#he was forever trying to goad her into losing her temper.
#he goaded me into taking action.
Syno- provoke, spur, incite, stir, move, stimulate, excite,

urge, prompt, induce, urge
Hint- goad tells you to "Go and do" (it)
Grimace (V.) - expression of pain, strong dislike etc.
Example-
#she gave a grimace of pain.
#when hit on the head, he cried with grimace on his face.
Hint- grim+ace= face
Granary (N.) - storehouse for grain
Example-
#A country can succeed in war only if its granaries as well as
TARUN.SIR
arsenals are well stocked.
Gratis (Adj.) – free - without payment or charge
Example-
#I'll give it to you, gratis!
#gratis books.
Syno- free of charge, free, without charge, for nothing, at no

cost, without paying
Gruelling (Adj.) - extremely tiring and demanding
Example-
#extremely tiring and difficult, and demanding great effort and
determination;
#a grueling campaign.
#junior doctors often have to work a gruelling 100- hour week.
#a grueling schedule.
Syno- exhausting, tiring, wearying, enervating,
Hint- a cruel person is making your work without giving you

the required way- grueling
Hapless (Adj.) – unfortunate

TARUN.SIR
Example-
#the hapless victims of the disaster.
#the hapless victims of tragedy.
Syno- unlucky, luckless, ill-fated, cursed, miserable, misfortunate,

pathetic, pitiful
Hint- relate it to helpless
Hamper (V.) - to prevent the action or progress
Example-
#heavy rain hampered the flow of the traffic.
#the growth of population has hampered economic progress in
India.
Syno- obstruct, impede
a basket or box containing food for a special occasion

Example-
#a picnic hamper
Hegemony (N.) - the predominance of one state or social

group over others.
Example-
#both Russia and China are trying for hegemony in Asia.
TARUN.SIR
Syno- leadership, dominance, dominion, supermacy,
control, power
Hint- hegemony-he's got money, so he's domineering in

the society and he control others
Hustings (N.) - a place where political speeches are made
Example-
#the political activities and speeches that happen before an
election and are intended to win votes.
#three weeks before the election the candidates are all out
on/at the hustings.
#I was out on the hustings, talking to people.
elections
Example-
#the congress party was badly defeated at the hustings in 1977
Hint- host- political leaders play a role of host when they

give speeches)hustings
Heretic (N.) - a person holding unorthodox belief
Example-
#a person holding an opinion at odds with what is generally
accepted
TARUN.SIR
Syno- dissident, dissenter, nonconformist, apostate,
freethinker, iconoclast
Hoodwink (V.) - to deceive or trick someone
Example-
#he hoodwinked us into agreeing.
#hypocrites cannot hoodwink people for long.
Syno- deceive, trick, dupe, delude, cheat, bluff
Hint- you wink under the hood of your jacket, to deceive what
you are doing.
Hypothecate (V.) - to pledge-deposit (personal property) as

security for a debt without delivery of title or possession
Example-
#you can get loan from this bank by hypothecating house.
Mortgage – loan - an agreement that allows you to borrow money

from the bank or similar organization, especially in order to buy a
house
Example-
#they took out one lakh Mortgage (they borrowed one lakh) to buy
the house.
#a monthly mortgage payment.
#having a big mortgage is a real drain on your earnings.
TARUN.SIR
#they were forced to give up their home because they couldn't
pay the mortgage.
Verb- convey or deposit - a property - to a creditor as security on

loan
Example-
#their home was mortgaged up to the hilt. The full value of
their home had been borrowed
Halcyon (Adj.) - a very successful and peaceful period in

past
Example-
#she recalled the halcyon days of her youth.
#halcyon years.
#halcyon weather
Syno- serene, calm, pleasant
Hint- halcyon can be considered as opposite of cyclone
Holocaust (N.) - great destruction by fire
Example-
#a nuclear holocaust would leave few survivors.
#A nuclear holocaust seemed a very real possibility in the '50s.
Syno- cataclysm, disaster, catastrophe, destruction, annihiliation

TARUN.SIR
Hackneyed (Adj.) - of a phrase or idea - having been

overused
Example-
#hackneyed old sayings.
#that's the old hackneyed phrase, but its true.
#the plot of the film is just a hackneyed boy-meets-girl scenario.
Syno- commonplace, trite, overdone, platitudinous
Hint- concentrate on hack! Once a hacker is always a hacker.. He

overuses his techniques.
Hazy (Adj.) - covered by haze, misty
Example-
#hazy air or weather is not clear, especially because of heat.
#it was a beautiful day but quite hazy.
#hazy sunshine.
Syno- misty, foggy, cloudy, smoggy
vague, unclear, confused or uncertain

Example-
#hazy memories of childhood.
#I have only a hazy notion of what she wants.
#I have just a hazy idea of my mother because she died when I
TARUN.SIR
was just five years old.
Syno- vague, indistinct, unclear, faint, dim, blurred
Hint- hazy when you are lazy things are unclear to you..
Hoax (N.) (V.) - an act intended to deceive or trick
Example-
#A plan to deceive someone, such as telling the police there is
a bomb somewhere when there is not one, or a trick. #the bomb
threat turned out to be a hoax.
#he'd made a hoax call claiming to be the president.
#the information that a bomb had been planted in the aeroplane
just proved a hoax.
syno- practical joke, prank, trick, jest
Hint- hoax rhymes with Jokes- a practical joke or simply a trick.
Haggard (Adj.) - looking exhausted or unwell, especially

from fatigue, worry, or suffering
Example-
#she was pale and haggard.
#a haggard and pale looking old man begged for some money.
#she looked haggard after a sleepless night.
TARUN.SIR
Syno- careworn, tired, drained
Hint- hagrid, a character from the Harry potter is very huge

healthy and gigantic, haggard is the opposite of it.. Gaunt, very
thin.
Heinous (Adj.) - very bad, wicked or shocking
Example-
#a heinous crime.
Syno- odious, wicked, evil, atrocious, monstrous, disgraceful,

abominable, horrible, terrible
Humane (Adj.) - kind or compassionate
Example-
#every religion preaches us to be humane and considerate.
Syno- kindly, kind-hearted, considerate, understanding,

sympathetic, tolerant
Haphazard (Adj.) - random, or by chance
Example-
TARUN.SIR
#having no obvious order or plan.
#he had no time and brought the clothes haphazardly.
Unsystematic, disorderly, disorganized, casual,

careless Example-
#the investigation does seem haphazard.(disorganized, careless)
#he tackled the problem in a typically haphazard
manner.(careless)
#a most haphazard system of record keeping.
Syno- random, unplanned, unsystematic, unmethodical,

disorganized, irregular, arbitrary, careless.
Hint- hap+hazard where hazard means epidemic spread due to

great carelessness.- avyavasthit, or bedhang
Hazardous (Adj.) - dangerous or risky
Example-
#a hazardous journey.
#a hazardous occupation.
#we work in hazardous conditions.
Syno- dangerous, unsafe, perilous- khatarnak
Hearsay (N.) – rumor

TARUN.SIR
Example-
#an information that you have received or heard but do not
know to be true.
#the evidence against him is all hearsay.
#one must not believe in hearsay.
Syno- rumor, gossip, tittle-tattle
Homily (N.) - moral discourse
Example-
#a piece of spoken or written advice about how someone
should behave.
#A sermon on a moral or religious topic.
#she delivered her homily about the need for patience.
#A person should not deliver homily unless he himself follows.
Syno- sermon, lecture, discourse, address, lesson, talk, speech
Hint- home+silly= when we do silly things at home, our

parents get angry and give speeches- dharam updesh
Harbinger (N.) - one that indicates or foreshadows what is to

come, a forerunner
Example-
#a person or thing that shows that something is going to happen
soon, especially something bad.
TARUN.SIR
#a harbinger of doom.
#autumn is the harbinger of spring.
Syno- herald, sign, indicator, indication, signal, prelude,

announcer
Hint- Sounds like HER+FINGER= she shows me what is about

to happen by gesturing with her finger.
Harangue (N.) - a lengthy and aggressive speech
Example-
#a political harangue.
#In his harangue the commander reproved the soldiers for
their unruly conduct.
#a harangue from the headmaster on good behavior.
Syno- tirade, lecture, homily, diatribe
Hint-harangue- can be split as har+and+u+e… so when you are

angry with har(her).. She is subjected to a long or intensive
verbal attack.
Imbue (V.) - to fill someone or something with a particular

feeling, quality, or idea
Example-
#to inspire or influence thoroughly.
TARUN.SIR
#his poetry is imbued with deep, religious feeling.
#it is pity that our political leaders are not imbued with the spirit
of nationalism.
#his works are imbued with a sense of calm and serenity.
Syno- permeate, pervade, suffuse, saturate, rangna,
Intrinsic (Adj.) - belonging naturally, essential
Example-
#Maths is an intrinsic part of the school curriculum.
#works of little intrinsic value/interest.
Syno- inherent, innate, inborn, natural, svabhavik, vastvik, aantrik
Itinerary (N.) - a detailed planned or route of a journey
Example-
#the next place on the itinerary was Delhi.
#the tour operator will arrange transport and plan your itinerary.
Impeccable (Adj.) - faultless, flawless
Example-
#having no flaws, perfect
#he had impeccable manners.
#there is no person in the world who can claim to have
impeccable character.
#an impeccable record.
#she had an impeccable taste in clothes.
TARUN.SIR
Syno- spotless, stainless, perfect, ideal
Hint- Im+pecca= pakka house is always faultless, as compared to

kutchaa house.
Impede (v.) - prevent someone by obstructing them, hinder
Example-
#progress on the building of the road was impeded by a fall of
rock.
#economic crisis in the country will impede the
industrial progress.
Syno- hinder, hamper, obstruct, delay, disrupt, restrain, badha

dalna
Inept (Adj.) - lack of skill or competence, clumsy), not

effective
Example-
#an inept actor.
#an inept performance.
#he was criticized for his inept handling of the situation.
#he was inept and lacked the intelligence to govern.
Syno- incompetent, unskillful, unskilled, inexpert,

crude, amateurish
showing lack of judgement, inappropriate or foolish.

Example-
#an inept remark.
#the government's inept response turned this into a crisis.
TARUN.SIR
Hint- in(not)+ ept(like apt),, which means suitable== not
suitable. Ayogya, anaadi, behuda, murkh
Inertia (N.) - lack of activity or interest
Example-
#a tendency to do nothing or to remain unchanged.
#he had to overcome his inertia and get back to work.
#the bureaucratic inertia of the various tiers of government.
Syno- inactivity, inaction, lethargy
Indigenous (Adj.) – native
Example-
#originating or occurring naturally in a particular place
#the indigenous people of siberia.
#so who are the indigenous people of this land?
Syno- native, aboriginal, local
Insular (Adj.) – narrow – minded
Example-
#interested only in your own country or group and not willing to
accept different or foreign ideas.
#a stubbornly insular faming people.
#A stubbornly insular group of
people. #insular attitude
TARUN.SIR
#fanatics have insular views about women and matters.
Syno- narrow - minded, limited, conventional, provincial Hint-
in(not)+ secular= a country which is not secular is insular.
Indict (V.) - formally accuse of a crime or charged with a

crime
Example-
#his former manager was indicted for fraud.
#Five people were indicted for making and selling
counterfeit currency.
Intrude (V.) – interfere
Example-
#put oneself deliberately into a place or situation where one
is unwelcome or uninvited
#he had no right to intrude into their lives.
#I didn't realize your husband was here, Dr. batra- I hope I'm
not intruding.
#Intruded opinion into a factual report.
Hint- INT(rhymes with enter)+RUDE= so a person who

enters rudely Intrude.
Example-
#Ghusedna, ghus padna, bina adhikar k pravesh karna
Inkling (N.) - a slight hint or indication

TARUN.SIR
Example-
#I didn’t have the slightest inkling that she was unhappy.
#They gave us no inkling of what was going to happen.
#I don't have any inkling of how it works.
Syno- idea, notion, clue, vague

idea, #abhas, sanket
Hint- a wink can give us a hint
Impervious (Adj.) – unaffected
Example-
#not influenced or affected by something.
#impervious to fear.
#he worked, apparently impervious to the heat.
#he never listens to his parents and is always impervious to
their advice.
Syno- unaffected by, untouched by
not allowing fluid to pass through

Example-
#A material impervious to water.
Syno- impermeable, impenetrable, impregnable,

waterproof, water-resistant
Hint- IM(not)+parvesh(enter)- so impenetrable
Ingenuous (Adj.) - lacking in cunning and guile

