By Prof M C Deshmukh

STATICS
Chapter1 System of coplanar forces (10-15 marks)
Force (F) :-The external agency which tends to change the
state of the body is known as force
Unit of force:- N or KN 1KN = 1000 N

Charasteristics of force :- Y axis F

• Magnitude
•Point of application X axis
•Line of action
•Direction
 By Prof M C Deshmukh

Types of force system F1

1 Coplanar forces :- Forces lies in

F2
the same plane called coplanar forces F3

Line of action
2 Collinear forces :- Line of action of
all forces lies in the same straight line F1 F2 F3
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH

F3 F1
3 Concurrent forces :- Line of
action of all forces meet at a point o

called concurrent forces

F2
F4
4 Parallel forces :- Line of action
of all forces are parallel to each
other called parallel forces
 By Prof M C Deshmukh

Resolution of force:-
Splitting the force into components
F
without changing its effect on the
Fy
body called resolution 
Fx

Where,
Fx = horizontal component of
Force F along x axis
Fy = vertical component of
Force F along y axis
 By Prof M C Deshmukh

Resultant (R) :-A single force which replaces the

system of forces acting on a body called resultant

10N
20N R=70N BOX
40N
 By Prof M C Deshmukh

(A) Resultant of Non concurrent force system

1) σ Fx = F1 cosθ1 + F2 cosθ2 + F3 cosθ3

2) σ Fy = F1 sinθ1 − F2 sinθ2 + F3 sinθ3

2 2

3) R= ෍ 𝐹𝑥 + ෍ 𝐹𝑦
∑Fx=Sum of x components of
all forces along x axis

∑Fy=Sum of y components of
all forces along y axis
SN Components R lies in quadrant position

∑Fx = +
1
∑Fy = +
I

∑Fx = -
2
∑Fy = +
II

∑Fx = -
3
∑Fy = -
III

∑Fx = +
4
∑Fy = -
IV
 Examples By Prof M C Deshmukh
F1SIN1 50SIN30 =25N
1
F1
50 N

1 F1COS1
300
50COS30=43.3N

2
40COS60=20N
F1COS1 60
1

40SIN60=34.64N 40N
F1
F1SIN1
 By Prof M C Deshmukh
75sin45
75N 600cos60 7
5 •B
45 60
•A
75cos45

600N
400sin30
400N 600sin60
6

30
400cos30 •A
•C
 By Prof M C Deshmukh
50N

3
3 𝜃
4
4

3
50sin36.86 tan 𝜃 =
4
3
50N 𝜃= tan−1
4
𝜃 = 36.860

3
36.860
4
50cos36.86
 By Prof M C Deshmukh
Moment of force(M) = A turning effect produced by a force
about a point called moment of force It is given by M
F
MA= F X d
A B
d
Where M= moment of force about A
F = applied force
d= perpendicular distance from moment centre A

Unit of moment Nm, KNm etc

Types of moment
1) Clockwise moment -ve

1) Anticlockwise moment +ve

 By Prof M C Deshmukh

Couple C : Two equal unlike parallel forces

forming a couple
F
It is given by C
C=FXd d
Unit if couple Nm or KNm
F

Types of couple

1 Clockwise couple -ve

2 Anticlockwise couple +ve
 By Prof M C Deshmukh

Varignon’s Theorem :- The algebraic sum of the moment

of the forces about any point in the plane is equal to the
moment of the resultant force about the same point

෍ MA = R × d

σ MA
d=
R

This theorem is used to find the location of resultant d

 Prof M C Deshmukh
(B) Resultant of Non concurrent force system
F1 F2
Step 1 Find ∑FX =
Step 2 Find ∑FX = 
B
Step 3 2 2
C C
R= ෍ 𝐹𝑥 + ෍ 𝐹𝑦

Step 4 σ 𝐹𝑦
𝜃 = tan−1
σ 𝐹𝑥 3m

Step 5 ∑MA =

σ 𝑀𝐴 A 2m
Step 6 x= 2m D
σ 𝐹𝑦
F3
σ 𝑀𝐴
𝑦=
σ 𝐹𝑥
Step 7 σ 𝑀𝐴 F4
d=
𝑅

Step 8
 By Prof M C Deshmukh
(C) Resultant of parallel force system
Step 1 Find ∑FX =
Step 2 Find ∑Fy = R
50 N 25 N 30 N 10
2 2