TARUN.SIR
Example-
#innocent, naïve, artless, credulous
#children are ingenuous by nature.
#I'm not so ingenuous as to believe everything he says.
Syno- naïve, childlike, trusting, trustful, unsuspicious, unworldy
Hint- IN+genuine= In genuine relationship people are naïve and

trusting to each other.
#nishkapat, sacha
Inapt (Adj.) - inappropriate or not suitable
Example-
#an inapt remark.
Inscrutable (Adj.) - difficult to understand or interpret
Example-
#An inscrutable face.
#an inscrutable expression.
#the laws of nature are inscrutable.
Syno- incomprehensible, enigmatic, unreadable,

impenetrable, mysterious, cryptic
Hint- that cannot be scrutinized

TARUN.SIR
Instance (N.) - an example or single occurrence of
something
Example-
#a serious instance of corruption.
#there have been several instances of violence at the school.
#there are a number of instances of his misbehavior but I have
always overlooked them.
Syno- example, occasion, occurrence, case, udharan
Ingrained (Adj.) - firmly established as by long conditioning,

deep-seated
Example-
#of a habit, belief, attitude - so firmly held that it is not likely to
change.
#such ingrained prejudices cannot be corrected easily.
#the ingrained habits of a lifetime.
#dishonesty appears to be ingrained in his character.
Syno- entrenched, established, fixed, deep-rooted, firm, jama hua
Innocuous (Adj.) - not harmful or offensive
Example-
#an innocuous home remedy.
#an innocuous remark.
#it was an innocuous question.
#it is not proved that soft drinks are not innocuous.
TARUN.SIR
Syno- harmless, safe, non-dangerous, non-toxic, ahanikar Hint-
IN(not)+nocuous(noxious).. Means not noxious= harmless
Inordinate (Adj.) - much more than usual or expected –

excessive
Example-
#the case had taken up an inordinate amount of time.
#to drink an inordinate amount of alcohol.
#they spent an inordinate amount of time talking.
#he always spend an inordinate amount of time on
her appearance.
Syno- excessive, unreasonable, disproportionate,

unnecessary, exorbitant
Hint- atyadhik, asamanya
Irksome (Adj.) - irritating or annoying
Example-
#an irksome journey.
#irksome duties.
#I don't like to do irksome job, however profitable it may be.
Syno- boring, tedious, exasperating, ubau
Hint- irksome=trksome=teri kasam.. So a person who in

every sentence says yar teri kasam in an annoying person.
TARUN.SIR
Imbibe (V.) - to absorb to take in, especially by drinking –
alcohol
Example-
#to drink
#they were imbibing far too many pitcher of beer.
Syno- drink, consume, sip
to receive or accept information - or absorb in the mind

Example-
#take in ideas
#If one does not imbibe the culture one cannot succeed.
#every Indian must imbibe the spirit of nationalism.
#he has spent a lifetime imbibing his local club's history.
Syno- assimilate, absorb, digest, acquire, grasp,

familiarize oneself with, pee lena, antargrahan karna,
Hint- Im+bibe= sounds like pipe and you need a pipe to

drink something.
Impertinent (Adj.) – rude - not showing proper respect
Example-
#an impertinent remark/ question.
#he scolded the impertinent child for talking rudely.
#she was rebuked for her impertinent behavior.
Syno- rude, insolent, impolite, ill-mannered, uncivil,

discourteous, disrespectful
TARUN.SIR
Formal use- irrelevant
Example-
#an impertinent detail.
#since we already knew this, to tell us again seemed impertinent
Hint- impoper tenant(tinent) are rude and insolent
Intermittent (Adj.) - not continuous or steady – Irregular
Example-
#Intermittent rain
#an intermittent rain
#an intermittent pain.
Syno- sporadic, irregular, fitful, spasmodic, ruk ruk kar, anirantar
Hint- here the words starts with inter so remember as intervals.
Immaculate (Adj.) - perfectly clean, neat, tidy
Example-
#an immaculate white suit
#an immaculate garden.
Syno- clean, spotless, unstained
Integrity (N.) - the quality of being honest and having strong

moral principles
TARUN.SIR
Example-
#a gentleman of complete integrity.
#a leader of great integrity.
#I have always regarded him as a man of integrity.
Syno- honesty, uprightness, honor, ethics, nobility, virtue
the state of being whole or undivided,

unity Example-
#the integrity of the nervous system is required for
normal development.
#the building's integrity remained intact following the
mild earthquake.
#separatist movements are a threat to the integrity of the nation.
Syno- unity, unification, togetherness, totality, wholeness
Indigent (Adj.) - very poor or needy
Example-
#he distributed food to indigent families.
#he could not continue his study because his parents
were indigent.
Syno- poor, destitute, penniless, poverty-stricken,
Hint- Indigent= indian gents - they are mostly poor, needy due
to demands of their wives
Inundate (V.) - overwhelm with things
Example-
TARUN.SIR
#to give someone so much work or so many things that they
cannot deal with it all.
#we have been inundated with complaints from listeners.
#the theatre was inundated with requests for tickets.
Syno- overwhelm, overburden, overload, swamp, bombard
flood, overflow
Example-
#the whole village was inundated with flood water.
#if the dam breaks.. It will inundate large parts of the town.
Syno- flood, deluge, overflow, swamp, immerse, baad
Hint- I+NUN+DATE= I asked the nuns for a date and I was

flooded with letters from christian societies for violating the social
norms.
Inveterate (Adj.) – habitual
Example-
#someone who does something very often and cannot stop
doing it.
#he is an inveterate liar.
#an inveterate gambler.
Syno- ingrained, deep-seated, congenital, kattar
Inimical (Adj.) – harmful

TARUN.SIR
Example-
#habits inimical to good health.
#conditions inimical to health.
Syno- injurious, detrimental, deleterious, destructive, ruinous
unfriendly or hostile
Example-
#a cold, inimical voice.
#I feel my friends have turned inimical and are working against
my interests.
Syno- antagonistic, malevolent, malign, virodhi
Hint- Inimi= enemy, and enemies cause damage.. So

inimical means something damaging.
Impute (V.) - to relate something usually something bad to a

particular cause or source
Example-
#attribute, ascribe, assign, credit
#I impute your success to nepotism.
#the crimes imputed to Rahul.
#you can impute his failure in life to his fickle mindedness.
#We attributed this quotation to shakespeare.
Hint- im(put)e.. Put the blame to somebody.
Infinitesimal (Adj.) - extremely small
Example-
TARUN.SIR
#an infinitesimal pause.
#They found infinitesimal traces of poison in drink.
Hint- read it as infinitely small.
Impending (Adj.) - be about to happen
Example-
#some persons have intuition about impending calamity.
#the player announced his impending retirement from
international football.
Syno- imminent, near, coming, upcoming, forthcoming
Hint- im+pending.. Nothing can be left pending when the

deadline is near.
Insipid (Adj.) - tasteless or lacking flavor
Example-
#insipid soup.
#mugs of insipid coffee.
Syno- tasteless, unflavored,
lacking vigor or interest, excite- dull

Example-
#an insipid personality.
#why anyone buys music with such insipid lyrics is a mystery.
Syno- uninteresting, boring, vapid, dull

TARUN.SIR
Jumble (N.) - an untidy collection, pile of things.
an untidy and confused mixture of things, feelings or ideas
Example-
#a jumble of thought/ideas.
#the books were in chaotic jumble.
Syno- clutter, muddle mess, untidy heap
Verb- mix up in a confused or untidy way.

Example-
#a drawer full of letters jumbled together.
#her clothes were all jumbled up/together in suitcase.
Junk (N.) - things that are considered to be of no use or

value or of low quality, kachra
Example-
#Discarded material or stuff
#we should clear out this cupboard- it's full of junk.
#he is junk dealer.
Judicious (Adj.) – wise
Example-
#having or showing reason and good judgement in
making decisions.
TARUN.SIR
#the judicious use of public investment.
#judicious use of one's money.
Syno- wise, sensible, prudent, shrewd, well thought

out, thoughtful, uchit, samajhdar
Hint- judi=cious- having judgment qualities
Jubilant (Adj.) - feeling great happiness, especially because of

a success.
Example-
#the fan was jubilant at/about/over their team's victory.
#jubilant crowds welcomed the victorious team home.
Syno- overjoyed, exultant, triumphant, joyful, rejoicing
Hint- silver jubli wale din mummy papa joyful the
Jolt (V.) - push or shake - someone or something - abruptly,

roughly.
Example-
#a surge in the crowd behind him jolted him forwards.
#the bus stopped unexpectedly and we were jolted forwards.
Syno- push, thrust

TARUN.SIR
disturb someone's composure
Example-
#to give someone a sudden shock
#the audience was jolted by the play.
#she was jolted by the betrayal of her trusted friend.
Noun- a sudden violent movement-

#he felt a jolt when the plane started to climb
Syno- bump, bounce, jerk, shake
strong feeling of surprise of disappointment

Example-
#his resignation was a jolt to the whole staff.
Jhatka
Jiffy (N.) - a moment
Example-
#we will be back in a jiffy.
#very soon, soon.
#I will be with you in a jiffy
Jeer (V.) - make rude or mocking remarks, typically in a loud

voice
TARUN.SIR
Example-
#some of the younger men jeered at him.
#jeered the speaker off the stage.
Syno- taunt, mock, ridicule, scorn
Noun- a rude or mocking remark)

Example-
#the taunts and jeers of my classmates.
Syno- taunt, sneer, insult, boo
Jaunt (N.) - a short excursion or journey made for pleasure
Example-
#her regular jaunts to Europe.
#a Sunday jaunt into the hills.
#he is on a jaunt to Mumbai.
Syno- trip, outing, expedition
Verb- go on a short journey.

Example-
#they went jaunting through Canada.
Hint- journey to you aunt's place= J-Aunt
Jejune (Adj.) - boring or not interesting, dull

TARUN.SIR
Example-
#a jejune lecture by one of our professors.
#a jejune novel.
Very simple, childish, naïve, silly, pointless

Example-
#jejune behavior.
#jejune responses to our problems.
lacking in nutrition
Example-
#a jejune diet.
Hint- think of june.. Students feel dull as their summer

holidays are about to end.
Jingoism (N.) - extreme or blind patriotism
Example-
#Chauvinistic patriotism.
#the jingoism of the Germans resulted in the Second world war.
Syno- flag-waving, xenophobia
Hint- jin(that alladin one) had extreme and uncontrolled

loyalty towards his master.
TARUN.SIR
Juncture (N.) - a particular point in time
Example-
#at this juncture of life you must be wary of strangers.
#we are at a critical juncture.
Syno- point, time, moment
a place where thing join

Example-
#the plane crashed at the juncture of two mountains.
Jeopardy (N.) - danger of loss, harm, or failure
Example-
#his health was in jeopardy.
#to put one's life in jeopardy.
#his reputation as a doctor is in jeopardy because of his
unethical practice.
Syno- danger, peril, khatra
Jocund (Adj.) - cheerful and merry, light-hearted
Example-
#a jocund wedding party.
#jolly, gay, jovial
TARUN.SIR
Hint- jo kaand tune kal kia tha us se hum long khush hai.
Jubilation (N.) - feeling of great happiness, especially

because of success
Example-
#triumph, joy, rejoicing, rapture
#unbelievable scenes of jubilation.
#there was jubilation in the crowd as the winning goal was scored.
Knack (N.) - an acquired or natural skill at doing something
Example-.
#he has a knack for communicating.
#she has the knack of making people feel comfortable.
Syno- gift, talent, flair, ability,
Hint- knack- knock out- you should have a special talent to

knock out your contender.
Knave (N.) - a dishonest and unprincipled person
Example-
#Don't believe him because he is a knave and scoundrel.
Hint- K+NAVE= naïve(means trustworthy, innocent). Knave is

just the opposite of naïve.
TARUN.SIR
Knotty (Adj.) - a problem or difficulty - complicated or difficult to

solve
Example-
#It was a very knotty problem.
Syno- complex, involved, intricate, convoluted, tangled
Kindle (V.) - set something on fire - light up
Example-
#he kindled a fire on dry grass.
#the sunset kindled the sky.
Arouse or inspire - an emotion or feeling

Example-
#the project kindled his interest.
#her imagination was kindled by the exciting stories
her grandmother told her.
#the timely arrival of my friend kindled in me a hope of getting
proper medical treatment.
Syno- rouse, arouse, wake, waken, awaken
Kiosk - a small booth
Example-
#a small open-fronted hut from which newspapers, refreshments,
tickets are sold.
#He is running his business in a kiosk because he can't afford a
TARUN.SIR
shop right now.
Syno- booth, stand, stall, counter, bookstall, telephone

kiosk, refreshments kiosk
Hint- kiosk= khoka
Kernel (N.) - inner or edible part of fruit
Example-
#the kernel of the fruit is always tasty.
The central and most important part of

something Example-
#this is the kernel of the chapter.
#the kernel of his message.
Syno- essence, core, heart, gist
Hint- kernel sounds like colonel. In an army the colonel has an

importance of being the central authority.
Keepsake (N.) - memento, reminder
Example-
#A small item kept in memory of the progress who gave it
or originally owned it.
#she was wearing the medal he gave her as a keepsake.
#she gave him a ring as a keepsake.
Syno- souvenir, remembrance, token, memorial, memento

TARUN.SIR
Kudos (N.) - praise or honor received for an achievement
Example-
#she was looking for kudos rather than profit.
#Dhoni won kudos when he brought home the world cup in 2007.
#being an actor has a certain amount of kudos attached to it.
Syno- prestige, glory, cachet, honor, status, fame, reputation
Informal use- compliments and congratulations

example-
#kudos to everyone who put the event together.
Levity (N.) - lack of seriousness
Example-
#the treatment of a serious matter with humor or lack of
due respect.
#his staffs always treats his orders with levity.
#a subject that should not be treated with levity.
Syno- light-heartedness, carefreeness
Hint- lev(leave)+it+yr(yar). You casually leave things without any

seriousness.
Languor (N.) - physical or mental laziness - lack of energy
Example-
#her whole being was pervaded by a dreamy languor.
TARUN.SIR
#on summer afternoons, we generally feel languor.
Syno- lassitude, lethargy, tiredness, fatigue, weariness
a feeling of dreaminess and relaxation

Example-
#relaxed and comfortable feeling.
silence or stillness
Example-
#the afternoon was hot, quiet and heavy with languor.
Syno- tranquility, lull, silence Mainline- a state of
feeling tired and relaxed.
Hint- sounds like "lack of anger" it means lack of energy

and spirit.
Lascivious (Adj.) - expressing a strong desire for sexual

activity
Example-
#lustful
#the market is flooded with lascivious books and films.
#their lewd and lascivious talk.
Syno- lecherous, lewd, lustful, licentious, libidinous, lubricious,

filthy
Hint- las vegas- lustful people go there

TARUN.SIR
Menial (Adj.) - suitable for servants, servile
Example-
#of work) not requiring much skill and lacking prestige.
#menial factory jobs.
#a menial job.
#it's fairly menial work, such as washing dishes and
cleaning floors.
Syno-unskilled, lowly, humble, low-grade, low-status, humdrum,

boring, dull
Hint- men in a low level are menial
Mundane (Adj.) - very ordinary and lacking interest and

excitement
Example-
#Mundane matters such as playing bills and shopping for food do
not interest me.
#Mundane affairs.
Syno- humdrum, dull, boring, tedious, monotonous, tiresome
of this earthly world rather than a heavenly or spiritual one

Example-
#the mundane world.
#worldly people are often concerned with mundane matters.
#spiritual immortals who had transcended the mundane world.
Syno- earthly, worldly, material, secular

TARUN.SIR
Melee (N.) - a confused fight or struggle at close quarters
Example-
#several people were hurt in the melee.
#scores of people injured in the melee.
Syno- a noisy fight, tumult, disturbance, commotion,

disorder, brawl, rumpus, affray, scuffle
a confused crowd of people

Example-
#we lost sight of each other in the melee.
#there was such a melee at the booking office.
#the rush-hour melee.
Hint- mela- there are many fight in the mela - carnival
Myopic (Adj.) - short-sighted
Example-
#not able to see things clearly that are far away.
#most myopic children can be fitted with glasses to correct
their vision.
Lacking foresight or intellectual sight

Example-
#the govt. still has a myopic attitude to the public spending.
#orthodox men and women are victims of myopic views about life.
Syno- unimaginative, uncreative, narrow-minded

TARUN.SIR
Mollify (V.) - appease the anger or anxiety of – someone
Example-
#I tried to mollify her by giving her flowers.
#After exchange of hot words the shop-keeper tried to mollify
the customer.
Syno- placate, pacify, soothe, calm,
Hint- mollify- sounds like nullify.. So just think of

nullifying something.. Like temper
Mincing (Adj.) – walk - a mincing walk uses small, delicate

steps in a way that does not look natural - dainty or refined, with
extreme care
Example-
#she took short, mincing steps.
#she was walking with mincing steps and appeared ridiculous.
Speech- used to describe a way of speaking that is too

delicate and not direct enough
Example-
#she found herself irritated by the interviewer's mincing way
of asking questions.
#I don't have to go through the rest of my life with that mincing
voice of yours.
Hindi word- nakhrebaaj

TARUN.SIR
Hint- mincing can be broken into Men+seeing.. Means when
girls get aware that men are watching them, they show
artificial behaviour in talk or speech
affectedly nice or elegant in speech, walk and behavior
269.Mettle (N.) - a person's ability to cope well with difficulties
Example-
#the team showed their true mettle in the second half.
#during the fight he showed mettle in the teeth of strong
opposition.
Syno- fortitude, spirit, tenacity, determination, strength

of character
Hint- sounds like metals. And metals are obviously strong.
Malinger (V.) - pretend to be ill in order to escape duty or

work
Example-
#and is he really ill or just malingering?
#he says he's ill, but I think he's just malingering.
#whenever he is asked to work, he always malingers and shirks
work.
Syno- to feign illness, avoid responsibilities and duties
Macabre (Adj.) - disturbing because concerned with or

causing a fear of death
TARUN.SIR
Example-
#A macabre series of murder.
#even the police were horrified at the macabre nature of
the killings.
#macabre horror stories.
#the novels deals with macabre sight of carnage.
Syno- bhayanak, daravna

Example-
#gruesome, grisly, gory, ghastly, grotesque, hideous,
horrific, horrible, frightful, shocking, replusive
Hint- sounds like massacre.. Which means "excessive killing

of many people" and which also represents death and horror
Meticulous (Adj.) - very careful and precise
Example-
#showing great attention to detail.
#he was so meticulous about everything.
#he paid meticulous attention to detail.
#meticulous research.
#a meticulous craftsman.
Syno- careful, diligent, punctilious, ultra-careful, suksham
Migratory (Adj.) – wandering

TARUN.SIR
Example-
#migratory birds cover thousands of miles to reach
warmer countries.
Mishap (N.) - an unlucky accident
Example-
#an unfortunate event
#this mishap could have been averted if you had been just
careful.
#the parade was very well organized and passed without mishap.
Syno- accident, trouble, problem, difficulty, misfortune,

mischance, durghatna, abhagya, aapatti.
Hint- mishap= mis+happening
Manifold (Adj.) - many and various
Example-
#many and of several different types.
#despite her manifold faults, she was a strong leader.
#there are manifold advantages of discipline in schools and
colleges.
#manifold reasons.
Syno- many, numerous, multiple, various, several, varied, vividh

TARUN.SIR
Meddlesome (Adj.) – interfering
Example-
#often getting involved in situations where you are not
wanted, especially by criticizing in a damaging or annoying
way. #a meddlesome member of the party.
#many marriages are ruined because of meddlesome mothers-
in-law.
Syno- hastshep karnewala
Hint- meddle(middle)+some= so when two people are talking we

should never interfere in middle of their talks.
Modicum (N.) - a small amount of something, especially

something desirable or valuable
Example-
#his statements had a modicum of truth.
#anyone with a modicum of common sense could have seen that
the plan wouldn't work.
Syno- little bit, pinch, taste, ounce,
Hint- modicum sounds like= bahut hi kam
Manifest (Adj.) - clearly apparent to sight or understanding,

obvious
Example-
#her manifest charm and proven ability.
#manifest lack of interest.
TARUN.SIR
#manifest content.
#his evil intentions were manifest when he mentioned the
question of dowry.
Syno- obvious, clear, plain, apparent, evident, distinct, blatant,

overt, explicit
Verb- to show something clearly, through signs and actions)

Example-
#the workers chose to manifest their dissatisfaction in a series
of strikes.
#to manifest great emotion.
#to manifest disapproval.
#he manifested signs of severe depression.
Syno- display, show, demonstrate, exhibit, present, express
Myriad (Adj.) - countless or extremely great in number
Example-
#the myriad fish in the ocean.
Syno- innumerable, countless, infinite, numberless, numerous,

several, many, various
Noun- a very large number of people or

things Example-
#myriads of insects danced around the light above my head.
#a myriad of choices.
#they face a myriad of problems bringing up children.
#and now myriads of bars and hotels are opening up along the
coast.
TARUN.SIR
Syno-multitude, a large or great number of, hazaro,
beshumar, asankhya
Hint-my raid.. You may raided if you have money in

large numbers.
Nascent (Adj.) - coming into existence – emerging
Example-
#only recently formed and started, but likely to grow larger
quickly.
#a nascent political party.
#everyone in the nascent business is still struggling with
basic issues.
Hint- new+existent, navjaat
Nexus (N.) - a connection or series of connections linking

two or more things
Example-
#a link or a tie, bond
#the nexus between industry and political power.
#the nexus between drugs, prostitution and corruption is
universal.
the central or focal point
Hindi- kadi
There is connection in between we and next to us.
TARUN.SIR
Non-entity (N.) - a person of no importance
Example-
#a political nonentity.
#a few years back he was a non-entity in politics, today he is
a national leader.
non existence
Hint- nonentity sounds like no entry.. Worthless people have no

entry in to the college.
Neophyte (N.) – beginner
Example-
#a neophyte at politics.
#four-day cooking classes are offered to neophytes and experts.
Syno- beginner, learner, novice, newcomer, tyro, nosikhiya
Hint- sounds like new
Nebulous (Adj.) - cloudy, hazy, misty
Example-
#a giant nebulous glow.
Syno- indistinct, cloudy, fuzzy, blurred, foggy, faint, unclear
Of a concept - vague, ill-defined

Example-
TARUN.SIR
#nebulous concepts like quality of life.
#your ideas are too nebulous to be understood easily.
#nebulous reasons.
Syno-vague, unclear, uncertain, indefinite, confused,

ambiguous, imprecise, asapashat
Hint- nebula the milky way in galaxy which is cloudy and unclear.
Nauseous (Adj.) - causing nausea – feeling as if you might

vomit
Example-
#sickening
#roller coaster makes me feel nauseous.
#the nauseous smell of rotting fish.
#the floor was deep with bat dung giving off a nauseous smell.
Syno- disgusting, loathsome, repulsive, detestable
Officious (Adj.) - unnecessarily ready to offer advice or

services
Example-
#too eager to tell people what to do and having too high
an opinion of your own importance.
#he's an officious little man and widely disliked in the company.
Syno- interfering, self-important, bumptious, bossy,

meddlesome,
Pareshan karne wala
TARUN.SIR
Opportune (Adj.) - timely, well chosen
Example-
#happening at a time that is likely to produce success or is
convenient.
#occurring at a time that is suitable or advantageous.
#an opportune arrival.
#this seems to be an opportune moment for reviving our
development plan.
Syno- auspicious, favorable, advantageous
Obliterate (V.) - to destroy every trace of, wipe out

completely
Example-
#the whole village was obliterated by fire.
#maybe she gets drunk to obliterate painful memories.
Syno- destroy, annihilate, exterminate, demolish, eradicate
Hint-lets all be literate- and destroy illiteracy completely.
Odious (Adj.) - extremely unpleasant or repulsive –

detestable
Example-
#an odium crime.
#an odious smell.
#an odious person.
TARUN.SIR
#ghinona
Hint- hate people with bad odour(odious)
Overture (N.) - an introduction to something
Example-
#the talks were no more than an overture to a long debate.
Syno- start, beginning
an approach or proposal made to someone with the aim

of opening negotiations or establishing a relationship
Example-
#he began making overtures to British merchant banks.
#overtures of friendship.
#the government has made peace overtures to the rebels.
#the enemy were making peace overtures.
Syno- move, approach, proposal,
Ostracize (V.) - exclude from a society or a group
Example-
#she was declared witch and ostracized by the villagers.
#he was ostracized by the elders of the village for marrying
the girl of the other community.
Syno- exclude, shun, boycott, banish,
Hint- ostRACISM.. Racism leads to groupism and excluding a

TARUN.SIR
group from the public is to ostracize. Bahishkrit, samaj se bhar
nikalna
Oblivion (N.) - the state of being unaware or unconscious of

what is happening around one
Example-
#they drank themselves into oblivion.
#he sought the great oblivion of sleep.
#the state of being forgotten, especially by public
#his name will fade into oblivion.
#most of these performers will fail and sink into oblivion.
#the famous film-personalities of the past are forced to lead a life
of oblivion in their old age.
#destruction - extinction
#the planes bombed the city into oblivion.
#an entire section of the town was bombed into oblivion.
Hint- oblivion=OB+BLI+VION= "absolute blind vision" of

forgetting important matter or things.
Obviate (V.) – remove - a need or difficulty.
Example-
#make unnecessary
#the peaceful solution would obviate the need to send a
UN military force.
#this medicine would obviate the need for a surgical operation.
#to obviate the need for sth.
Syno- preclude, prevent, remove, eliminate, bachna, anavashayk

TARUN.SIR
banana
Onerous (Adj.) - difficult to do or needing a lot of effort
Example-
#he found his duties increasingly onerous.
#the work allotted to him was so onerous that he needed
an assistant.
Syno- burdensome, heavy, troublesome,

inconvenient, oppressive.
Hint- when something is ON US we feel burdensome.
Pedantic (Adj.) - giving too much attention to formal rules or

small details
Example-
#showing of learning.)
#A pedantic is too concerned with literal accuracy or formality,
someone who is showing off bookish knowledge or trivia,
especially in a tiresome way.
#A pedantic attention to details.
#his lecture was pedantic and uninteresting.
Syno- academic, scholastic, bookish,
Hint- Pandit-(scholar in english)= pandits are ususally very strict

about the bookish stuff., padnitau
Perjury (N.) - false testimony

TARUN.SIR
Example-
#the crime or telling lies in the court when you have promised to
tell the truth.
#she was sentenced to two years in jail for committing perjury.
#the witness is now facing charges of perjury.
#to commit perjury.
Hint- per(phir)+jury= jury k samne saach baat se phir(mukar) jana
Perusal (N.) - careful study
Example-
#to read or examine with great care.
#I continued my perusal of the instructions.
#I am sending a copy of the agreement for you perusal.
#A more careful perusal yields the conclusion.
Syno- Perusal sounds somewhat like parcel, you read a

parcel carefully when it reaches you.
Prodigal (N.) (Adj.) - wastefully extravagant
Example-
#spending money or using resources freely and recklessly.
#the sons of the rich are generally prodigal and waste money
on luxuries of life.
#to be prodigal with money.
#his prodigal habits.
Syno- extravagant, lavish, spendthrift, wasteful
Hint- proud+gals= are always prodigal. Kharchila, udaau,

TARUN.SIR
Prolific (Adj.) - producing offspring or fruit in great

abundance – fertile
Example-
#a prolific variety of grape.
producing a great number or amount of something –

works Example-
#fruitful or productive
#a prolific artist.
#he was probably the most prolific songwriter of his generation.
#a prolific writer.
#shakespeare was a prolific playwright.
Syno- plentiful, abundant, bountiful, profuse,
Hint- production lifted- they produced large amounts of product.
Pamper (V.) - to treat with excessive indulgence
Example-
#spoil by flattering
#to give someone special treatment, making that person as
comfortable as possible and giving them whatever they want.
#In indian families, the only son is pampered and spoiled by
his mother.
#Pampered their child.
#grandparents often pamper the children.
#her parents have pampered her since the day she was born.
Syno- spoil, indulge, overindulge, mollycoddle, coddle,

TARUN.SIR
overparent
Hindi- Laad pyaar karna, sir chadana, bahut laad pyaar karna
Promulgate (V.) - to make known to public - popularize,

advocate
Example-
#such behavior promulgates a negative image of the Indians.
#these objectives have to be promulgated within the organization.
Syno- publicize, spread, circulate, announce, proclaim
#to put a law into effect by formal public

proclamation announcement, declaration
#the new law was finally promulgated in the autumn of last
year. #the new law was promulgated on 26 january 1950
Syno- enact, put into effect, implement, enforce, pass,
Hint- prom(promote)+UL+GATE= so promoting something out of

the gate, i.e. to make known by opening the gate to everyone out
there
Purview (N.) - the extent or range of activity, function,

power, competence – scope
Example-
#the limit of one's responsibility, interest or activity.
#this case falls outside the purview of this particular court.
#It comes within the purview of the law.
TARUN.SIR
Syno- horizon, view, scope, reach, range, field, limit, province,
sphere, orbit, paridhi
Precocious (Adj.) - mature before time
Example-
#especially of children showing mental development or
achievemnet much earlier than usual.
#A precocious child, she went to university at the age of 15.
#A precocious achievement.
Syno- advanced, gifted, talented, intelligent, bright, smart,
Hint- It can be pre+conscious= i.e. Thing or person who/which is

very conscious in advance.
Placid (Adj.) - not easily upset or excited
Example-
#she was a placid child who rarely cried.
Syno- calm, even-tempered, peaceful, gentle, quiet,

cool, undisturbed
Example-
#calm and peaceful, with little movement or
activity #the placid water of a small lake. #the
placid pace of village life.
Syno- quiet, calm, tranquil, still, peaceful, motionless,

smooth, serene
TARUN.SIR
Hint- a students well placed in his college will sit calmly and
peacefully, shaant
Posterity (N.) - future generations
Example-
#the treasures must be kept for posterity.
#works of art are preserved for posterity.
Syno- offspring, children, family, progeny, bhavi pidi, vansh
Hint- post+inherit
Provident (Adj.) - providing for future needs or events
Example-
#making arrangements for future needs, especially by
saving money)
#she had learned to be provident.
#a provident father plans for his children's education.
#the provident use and development of resources.
Syno- prudent, far-sighted, judicious, shrewd, wise,

sensible, kifayai or doordarshi
Hint- to remember this, think about "lic provident fund
policy" which is kept for future use.
307. Perquisite (N.) – perks
Example-
#an advantage or something extra, such as money or goods, that
TARUN.SIR
you are given because of your job.
#a payment or profit in addition to the salary.
#Free long distance calls were a perquisite of the job.
#the wife of the president has all the perquisites of stardom.
#a company car and a mobile phone are some of the perks
that come with the job.
Hindi- atirikht suvidhaye
Prone (Adj.) – inclined - to disorder
Example-
#likely to suffer from an illness or show a particular
negative characteristics)
#he is prone to depression.
#she is prone to exaggerate, that's for sure.
#I'm prone to cold.
#Prone to anger.
Syno- likely to have or get, susceptible, vulnerable, liable
Pandemonium (N.) - wild and noisy disorder
Example-
#a situation in which there is a lot of noise and confusion
because people are excited, angry or frightened.
#there was pandemonium in the classroom before the
teacher arrived.
#there was pandemonium in parliament over the offensive
remarks made by a member of the opposition party.
Syno- uproar, confusion, chaos, turmoil, commotion, clamor,

TARUN.SIR
tumult
Hint- pan=all, demonium= demon
Parasite (N.) - an organism which lives in or on another

organism its host and benefits by deriving nutrients at the other's
expense. muftkhor, parjivi
Example-
#the parasite attaches itself to the mouths of fishes.
one who lives off and flatters the rich – sycophant

Example-
#flatterers are considered to be parasites because their
existence depends on sycophancy.
Perennial (Adj.) - last or existing for a long infinite time -

enduring or continually recurring.
Example-
#we face the perennial problem of not having money.
#an author's perennial popularity among children.
#I want perennial happiness.
Syno- everlasting, perpetual, eternal, never-ending,

endless, enduring,
Hint- perennial rives, long lasting

rivers Example-
#the rivers originating in the himalayas are perennial.
Sounds like purani(old) purani things are perennial
TARUN.SIR
Poignant (Adj.) - causing very sharp feeling of sadness
Example-
#the photograph awakens poignant memories of happier days.
#a poignant memory.
#a poignant story.
#poignant anxiety.
Syno- touching, sharp, moving, sad, sorrowful, mournful, painful,
Syno- sounds like pregnant- think what the situation of a

woman would be who is pregnant.
Pernicious (Adj.) - having a harmful effects and influence
Example-
#the pernicious influences of mass media.
#A pernicious lie.
#a pernicious effects of alcohol.
Syno- harmful, damaging, destructive, injurious, detrimental
Hint- per+nicious= nicious sounds like noxious=

harmful, hanikarak
Prerogative (N.) - an exclusive right or privilege held by a

person or group
Example-
#in some countries, higher education is predominantly
the prerogative of the rich.
TARUN.SIR
Syno- entitlement, right, privilege ], advantage, birthright,
visheshadhikar
Hint- prerogative= pre= privilege
Parochial (Adj.) - having a limited or narrow outlook or

scope
Example-
#parochial attitude.
#a parochial view/ opinion.
#parochial mentality.
Syno- provincial, narrow-minded, insular, conservative
Hint- link with this paro=(of devdas) whose parents were narrow
minded in their outlook for devdas family.
Precedent (N.) - earlier example
Example-
#an act or instance that may be used as an example )
#this court decision set an important legal precedent for other
countries.
#there are several precedents for promoting people who
don't have formal qualifications.
Syno- model, example, pattern, instance, standard, missal

or poorv udharan
TARUN.SIR
Piquant (Adj.) - pleasant pungent in taste – spicy – chatpata
Example-
#a piquant sauce.
pleasantly stimulating
Example-
#a particularly piquant story.
Syno- interesting, intriguing, stimulating, fascinating, exciting,

colorful, lively, spirited,
Hint- pic+want= you want to see delightful pic
Preposterous (Adj.) - very silly or stupid
Example-
#utterly absurd or ridiculous.
#contrary to reason or common sense.
#the very idea is preposterous.
#a preposterous suggestion.
#the whole idea was preposterous.
#he always offers such preposterous excuses that nobody
believes him.
Syno- absurd, foolish, stupid, ludicrous, laughable,

senseless, illogical
Hint- pre means= pehle, post means - baad me, pre and
post together seems absurd
TARUN.SIR
Precarious (Adj.) - dangerously lacking in stability or
security
Example-
#likely to fall or collapse.
#a precarious ladder.
#a precarious posture.
Syno- unstable, shaky

Example-
#uncertain-dependent on chance.
#a precarious situation is likely to get worse.
#many borrowers now find themselves caught in
precarious financial position.
#he made a precarious living as a painter.
#the patient is in a precarious condition because so far he has
not recovered consciousness.
Syno- uncertain, insecure, unreliable, risky, dangerous,

unsafe, unpredictable
Hint- what we do before starting something unsafe or risky, we

sayour prayers so; Pray+kari= precarious. anishchit
Predilection (N.) - a special liking for something - a

preference.
Example-
#your predilection for pretty girls.
#ever since she was a child, she has had a predilection for fast
food.
#his predilection for books.
TARUN.SIR
Syno- liking, fondness, preference, partiality, taste, penchant,
inclination, bias, affinity, love
Hint- pre= in advance, dilect=select= preferred
Proclivity (N.) - a natural or habitual inclination
Example-
#a proclivity for exaggeration.
#a proclivity to complain.
#his sexual proclivities are none of your business.
#the sexual proclivities for celebrities.
#a proclivity for hard work.
Syno- liking, inclination, tendency, leaning, disposition,

propensity, predisposition, preference, taste, fondness
Hint- pro= forward, down, cilus= slope, proclivis= inclined
Pariah (N.) - a social outcast - a person driven out of a

community.
Example-
#a person who is not accepted by a social group,
especially because he is not liked, respected or trusted.
#a member or low cast in India- a dalit
#they were treated as social pariahs.
#I was treated like a pariah for the rest of my life.
Syno- untouchable, undesirable

TARUN.SIR
Hint- consider it as paraya
Perverse (Adj.) - deliberately deviating from what is

regarded as normal, good or proper.
Example-
#vidit was being perverse and refusing to agree with anything we
said.
#you are just being perverse.
#her perverse decision not to cooperate held good.
#perverse behavior(unreasonable
Syno- stubborn awkward, unhelpful, annoying, contrary
#contrary to accepted or expected standard

#he seems to take perverse pleasure in being disagreeable.
#I took perverse pleasure in his predicament.
Syno- illogical, irrational, unreasonable,

contradictory, inappropriate
hint- if we remove "P" concentrate on reverse.
Plebeian (N.) - belonging to a low social class - common

people
Example-
#Shakespeare treated plebeians with contempt in his plays.
#the opinions were shared by plebeians, gentry, clergy.
Syno- proletarian, commoner, low-class, low-born

TARUN.SIR
Anto=aristocrat, noble, patrician
lacking in refinement
Example-
#he retained a plebeian taste in food and drink.
Syno- uncultured, uncultivated, unrefined, rustic.

Anto=refined, cultivated, sophisticated
Hint- sounds like pebble which are found every where and
are very common. Sadharan, neech, sarvsadharan
Pensive (Adj.) - engaged in deep and serious thought
Example-
#she was in pensive mood and looked intently at the placid
water of the lake.
#she became, withdrawn and pensive, hardly speaking to anyone.
#pensive look.
Syno- thoughtful, thinking, reflective, contemplative, introspective,

chintagrast, udasin
Hint- when a pen is in your mouth, you are always indulged

in some kind of thought.
Puerile (Adj.) - childishly silly and immature - not like an

adult.
Example-
#I find his sense of humor rather puerile.
#though she has grown up, her puerile behavior always irritates
TARUN.SIR
her friends.
#puerile schoolboy humor.
Syno- bachkana
Hint- pure things are always childish and pure.
Quasi (N.) - to a certain or some extent – almost
Example-
#the school uniform is quasi-military in style.
Syno- partly, partially, somewhat, lag bhag
apparently but not really

Example-
#having a likeness to something, resembling.
#a quasi success.
#a quasi contract.
#quasi-American.
Syno- supposedly, seemingly, apparently, allegedly, ostensibly,

ardh
Quandary (N.) - a state of uncertainty or perplexity

TARUN.SIR
Example-
#Most of the students are in quandary about their future
plans after they have completed their children.
#I have had two job offers, and I'm in a real quandary
about/over which one to accept.
Syno- dilemma, plight, predicament, difficult situation.
Hint- quantum physics which is so complex that it leaves you

in dilemma, and uncertainty of photon
Quell (N.) - Put an end to a rebellion or disorder, typically by

the use of force.
Example-
#extra police were called to quell the disturbance.
#Police quelled the riot.
#she quelled an urge to race up the stairs.
Syno- end, finish, crush, curb, suppress, terminate, subdue
to pacify or quiet
Example-
#to quell pain, to quell grief
#to quell child's fear of thunder.
#quell my hunger
Syno- calm, soothe, pacify, mollify, settle, quiet, allay, appease,

assuage, mitigate, alleviate
TARUN.SIR
Quintessence (N.) - the most perfect or typical example
Example-
#the quintessence of evil.
#everybody admires her because she is the quintessence
of benevolence.
Syno- epitome, paragon, ideal, personification,

embodiment, exemplar
essence, core
Example-
#advertising is the quintessence of marketing.
Syno- essence, soul, spirit, ethos, heart, center, crux.
Quarantine (Adj.) - period of separation
Example-
#a period of time during which an animal or person that might
have a disease is kept away from other people or animals so that
the disease cannot spread.
#she was sent home and put in quarantine.
#my dog was in quarantine for six months.
Syno- isolation, segregate, solitude, keep apart

TARUN.SIR
Hindi- aspatal ka alag kamra
Hint- quarantine is pretty familiar in case of antivirus software

you can quarantine the virus affected files which means to isolate
them
Quash (V.) - reject as invalid - especially by legal procedure.
Example-
#his conviction(doshisidhi) was quashed on appeal.
#the appeal court has quashed the convictions.
#his conviction was quashed in March after his counsel
argued that the police evidence was all lies.
#the high court quashed the verdict of the lower court.
Syno- cancel, reverse, revoke, withdraw, countermand, nullify,

invalidate
put an end to - suppress, destroy

Example-
#quash a rumor.
#to quash a rebellion.
#an attempt to quash violence.
Syno- end, finish, subdue, squash, repress
Hint- quash can be framed as crush

TARUN.SIR
Quench (V.) - satisfy one's thirst by drinking.
Example-
#when it's hot, it's best to quench your thirst with water.
#his thirst for knowledge will never be quenched.
extinguish a fire by using water.

Example-
#the flames were quenched by the heavy rain.
#the flames were quickly quenched with buckets of water.
Put and end to-to quench a rebellion.
Syno- smother, douse, put an end to, bhujana,
Qualms (N.) - feeling of doubt - right or wrong
Example-
#an uncomfortable feeling when you doubt if you are doing the
right thing.
#she had no qualms about lying to the police.
#I would have no qualms about doing the same again.
Syno- worry, anxiety, concern, second thought.
Hindi- hichak, pachtava
Quietude (N.) - a state of being calm and peaceful

TARUN.SIR
Example-
#in many of his poems the poet reflects on the quietude of
the countryside.
Quirk (N.) - a peculiar aspect of a person's character or

behavior
Example-
#they accepted her attitude as one of her little quirks.
#you have to get used to other people's quirks and foibles.
Syno- idiosyncrasy, peculiarity, foible, oddity.
strange or unexpected occurrence

Example-
#a quirk of fate.
#by some quirk of nature/fate.
#one can call his misfortune just a quirk of fate.
Syno- chance, fluke, freak, twist of fate
Quixotic (Adj.) - extremely idealistic, unrealistic and

impractical
Example-
#a vast and perhaps quixotic project)
TARUN.SIR
#he has not been successful in life because of his quixotic ideas.
#not sensible about practical matters.
Syno- romantic, utopian, visionary, perfectionist, unrealistic.
Hint- quick+exotic, if you desire something exotic to

happen quickly in your life, it is just a daydream.
Quizzical (Adj.) - suggesting puzzlement, questioning
Example-
#she gave me a quizzical look/glance/smile.
Syno- puzzled, perplexed, baffled, enquiring, curious, sceptical
amusingly odd and strange

Example-
#one of the most quizzical movies ever made.
Hint- quizz+comical= quic(curious) in a comical way
Querulous (Adj.) - often complaining, especially in a weak

high voice
Example-
#he became increasingly dissatisfied and querulous in his
old age.
#a querulous voice.
TARUN.SIR
#she became querulous and demanding.
Syno- petulant, complaining, fretful, discontented, chidchida,

or kudkud karne wala
Hint- queri= complain
Refurbish (V.) - to make clean, bright, or fresh again –

renovate
Example-
#the developers refurbished the house inside and out.
#we have spent money on refurbishing the office.
Syno- renovate, redecorate, revamp, renew, rebuild, reconstruct,

remodel,
Hint- refurbish- refurnish
Rudimentary (Adj.) – basic – elementary
Example-
#his knowledge is still only rudimentary.
#I have only a rudimentary knowledge of English.
#he received a rudimentary education.
#if one wishes to learn the art of conversation, one must be aware
of the rudimentary rules of grammar.
TARUN.SIR
Syno- basic, elementary, introductory, early, primary, initial,
first, funadamental
relating to immature, undeveloped, or basic

form Example-
#a rudimentary stage of evolution.
#rudimentary plans.
#rudimentary plants/leaves.
#rudimentary wings.
Syno- primitive, crude, simple, unsophisticated, rough
Hint- rudimentary- fundamental
Remonstrate (V.) - to argue in protest and objection - to

complain
Example-
#to remonstrate with the government.
#I went to the boss to remonstrate against the new rules.
#the players remonstrated with the umpire about the run-
out decision.
Syno- protest, complain, object, argue,
Anto- accept
Hint- when woman mensturate they often remonstrate

TARUN.SIR
Repudiate (V.) - refuse to accept – reject
Example-
#she has repudiated policies associated with previous
party leaders.
#I utterly repudiate those remarks.
Syno- reject, renounce, abandon, discard, disown
Anto- embrace
disown or divorce
Example-
#to repudiate a son.
#woman repudiated her insane husband.
deny the truth or validity of

Example-
#the minister repudiated allegations of human right abuses.
#to repudiate an accusation.
#he repudiated the charges.
Syno- deny, refute, contradict,
Anto- confirm, acknowledge
Hint- repud(refuse)+iate(ate)
TARUN.SIR
Rapprochement (N.) – reconciliation
Example-
#an agreement reached by opposing groups or people.
#there were sings of growing rapprochement between the
two countries.
Hint- re+approach= fighting people approach again.
Raze (V.) - to completely destroy a city, town or building
Example-
#villages were razed to the ground.
#the building was razed.
Syno- destroy, demolish, bulldoze,
Hint- raze= erase
Recrimination (N.) - argument between people who are

blaming each other
Example-
#mutual accusations, a counter charge
#the peace talks broke down and ended in bitter
mutual recrimination(s).
TARUN.SIR
Syno- accusation, counter-accusation, counter-charge, counter-
attack
Hint- re(again)+crimination(crime), accuse one another again

and again of crimes- counter-charge
Repercussion (N.) - an unintended consequence of an

event or action, especially an unwelcome one
Example-
#the move would have grave repercussions for the entire region.
#the repercussions of the war are still keenly felt.
#serious repercussions.
Syno- consequences, result, effect, outcome, natiizey
Retrograde (V.) - moving backward
Example-
#a retrograde flow.
#the retrograde motion of planets.
returning to the older or worse conditions, methods and ideas etc.

Example-
#reverting to an inferior or earlier condition.
#it would be a retrograde step to revert to the old system.
#to go back on the progress that has been made would be
a retrograde step.
TARUN.SIR
Syno- unprogressive, for the worse, deteriorating, backward,
declining, negative, downhill, get worse or fall back in
previous condition
Hint- retro- behind, backward
Retaliate (V.) - make an attack in return for a similar attack
Example-
#to retaliate for an injury.
#If someone insults you, don't retaliate as it only makes
the situation worse.
#the terrorist retaliated against the government with a
bomb attack.
Syno- strike back, fight back, respond, hit back,

react, reciprocate, counter attack, avenge, revenge.
Retinue (N.) - a group of people who travel with an important

person to help them like advisers and assistants.
Example-
#the president travels with a large retinue of aides
and bodyguards.
#the prime minister arrived in the town with a retinue of officials.
Syno- company, cortege, escort, entourage, staff, bodyguard

TARUN.SIR
Hint- sounds like routine what you follow(daily) is retinue
Ramification (N.) - a complex or unwelcome consequence

of an action or event
Example-
#any change is bound to have legal ramifications.
#have you considered all the ramifications of your
suggestion? #these issues have powerful and personal and
political ramifications.
Syno- consequence, result, aftermath, outcome, effect
the act of branching out or dividing into branches

Example-
#ramifications of nerve.
#an extended family with its ramifications, shakha
Syno- branch, leg
Relegate (V.) - put to lower position
Example-
#to put someone or something into a lower or less important rank
or position.
#she resigned when she was relegated to a desk job.
#they aim to prevent women from being relegated to a secondary
TARUN.SIR
role.
#other newspapers relegated the item to the middle pages.
#the team was relegated to sixth position.
Syno- downgrade, lower
Anto-upgrade, promote
refer to another person for

decision Example-
#she likes to relegate difficult project to her colleagues.
#relegate the matter to committee.
#the lawyer submitted the material to the court.
Syno- pass on
banish or exile
Example-
#he was relegate from his own country.
#(to assign to a particular group or category or kind)
#people argue about to relegate people in the society.
Recant (V.) - to say publicly that one no longer holds and

opinion or belief
Example-
#to repudiate or withdraw(a former belief or statement),
usually under pressure.
#she recanted her beliefs.
TARUN.SIR
#she recanted her earlier statements about religion.
Syno- abjure, retract, renounce, forswear, deny,

repudiate, relinquish or abandon, disown
Hint- RE(again)+ cant(cannot)- reject
Restive (Adj.) - restless, nervous, uneasy
Example-
#unwilling to be controlled or be patient.
#the audience was becoming restive as they waited for
the performance to begin.
#the audience grew restive.
Syno- restless, edgy, fidgety, on edge, tense, uneasy, nervous,

agitated, anxious, impatient, besabar, bechain, betaab
Anto- calm,
Hint- restive= restless
Rampage (N.) (V.) - a period of violent and uncontrollable

behavior by a group of people
TARUN.SIR
Example-
#rioters went on a/the rampage through the city.
#a bull that went on the rampage.
#a chef went on the rampage in his kitchen.
#to go on the rampage
Syno- berserk, wild, violent, frenzied,
Verb- move through a place in a violent or uncontrollable manner

especially large group of people
Example-
#several thousand demonstrators rampaged through the
city. #several villages were destroyed by rampaging soldiers.
#the elephants rampaged through the jungle.
Syno- rush wildly/madly, riot,
Hint- rampage= rage
Hindi- hungama
Rapt (Adj.) - fully attentive
Example-
#deeply engrossed.
#completely fascinated or absorbed by what one is seeing
or hearing.
#a rapt teenage audience.
#she sat with rapt expression reading her book.
TARUN.SIR
#the children watched with rapt attention.
#listened to the speaker with rapt admiration.
#I noticed that everyone was watching me with rapt attention.
Syno- fascinated, enthralled, captivated, enchanted, entranced,

charmed,
Hint- rapt listener, hindi- magan, leen, tanmay
Renegade (N.) (Adj.) (V.) - a person who betrays an

organization, country or set of principles
Examples-
#traitor, deserter, turncoat,
#he was a renegade- a traitor
traitorous, rebel, disloyal, unfaithful,

Example-
#someone who rebels and become an outlaw.
#the renegade policeman supplied details of the
murder. #a renegade bodyguard
Syno- treacherous, traitorous, disloyal, rebel,
Hint- renegade sounds like grenade. A person who throws a

grenade in his own country is a traitor.
Hindi- pakhandi, bhagoda

TARUN.SIR
Retard (V.) - delay in terms of progress and development
Example-
#to cause to move slowly, impede
#continuing violence will retard negotiations.
#population problem has retarded economic progress in every
field.
#A rise in interest rates would severely retard economic growth.
Syno- delay, slow-down, hold back, set back, postpone
Anto- accelerate or expedite
Reprisal (V.) - retaliation for a loss or injury
Example-
#the act of forcibly seizing an enemy's goods or citizens
in retaliation for a loss or injury inflicted. #military
reprisals.
#the attack was in reprisal for the kidnapping of their leaders.
Syno- counterattack, counter-stroke, revenge
Hint- re+Uprise= fight back

TARUN.SIR
Rancour/rancor (N.) - bitterness or resentfulness
Example-
#he was filled with rancor after losing his job.
#they cheated me, but I feel no rancor towards/against them.
#though they had planned to marry, now there is feeling of
rancor between them.
Syno- bitterness, site, hate, hatred, resentment, malice,

animosity, antipathy, enmity, hostility
Anto- amicability
Hint- ran(run)+chor(theif).. When thief run away with your

money..you will be bitter or full of resentment
Ravage (N.) (V.) - to cause great damage to something
Example-
#a tornado ravaged the town.
#the area has been ravaged by drought/floods/war.
Syno- devastate, ruin, destroy, raze, demolish, wreck, damage
Noun- destruction, damage or harm
Example-
#the storm resulted in the ravage of the countryside.
TARUN.SIR
#the ravages committed by man.
Syno- destruction, damage, devastation, ruin, havoc, wreckage,
destructive and harmful effects of something
Example-
#the ravages of disease.
#the ravages of time.
#the ravages of war.
Hint- in order to take revenge against your enemy you have

to ravage his army.
Render (V.) - provide or give - a service or help etc.
Example-
#money serves as a reward for services rendered.
#he is always prepared to render help to the needy.
#render a service, render assistance
Syno-give, provide, supply, make available
Cause to be/become – make

Example-
#the rains rendered his escape impossible.
#his rudeness rendered me speechless.
#it has so many errors as to render it useless.
TARUN.SIR
Hint- rhymes with vendor= who delivers you goods.
Recipient (N.) - a person who receives something
Example-
#he was a recipient of civilian service award.
#recipients of awards.
#the recipient of the nobel peace prize.
Repartee (N.) - quick and usually witty or funny answers and

remarks in conversation
Example-
#he has a quick mind and splendid gift of repartee.
#Oscar Wilde's plays are full of witty repartee.
Syno- banter, bantering, badinage, witty conversation,

persiflage, haazir jawabi
Hindi- retort+witty, retort-karara jawab
Reiterate (V.) - to say something again or number of times,

typically for emphasis or clarity
Example-
#the government has reiterated its refusal to compromise
with terrorists.
TARUN.SIR
#she kept reiterating her request.
Syno- repeat, say again, restate, retell, recapitulate
Hindi- baar baar dhohrana
Replete (Adj.) - filled or well-supplied with something
Example-
#this car has an engine replete with the latest technology.
#a speech replete with humor.
#there is no peace in the family though the home is replete with
every modern comfort.
#it is replete with misery.
Syno-full, filled, well-stocked, well-supplied, well provided,

loaded, stuffed, abounding
stuffed with food and drink)-fill to satisfaction with food and drink
Example-
#replete after a heavy lunch.
Syno- sated, full, well-fed, satiated, satisfied
Hint- repeatedly eat
Rowdy (Adj.) - noisy and possibly violent – disorderly –

rough
TARUN.SIR
Example-
#a rowdy party.
#a rowdy behavior.
#Rowdy teenagers.
#he has complained about rowdy behaviors.
Syno- unruly, disorderly, badly behaved, uncontrollable
Noun - a noisy or disorderly person

Example-
#we are accused of being rowdy in the pub.
#the owner kept a baseball bat to deal with rowdies.
Syno- hooligan, ruffian
Redundant (Adj.) - unnecessary because it is more than is

needed - especially of a word, phrase etc.
Example-
#superfluous- more than is needed, required or
desired #a student paper filled with redundant phrases.
#a redundant part.
#the use of computers in the government offices has
made thousands of workers redundant.
no longer in employment because there is no more work available

TARUN.SIR
Example-
#eight permanent staff were made redundant.
Syno- dismissed, sacked,
Syno- unnecessary, not required, inessential, needless,

unwanted, useless
Anto- essential, necessary
Rift (N.) - a large crack in something
Example-
#the stream had cut a deep rift in the rock.
#he saw the sun through a rift in the clouds.
Syno- crack, flaw, split, break, gap, breach, space
A serious break in friendly relations

Example-
#a rift between siblings.
#they hope to heal the rift with their father.
#the marriage caused a rift between the brothers and they
didn't speak to each other for ten years.
Syno- breach, division, split, argument, altercation, darar,

anban, foot
TARUN.SIR
Ruse (N.) - a trick intended to deceive someone
Example-
#It was just a ruse to distract her while his partner took
the money.
#this was a ruse to divide them.
Syno- tactic, move, trick, dodge, stratagem, cunning plan.
Hint- re+use= in a shop the shopkeeper reused the old

goods, which is deceptive, chaaal, chall, dhoka
Rampant (Adj.) - getting worse quickly and in an

uncontrolled way
Example-
#unrestrained, uncontrolled
#rampant corruption.
#political violence was rampant.
#a rampant epidemic.
#rampant corruption in government.
Syno- uncontrolled, widespread, unchecked, unbridled

Ant- controlled,
growth beyond control

TARUN.SIR
Example-
#a rampant growth of weeds
#a rich soil soon becomes home to rampant weeds
Hint- rampant can be divided as ramp+ant where ants

are generally more in number. aniyantrit
Rife (Adj.) - in widespread existence, use - increasingly

prevalent
Example-.
#rumor was rife in the village.
#malaria is rife in the refugee camp.
#the city is rife with rumors of communal riots.
#crime is rife in the city.
full of something unpleasant

Example-
#the office was rife with rumors.
Syno- widespread, general, common, universal,

omnipresent, ubiquitous, everywhere, epidemic
excessively abundant
Example-
#a land rife with poverty.
Hint- rife- rifle which has abundant bullets.

TARUN.SIR
Redress (N.) - remedy or compensation for a wrong or
grievance
Example-
#to seek redress of grievances.
#the victim of the police injustice sought legal redress.
Syno- compensation, reparation, restitution, repayment,
Verb- remedy or set right(an undesirable or unfair situation

Example-
#he should be redressed for the loss.
Syno- rectify, correct, right, set right, amend, remedy, repair,

fix, heal,
Hint- redress is "relief from distress"
Redoubtable (Adj.) - very strong, especially in character,

producing respect and a little fear in others
Example-
#tonight he faces the most redoubtable opponent of his
boxing career.
#he is redoubtable fighter/ debater.
#india needs redoubtable politicians to build india strong.
TARUN.SIR
Syno- formidable, awe-inspiring, fearsome, daunting,
alarming, mahaprakarmi.
Sangfroid (N.) - composure or calmness shown in danger
Example-
#the ability to stay calm in a difficult or dangerous situation.
#he behaves throughout with a certain sang-froid.
Syno- composure, equanimity, self-control
Hint- cold blood
Scourge (N.) - a whip used as an instrument of punishment -

koda or chabuk
Example-
#whip, horse-whip, lash,
#a person or thing that causes great trouble or
suffering #the scourge of mass unemployment. #the
scourge of war/poverty/drugs.
#pop-up ads have been described as the scourge of the internet.
Verb- whip someone as a punishment

Example-
#our people did scourge him severely.
Syno- flog, beat, whip, horsewhip, lash, cane, thrash,

TARUN.SIR
#cause great suffering to
#political methods used to scourge and oppress workers)
#the country has been scourged by famine in recent
years. #the scourge of famine.
Syno- afflict, plague, torment, torture, oppress, punish.
Hint- scourge= severe punishment- one word
Salvage (V.) - rescue from a loss at sea - a wrecked ship or

its cargo.
Example-
#gold coins salvaged from a shipwreck.
#he salvaged his books from the burning house.
#after the fire, there wasn't much furniture left salvaging.
Syno- rescue, save, recover, retrieve, get back.
#to try to make a bad situation better

#it was a desperate attempt to salvage the situation.
#after the fraud scandal he had to make great efforts to
salvage his reputation.
Noun- the rescue of a wrecked ship from loss

Example-
#a salvage operation was under way.
#the salvage of the ship went on.
TARUN.SIR
Syno- rescue, saving, recovery, salvation
Hint- salvage- or savage= savage- destroy, or salvage- save
Sultry (Adj.) – torrid - hot and humid of the air and weather
Example-
#sultry july weather.
#the sultry sands of desert.
#Expressing sexual desire
Suggesting a strong sexual nature or behavior- woman

#a sultry look.
#a sultry dance.
#she's is the sultry blonde in that new chocolate commercial.
Syno- sensual, sexy, erotic, seductive, provocative, tempting
Surmise (V.) - to guess or suppose something without

having much or any proof to confirm it
Example-
#the police surmise that the robbers have fled the country.
#he surmised that something must be wrong.
TARUN.SIR
Syno- guess, conjecture, suspect, deduce, infer, conclude
, andaja lagana, anuman karna
Noun- a guess or supposition that something may be

true-without having enough evidence
Example-
#he was glad to have his surmise confirmed.
#my surmise turned out to be right.
#the article is pure surmise and innuendo.
#his surmise proved correct.
Syno- guess, supposition, conjecture, hypothesis, andaja,

anuman
Spurious (Adj.) - fake or false
Example-
#separating authentic and spurious claims>
#there is a glut of spurious drugs in the market.
Syno- bogus, fake, not genuine, counterfeit, feigned,

sham, fallacious, fraudulent, jaali, nakli
Example-
#plausible but false - specious
#false and not what it appears to be or(of reasons of judgments)
#a spurious claim.
#spurious inferences.
#Spurious reasoning, spurious justification.
TARUN.SIR
Hint- sounds like furious- you get furious when you hear spurious
arguments.
Supersede (V.) - to take place of – supplant
Example-
#to replace something, especially something older or more
old fashioned)
#the older models of car have now been superseded.
#the marketing manager was superseded by his junior, the
former resigned.
Syno- replace, supplant, remove
Hint- when a super new things arrives, we replace the old

things because it is obsolete.
Saga (N.) - a long story of heroic achievement
Example-
#the saga of Indian soldiers on the war front is
beyond description.
Syno- epic, chronicle, legend, folk tale, narrative,
#along involved story, account, or series of incident

#it was just another episode in the ongoing saga of their marriage
TARUN.SIR
problems.
#I expect he told you the saga of his troubles.
#he told me the whole saga of what had happened.
Salutary (Adj.) - producing good effects- especially with

reference to something unwelcome or unpleasant - beneficial.
Example-
#a salutary experience.
#salutary advice.
#a salutary warning.
#salutary working conditions tend to improve the efficiency of
the workers.
Syno- beneficial, good, advantageous, profitable,

productive, helpful, useful, valuable
#health - giving
#the salutary mountain air
Syno- healthy, health-giving, healthful, beneficial
Hindi- laabhdayak
Sumptuous (Adj.) - splendid and expensive – looking
Example-
#luxurious and showing that you are rich.
#sumptuous feast was served on the occasion of the wedding.
TARUN.SIR
#sumptuous costumes.
#they live in sumptuous surroundings.
Syno- lavish, luxurious, deluxe, opulent, magnificent, splendid,

extravagant, lush, rich
Hint- sumptuous- sampattti
Substantiate (V.) - to prove the truth of something - support

with proof or evidence.
Example-
#he had found nothing to substantiate the allegations.
#we have evidence to substantiate the allegations against him.
#substantiate an accusation.
#there is little scientific evidence to substantiate the claims.
Syno- prove, support, uphold, justify, verify, confirm, affirm,

endorse,
Establish, validate
Hint- provide substantial evidence, sidhh karna
Sedition (N.) - language inciting rebellion against the

authority of state
Example-
#language or behavior that is intended to persuade other people
TARUN.SIR
to oppose their government
#government officials charged him with sedition.
Syno- rebellion, provocation,
Hint- sedition- opposition
Stint (N.) - a person's fixed or allotted period of work
Example-
#he has just finished a stint of compulsory military service.
#a five-year stint in Hong kong.
#our servants performs his daily stint without grumbling.
Syno- spell, stretch, period, time, session, term, karyakaal
Verb- to be economical in providing soemthing)-hold back

Example-
#the bride's parents did not stint on the wine- there was plenty for
everyone.
#he does not stint when providing knowledge.
Supercilious (Adj.) - arrogant or haughty
Example-
#behaving as if you are better than other people, and that
their opinions, beliefs, or ideas are not important. #his manner
is supercilious and arrogant.
TARUN.SIR
#he spoke in a haughty, supercilious voice.
Syno- arrogant, haughty, conceited, disdainful,

pompous, superior, snobbish, smug, ghamandi
Hint- super senior- thinks they are superior to others.
Sporadic (Adj.) - occurring irregularly
Example-
#sporadic fighting broke out.
#a sporadic electricity supply.
#sporadic firing.
Syno- occasional, infrequent, irregular, periodical, periodic,

spasmodic, random,
Anto- frequent, regular, steady, continuous
Status quo (N.) - the present situation - yathasthiti, vartman

sthiti
Example-
#existing condition or state of affairs, especially regarding social
and political issues.
#they have vested interest in maintaining status quo.
#certain people always want to maintain the status quo.
#India and Pakistan have agreed to maintain status quo in
TARUN.SIR
respect of LOC in Kashmir.
Superannuated (Adj.) - retired or ineffective because of

advanced age
Example-
#the superannuated army personnel are not satisfied with their
pension grade.
#outdate or obsolete through age or new
developments #superannuated computing equipment.
#superannuated laws.
Syno- old, old-fashioned, antiquated, out of date, outmoded
Hint- super- jada, annual year= jada age
Scion (N.) - a descendant of a notable family
Example-
#he was the scion of a wealthy family.
#scion of the ruling dynasty.
Syno- offshoot, heir, successor, offspring, vanshaj
Anto- ancestor, predecessor
Hint- scion can be remembered as the son

TARUN.SIR
Salient (Adj.) - most noticeable or important
Example-
#she began to summarize the salient features/ points of the
proposal.
#the article presented the salient facts of the dispute clearly and
concisely.
Syno- important, main, principal, major, chief, notable,

conspicuous, noticeable, prominent, key, crucial, vital,
essential, central, prime
Hint-salient features- most important features
Sagacious (Adj.) - wise, judicious – shrewd
Example-
#a sagacious person/comment/choice
Syno- wise, clever, intelligent, knowledgeable,

sensible Hint- sagacious- sage
Schism (N.) - a separation or division into two parts
Example-
#a division into two groups caused by a disagreement
about ideas, especially in a religious organizations.
TARUN.SIR
#a schism within the church.
#the widening schism between the church leaders and politicians.
Syno- division, split, rift, breach, break, rupture, foot, matbhed
Hint- sounds like prism which splits light into colors.
Savour / savor (V.) - to enjoy food slowly, in order to enjoy it

as much as possible or appreciate it
Example-
#It was first chocolate he'd tasted for over a year, so he
savored every mouthful.
#he savored the delicious soup.
#or - take pleasure in something
Noun- pleasure and interest

Example-
#she felt that life had lost most of its
savor/savour #life without her had no
savor/savour. #it has lost its savour
#a smell or taste or flavour, especially pleasant one
#the subtle savor/savour of wood smoke. #the rich
savor of the coffee.
Syno- taste, flavour, tang, aroma, smell, fragrance, odour
Hint- savour- flavour

TARUN.SIR
Sartorial (Adj.) - relating to tailoring, clothes or style of dress
Example-
#sartorial elegance.
#in the modern era these are rapid changes in sartorial fashions.
Syno- sarotial= saari
Succour/succor (N.) - assitance and support in times of

hardship and distress
Example-
#her organization gave succuor and strength to those who had
been emotionally damaged
#have you offered comfort and succour to you friend?
#the government has provided ample succour to the farmer
affected by flood.
Syno- aid, help, support, relief, assiatance, preshani me sahayta
Verb- give assistance or aid to

Example-
#students should be encouraged, supported and succored.
#to succuor the poor, help the helpless, support the weak.
Hint- in hindi movies housewives ask for shakkar(succour) at

the time of need form the their neighbours.
TARUN.SIR
Stringent (Adj.) - strict, precise, exacting - of regulations,
requirements or conditions
Example-
#Stringent guidelines on air pollution.
#the most stringent laws in the world are useless.
#stringent safety regulations were introduced after the accident.
#stringent safety measures.
Syno- strict, firm, rigid, rigorous, severe, harsh, tough, stiff,
Hint- stringent-strict
Scruple (N.) - a feeling of doubt or hesitation with regard to

the morality
Example-
#he is a man without scruple- he has no conscience.
#a man with no moral scruples.
Syno- qualms
Verb- hesitate or be reluctant to do something that one thinks

may be wrong
Example-
#she doesn’t scruple to ask her parents for money.
#he wouldn’t scruple to cheat his own mother if there was money
in it for him.
TARUN.SIR
Shambles (N.) - a state of total disorder
Example-
#my career was in a shambles.
#after the party, the house was a complete shambles.
#our economy is in shambles.
#the room was a shambles after the party.
Syno- chaos, mess, muddle, confusion, disorder

Example-
#a butcher's slaughterhouse - kasaikhana
#the shambles where the animals were slaughtered.
Sacrosanct (Adj.) - regarded as sacred and inviolable
Example-
#thought to be too important or too special to be
changed. #I'm willing to help on any weekday, but my
weekdays are sacrosanct.
#the individual's right to work has been upheld as sacrosanct.
Syno- sacred, inviolable, inviolate
Hint- sacrosanct- sacred
Spiteful (Adj.) – malicious - desire to hurt

TARUN.SIR
Example-
#the teachers made spiteful little jokes about me.
#spiteful friend.
Syno- malicious, mean, nasty, cruel, unkind, hurtful,

malevolent, vindicative
Stigma (Adj.) - a mark of disgrace associated with a

particular circumstance, quality or person
Example-
#there is no longer any stigma to being divorced.
#the stigma of mental disorder.
#the stigma of having been in prison.
Syno- shame, disgrace, dishonor, stain, kalank, laanchan
Sluggish (Adj.) - slow or inactive - with less energy of power
Example-
#a heavy lunch makes me sluggish in the afternoon.
#a sluggish stream.
#I woke late feeling tired and sluggish.
Syno- inactive, quiet, slow, lethargic, dull
Hint- sluggish= slow+ish

TARUN.SIR
Sedentary (Adj.) - tending to spend much time seated
Example-
#involving little exercise or physical activity.
#a sedentary job/occupation.
#my doctor says I should start playing sport because my lifestyle
is too sedentary.
#those engaged in sedentary jobs need physical exercise.
Syno- sitting, desk-bound, stationary
Hint- dentary- dentist, you require a lot of sitting to make your

teeth healthy.
Tepid (Adj.) – lukewarm - thoda thoda garam
Example-
#please take the medicine with lukewarm.
#showing little enthusiasm
#the applause was tepid.
#i got a tepid response to my suggestion.
Syno- unenthusiastic, uninterested
Hint- tea+Pii= garam tea pee
Tortuous (Adj.) - full of twists and turns and changes of

direction.
TARUN.SIR
Example-
#the route is remote and tortuous.
#he took a tortuous route through back streets.
#a tortuous mountain route.
Syno- winding, curvy. Zigzag

Example-
#excessively lengthy and complex)
#a tortuous argument.
#long and tortuous negotiations.
#a tortuous plot.
#tortuous legal procedures.
Syno- convoluted, roundabout, circuitous, indirect, confusing
Hint- tortuous- teda medapan, (peechida)
Tryst (N.) - private meeting
Example-
#a meeting between two people who are having a
romantic relationship especially a secret one #a moonlight
tryst.
#the villagers got wind of the tryst between lovers and hacked
them to death.
Hint- try to meet secretly
Tentative (Adj.) - not certain or fixed - provisional

TARUN.SIR
Example-
#a tentative conclusion.
#I have a tentative plans to take a trip to shimla in july.
#nothing is yet final, only tentative programme has been
anounced.
Syno- provisional, unconfirmed,

unsettled, Example-
#done without confidence - hesitant.
#tentative steps towards podium.
#my first attempts at complaining were very tentative.
Syno- hesitant, uncertain, cautious, unconfident, timid, unsteady,

shaky
Hint- living in a tent temporarily, if you are living in a tent, you

are unsettled.
Terminus (N.) - the final point, the end
Example-
#last stop of rail, road
#mumbai is the terminus of the western railways.
Thwart (V.) - to stop something from happening or someone

from doing something
Example-
#our holidays plans were thwarted by the bus drivers' strike.
Syno- frustrate-(prevent)
Frustrate k do meaning hote hai ek prevent or ek annoy
TARUN.SIR
Trauma (N.) - a deeply distressing or disturbing experience
Example-
#powerful shock.
#I'd been through the trauma of losing a house.
#the trauma of marriage breakdown.
#childhood traumas.
#physical injury
#spinal trauma.
Syno- injury, damage, hurt, wound, brusie
Travesty (N) - a false, absurd or distorted representation of

something
Example-
#the jury's verdict was a travesty of injustice. I.E- a miscarriage
failure - collapse of justice, an act of the legal system that is an
insult to the system of justice. #ex - miscarriage of the project.
#the trial of patriots like Bhagat singh was a sheer travesty

of justice.
#the court ruling was a travesty of justice.
Syno- misrepresentation, distortion, mockery, parody, caricature,

poor imitation
Verb- represent in a false, absurd or distorted way)
Syno- misrepresent, parody, mock, ridicule

TARUN.SIR
Hint- travesty is a mockery or an absurd or distorted imitation
of the original, haasya janak anukaran
Throttle (V.) - attack or kill someone by choking or strangling

them
Example-
#sometimes he annoys me so much that I could throttle him.
#the old woman was throttled to death by the dacoits.
#he tried to throttle her with wire.
Syno- strangle, choke, suffocate
Hint- troat-kill.. It means to kill by squeezing the throat.
Trite (Adj.) - lacking originality or freshness
Example-
#I know it will sound trite, but I've loved being part of this club.
#a trite comment.
Syno- hackneyed, banal, cliched, platitude, vapid,
Tenet (N.) - a principle, belief, or doctrine
Example-
#especially one of the main principles of a religion or philosophy.
#non-violence is the central tenet of their faith.
#the tenets of Buddhism emphasize the need of simple life.
Syno- principal, belief, doctrine, percept, creed, dogma, rule-

TARUN.SIR
siddhant
Hint- the ten commandments.
Tribulation (N.) - a state of great trouble or suffering
Example-
#his time of tribulation was just beginning.
#she went through tribulation in life with fortitude.
#A time of great tribulation.
Syno- trouble, worry, anxiety, burden, affliction,

adversity, hardship, difficulty, problem
Hint- tribes of our nation undergo only suffering and distress
Tenuous (Adj.) - very weak, fragile and delicate
Example-
#a tenuous connection, idea, or situation is weak and
possible does not exist.
#the police have only found a tenuous connection between the
two robberies.
#a tenuous link between pieces of evidences.
#a tenuous argument.
#a tenuous thread
Syno- slight, insubstantial, flimsy, negligible, weak, fragile,

fine, thin, delicate
Hint- tenuis- thin

TARUN.SIR
Terse (Adj.) - Brief and to the point, abruptly concise
Example-
#using few words, sometimes in a way that seems rude
and unfriendly
#a terse one word answer
#a terse statement.
Syno- concise, succinct, brief, short, blunt, abrupt, pithy, laconic,

crisp, curt, brusque, sankshipt
Hint- terse rhymes with verse which is concise and pithy
Travail (N.) - painful or laborious effort
Example-
#he did whatever he could to ease their travail.
#he has gone through travail and suffering in life manfully.
Syno- toil, suffering, pain, stress, hardwork,

Example-
#to be in labour of childbirth
#a woman in travail.
Hint- travail= taravel+rail= when you travel a long distance in

a rail full of people - you suffer from travail
Threshold (N.) - the floor of an entrance to a building or

room
TARUN.SIR
Example-
#he stood on the threshold of her bedroom.
#they stood on the threshold of the church.
Syno- doorstep, doorway, entrance, entry, gate, gateway, deheli,

chokhat, dehleej
Example-
#the point of entry or beginning - the
outset #on the threshold of a new era. #the
threshold of a new career.
#she is on the threshold of a dazzling career.
#India is on the threshold of economic revolution.
Syno- start, starting point, beginning, verge, edge, brink,

dawn, opening
Tainted (Adj.) - contaminate or pollute something
Example-
#the air was tainted by fumes from the cars.
#toothpaste that is tainted with toxic metals.
Syno- contaminate, pollute, adulterate, infect, spoil, ruin, corrupt
#affect with a bad or undesirable quality

#his administration was tainted by scandal.
#his reputation was permanently tainted by the financial scandal.
#a reputation that was tainted by allegation of illegal activity.
Syno- corrupt, debase, damage, hurt, infect, poison

TARUN.SIR
Transcend (V.) - to go beyond the limits of a field of activity
or conceptual sphere
Example-
#this was an issue transcending party politics.
#the best films are those which transcend national or
cultural barriers.
Syno- go beyond, rise above, cut across
#surpass a person or achievement

#he doubts that he will ever transcend Shakespeare.
#peace of life in one's life transcends all material
achievements. #the underlying message of the film is that love
transcends everything else.
Syno- surpass, excel, exceed, beat, overshadow, leave behind
Usurpation (N.) - act of seizing power - hadap lena
Example-
#to take control of a position of power, especially without having
the right to;
#local control is being usurped by central government.
#the military leader was charged with the usurpation of the throne.
#illegal seizure or occupation of throne
Hint- us not ur property
Umbrage (N.) - offence or resentment
Example-
#she took umbrage at his remarks.
TARUN.SIR
#will she take umbrage if she is not invited to the
wedding? #he took umbrage at their rudeness.
#he takes umbrage against anyone who criticizes him.
Syno- be offended, take offence, take something personally, be

upset, be annoyed, be angry, be insulted
Hint- rage- anger, resentment
Unearth (V.) - dig up or find in the ground by digging
Example-
#no evidence has yet been unearthed.
#fossil hunters have unearthed the bones of an elephant.
#a private detective has unearthed some fresh evidence.
Syno- excavate, mine
Anto- bury
Unkempt (Adj.) - untidy or not care for – disorderly
Example-
#unkempt hair.
#an unkempt garden.
#unkempt appearance.
#they were unwashed and unkempt.
#when he came out of the police station he looked unkempt.
Syno- untidy, messy, scruffy, dishevelled, ungroomed,

shabby, shaggy
TARUN.SIR
Hint- unkept
Unilateral (Adj.) - involving only one group or country
Example-
#one sided.
#a unilateral decision.
Unsavoury (Adj.) - unpleasant or morally offensive –

disagreeable
Example-
#an unsavoury character.
#unsavoury sexual practices.
#an unsavoury reputation
Syno- disreputable, nasty, disgusting, objectionable, offensive,

repulsive, immoral
Example-
#disagreeable to taste, smell or look at - distasteful, beswaad,
feeka
#unsavoury school meals.
Unruly (Adj.) - difficult or impossible to discipline, control or

rule
Example-
#a group of unruly children.
#unruly teenagers.
#unruly behaviour.
TARUN.SIR
Syno- disorderly, rowdy, uncontrollable, disobedient, disruptive,
undisciplined, chaotic,
Anto- disciplined and obidient
Vie (V.) - to compete with other people to achieve something
Example-
#the middle class should not vie with the rich.
#six candidates are currently vying for the democratic
presidential nomination.
Syno- compete, contend, contest, struggle, fight, battle,
Venerable (Adj.) - deserving high respect - because of age,

wisdom or character
Example-
#a venerable family.
#a venerable old man with white hair.
Syno- respected, venerated, revered, reverenced,

honoured, esteemed
Anto- disreputable, dishonourable
Vent (V.) - to vent one's feelings and emotion – express
Example-
#children give vent to their anger in various ways.
TARUN.SIR
#please don't shout- there is no need to vent your
frustration/anger on me.
Veer (V.) - to change direction suddenly
Example-
#all of a sudden, the car veered off the road.
#our talk soon veered onto the subject of money.
#a helicopter veered off course into an oil platform.
Syno- swing, deviate, turn, change
Vehement (Adj.) - expressing strong feeling - forceful,

passionate, intense
Example-.
#forcefulness of expression of conviction or emotion.
#a vehement denial.
#despite vehement opposition from his family, he quit school and
became an actor.
#both men were vehement in their denial of the charges against
them.
Syno- passionate, forceful, ardent, heated, fervent,

strong, powerful, intense, violent
Anto- mild, apathetic
Hint- vehement-cement- strong, forceful, jooshila

TARUN.SIR
Vagary (N.) - an unexpected or unpredictable change in a
situation - or someone's behavior
Example-
#the vagaries of the weather.
#the vagaries of business travel.
#I can't explain the vagaries of his behaviour.
Syno- quirk, idiosyncrasy, peculiarity, oddity,

foible, unpredictability
Vantage (N.) - a place and position affording a good view of

something or some advantage
Example-
#from my vantage point, we can see the city spread below us.
#the militants occupied the position of vantage and started firing
across the valley.
Syno- point of view, viewpoint, standpoint, outlook, perspective,
Hint- ad-vantage
Venal (Adj.) - open to bribery
Example-
#a venal person is willing to behave in a way that is not honest or
moral in exchange for money.
#a venal police officer.
#local customs officers are notoriously venal.
#venal and totally corrupt politicians.
TARUN.SIR
#characterized by corrupt dealings, especially bribery
#a venal arrangement between the police and the drug dealers.
#a venal regime.
#they are accused of being involved in venal practices.
Syno- corrupt, buyable, ghooskhor
Anto- honest, honourable
Vitiate (V.) - spoil or damage the quality or efficiency of

something
Example-
#development programmes have been vitiated by the rise in
population.
#his admirable character is vitiated by his pride.
#electoral abuses which could vitiate the entire voting process.
#destroy or damage the legal validity of something

#to vitiate a claim.
#to vitiate a contract.
#the reservation policy has vitiated Indian society giving rise
to castist politics.
Syno- damage, impair, corrupt, debase, debauch,

demoralize, dushit karna, brasht karna
Vendetta (N.) - a feud between two families that arises from

the injury or killing of the member of one family by a member of
the other family, leading to long - lasting animosity and
retaliatory acts of revenge
TARUN.SIR
Example-
#there has been a bitter vendetta between the two families for
many years.
#he saw himself as the victim of a personal vendetta being
waged by his political enemies.
Syno- feud, blood feud, family feud, quarrel, argument,

wrangle, altercation, dispute, clash, fight, war, rivalry, conflict,
discord, enmity, bitterness, partishodd, badla
Hint- ven(when)+d(they)+ etta(attack)- when they attack each

other they are in vendeta
Vilify (V.) - to attack the reputation of a person or thing with

strong or abusive criticism
Example-
#he was vilified by the press as a monster.
#he has been vilified in the press.
#election is a period when politicians try to vilify the reputation
of others.
Syno- disparage, denigrate, defame, revile, berate, belittle,

abuse, insult, slight, attack, criticize, censure, condemn, decry,
denounce
Anto- commend, lionize
Hint- vilify opposite of glorify
Hint- vilify- to speak ill of

TARUN.SIR
Vintage (N.) (Adj.) - denoting something from the past of high
quality, especially something representing the best of its kind
Example-
#a vintage sherlock holmes adventure.
#a vintage comic book.
#a vintage plane.
#she loves buying vintage clothing.
Syno- high-quality, prime, choice, superior , best, classic, old,

antique
Example-
#denoting wine of high quality
#vintage French wine.
#or the year in which wine was
produced #what vintage is this wine?
Vindictive (Adj.) - a strong unreasoning desire for revenge -

revengeful
Example-
#the elephant is vindictive.
#a vindictive woman desperate for revenge.
#The lawyer's family is threatened by a former prisoner.
Syno- vengeful, unforgiving, resentful, pratishodhi
Anto- forgiving
Hint- vin(win) a person is always wanting to win, if he loses

he feels to seek revenge.
TARUN.SIR
Vandalism (N.) - intentional destruction of public property -
or property of others
Example-
#an act of mindless vandalism.
#the unruly crowd was dispersed by the police when it indulged
in vandalism.
Syno- hooliganism, malicious mischief
Vituperative (Adj.) - bitter or abusive spoken or written

attack - abusive criticism
Example-
#one of journalism's most vituperative critics.
#his vituperative remarks about novelist.
#it is a pity that modern politicians indulge in vituperative
criticism in election campaigns.
Warrant (V.) - justify or necessitate a course of action
Example-
#to make a particular activity necessary.
#the employees feel that industrial action is warranted.
#his impudent behavior towards the teacher was not at
all warranted.
#guarantee
#the vendor warrants the accuracy of the report.
TARUN.SIR
Wayward (Adj.) - difficult to control or predict because of
wilful or perverse behavior – capricious
Example-
#or resistance to guidance or discipline.
#a wayward adolescent.
#wayward children with a history of behavioural problems. #he
is fickle minded and is accused of way-ward disposition by her
friends.
Syno- fickle, capricious, changeable, obstinate,

perverse, manmoji
Anto- well- behaved, docile
Wane (V.) - to become weaker in strength or influence
Example-
#by the late 70's the band's popularity was beginning to wane.
#the popularity of the congress party is certainly on the wane.
#interest in the subject waned.
#my joy is waning.
Syno- disappear, decrease, diminish, dwindle, shrink, subside,

decline
Hint- wane opposite of gain
Wilful (Adj.) - intentional, deliberate
Example-
#wilful acts of damage.
#wilful neglect of the environment has caused this problem.
TARUN.SIR
Syno- intended, purposeful, knowing, calculated, knowing
#having or showing a stubborn and determined intention to do as

one wants, regardless of the consequences #she developed into
a wilful, difficult child.
#a spoilt and wilful teenager.
#the child is wilful and impervious to the advice of his parents.
Syno- headstrong, obstinate, stubborn,
Wan (Adj.) - pale looking and weak
Example-
#she looked wan and weak after long
illness #the wan dawn light.
Syno- pale, dim, faint, weak, feeble,
Waylay (V.) – rob - to wait for and then stop someone,

especially either to attack or talk to that person
Example-
#he waylaid me on the stairs.
#the ladies were waylaid when they were returning from picnic.
Syno- ambush, attack, rob, assail, wait in hiding to attack,

taak mein bethna
Wilt (V.) - to become weak and begin to bend towards the

ground - of a plant
TARUN.SIR
Example-
#cut flowers will soon wilt without water.
#plants wilting in the heat.
#the roses had begun to wilt.
Syno- droop, sag, flop, wither
Hint- wilt sounds like tilt
Wield (V.) - hold/handle and be able to use- too, power,

influence
Example-
#she was confronted by a man wielding a knife.
#he remains a chairman, but wields little power in the company.
#he still wields enormous influence in politics.
#wield power and authority
Syno- exercise, exert, maintain, have
Hint- wield sounds like shield- which is generally used

for protection, there for one need to handle it efficiently
Wreak (V.) - to cause something to happen - damage or

harm
Example-
#the recent storms have wreaked havoc on crops.
Syno- inflict, create, cause, vent

TARUN.SIR
Example-
#avenge someone - inflict vengeance
#she was determined to wreak revenge/vengeance on both
him and his family.
#he wreaked vengeance for the murder of his father.
Hint- wreck=wreak
Wrest (V.) - to violently pull or take something away from

someone
Example-
#he wrested the letter from my grasp.
#he wrested the book out of his hands.
Syno- wrench, snatch, seize, grab, take by force,
#to take possession of forcefully, seize, or usurp - wrested

the island from the settlers.
#wrested power from the monarchy.
Wangle (V.) - to obtain or achieve by cleverness or deceit,

especially in persuading them - manage by unfair means
Example-
#she wangled the job even though she had no training. #she
wangled out of a shit at work by pretending to be sick. #the
employees always try to wangle extra benefits from their
employees.
Syno- contrive, manipulate, arrange

TARUN.SIR
Hint- wrangler jeans- to girls are fighting to get a pair of last
piece of jeans.
Xenophobia (N.) - extreme dislike or prejudice against people

from other countries and their customs and religions etc
Example-
#racism and xenophobia are steadily growing in Europe.
#a wave of xenophobia.
#the whites are obsessed with xenophobia and are afraid
of losing hegemony.
Syno- racism
Hint-

Vocabulary (Tarun Grover) 1

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Amass (V.) - to collect or gather - to get a large amount of

Syno- assemble, accumulate

Acrimonious (Adj.) - full of anger, arguments and bad feeling

Anomaly (N.) - irregularity - something that deviates from what

Syno- abnormality, irregularity, inconsistency, incongruity,

Hint- anomaly- abnormality

Aptitude (N.) - a natural ability, or skill

Syno- talent, fitness, gift, skill, ability

Alimony (N.) - payment to divorced wife

Syno- maintenance, support, provision

Hint- Ali+mony= all I need is money, not my husband.

Atone (V.) - make amends for, reparation - to do something

Ambiguous (Adj.) - expressing more than one possible

Syno- equivocal, ambivalent

Abjure (V.) - publicly renounce or give up - a belief, cause,

I adjure you to tell me the truth.

Hint- ad+ jure= jury always commands

Syno- state or proclaim

Acme (N.) - the highest level attainable

Syno- top, apex, pinnacle

Hint- Like acne- highest point on skin (pimple)

Analogy (N.) - drawing a comparison in order to show some

Appraise (V.) - to assess or judge the quality or value of

Syno- assess, estimate, evaluate, judge, rate, review.

set a price on, value, price

Hint- ap+praise= price= estimate the value of sth.

Adage (N.) - a wise saying, proverb

Hint- ad+age = generally old people tell us the proverbt

Adversity (N.) - a difficult or unpleasant situation

Syno- misfortune, difficulty, hardship, distress, affliction, poverty.

Absolve (V.) - declare someone free from guilt, punishment

Syno- exonerate, vindicate, acquit, exculpate, discharge.

Abscond (V.) - hide, run away secretly - to go away suddenly

Syno- escape, flee

Hint- ab + scond = absent in a second. When you are absent in a

Affray (N.) - a group fight in a public place

Hint- affray - afra tafri mach gayi, matlab ladai ho gayi.

Hint- brawl- bawaal ho gya, matlab ladai ho gayi.

Annihilate (V.) - to destroy something completely so

Syno- kill destroy, obliterate.

Hint- annihilate- eliminate- you destroy completely.

Obliterate- destroy utterly, wipe out.

Hint- obliterate- ol+b+literate = destroy illiteracy completely.

Syno- amiable, friendly, genial, congenial, pleasing, cordial.

Hint- affable= sociable- lovable- laughable

Amalgamate (V.) - to combine or unite to form one

Syno- combine, merge, unite, integrate, fuse, consolidate, mingle

Hint- a+male+game+mate= game in which male partners will

Apprise (V.) - inform or to tell someone

Syno- inform, notify, tell, make aware.

Hint- one who will inform will get prize.

Syno- laborious, strenuous, vigorous, back-breaking, stiff,

Hint- arduous= hard to do for us

Apprehend (V.) - arrest someone for a crime

Syno- arrest, catch, capture, seize

Hint- up your hands said the FBI

to understand something or perceive

Syno- comprehend= apprehend, realize, perceive, realize, grasp

Hint- Ameli= imli, imli improves the taste of the food

Hint- because of his Honesty he got amnesty

Ancillary (Adj.) - providing support or help- to the primary

Syno- auxiliary = ancillary, supplementary, accessory