Step 3 R= ෍ 𝐹𝑥 + ෍ 𝐹𝑦

Step 4 ∑MA =
A B
Step 5 x=
σ 𝑀𝐴 3m 4m 2m
σ 𝐹𝑦

σ 𝑀𝐴
Step 6 𝑦=
σ 𝐹𝑥 x
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH

Chapter 2 Equilibrium of system of coplanar forces

Equilibrium - If the resultant force and resultant
couple acting on a body is zero then the body is said
to be Equilibrium
Condition of Equilibrium
1 Fx = 0
2 Fy = 0
3 M = 0
(B) For Non Concurrent Force
(A) For Concurrent Force System
System
1 Fx = 0
1 Fx = 0
2 Fy = 0
2 Fy = 0
3 M = 0
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH
Reaction (R) – Force exerted by surface on the block
W=mg
Normal Reaction (R) -
m= mass in Kg
g=9.81m/sec2
W=10x9.81-98.1 N W

Cylinder
BOX 10 Kg

R R
surface
External Forces
Weight of the body W
Normal Reaction R P P

Applied Force P T T

Internal Forces
1 Tensile Forces – (T ) The arrow for tensile is always
taken away from the body
Examples :Wire, chain, thread, string, cable,rope etc

2 Compressive Force (C) The arrow for Compressive is

always taken towards the body
Examples : bar, member, etc
Free Body Diagram FBD –A simple diagram which
shows all necessary details which are required for
solving the problems

Wire
Weight W P

T P

FBD of Box R Prof. M C DESHMUKH

 Prof. M C DESHMUKH
Point to remember when drawing FBD
1 Make a body free from all support
2 Show all external forces acting on the body
3 show all necessary dimensions
4 Name the known & unknowns parameters R ,W, N,T etc
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH

Lami’s Theorem :- If three concurrent coplanar forces are

acting at a point are in equilibrium, then each force is
proportional to the sine of angle between the other
two forces
𝑃 𝑄 𝑊
P Q = =
 sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽 sin 𝛾
𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 = 3600




W
Limitations of Lami’s Theorem
1 It is used only three forces acting at a common point
2 All forces are similar in nature
 Fx=0 FY=0 M=0 Condition for NON CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM

TYPES OF SUPPORTS

1 HINGE SUPPORT:-A hinge allows free rotation of the body but does not allow
the body to have linear motion. The body having have a hinge support at A
has horizontal component HA and vertical component VA

A
HA B

VA
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH
2 ROLLER SUPPORT:-A roller support is free to roll on a surface on which it rest.
If offers a reaction in a direction normal to the surface on which the roller supported.
The roller support has only one reaction normal to the surface.

oooo


RA RA
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH
3 FIXED SUPPORT:-A fixed support neither allows any linear motion nor
allows any rotation.A beam fixed at A has horizontal component HA
and vertical component VA And moment reaction MA

MA

HA B
A

VA
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH
TYPES OF LOADS

1 POINT LOAD:- a load is concentrated at a point

100N
100 N 200 N 100N

A
B

BEAM :- A straight horizontal bar which carries vertical or

inclined loads
COLUMN
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH
2 UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD udl :- In this loading the load of uniform

intensity is spread over a length UDL can be converted into point load
by multiplying the load intensity with the length.
The point load act at the centre of the length.
20 N/m
10 N/m

A B A B

L= 6m L= 4m

W=10X6=60 N W=20X4=80 N

A B A B

L/2 L/2 L/2 L/2

3m 3m 2m 2m
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH
3 UNIFORMLY VARYING LOAD uvl :- In this loading, the load of uniformly

varying intensity u.v.l.is spread over a length. UVL can be converted

into point load .The point load act at the centroid of the triangle and
1/3L from B or 2/3L from A
TRIANGULAR LOAD
20 N/m

A B

L=6m W=(1/2)X6X20=60N
W=0.5X20X6=60 N W=0.5X20X6=60 N

A
B B
1/3 L
2/3 L 1/3 L 2/3 L
4m 2m 2m 4m
 Engineering Mechanics Prof. M C DESHMUKH

Centre of Gravity :-It is a point where the whole

weight of the body is assumed to act It is denoted by G

Centroid :-It is a geometrical centre of a plane figure

It is denoted by G
Ex Rectangle , triangle, circle etc.
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH
Y axis 1
Area a = b × d

𝑏
ഥ
𝑿 G ത
𝑋=
d 2
ഥ
𝒀
𝑑
X axis ത
𝑌=
b 2

2 Triangle 1
Area a = 𝑏 × ℎ
2
h 𝑏
ഥ𝑿
𝑿 ഥ
GG ത
𝑋=
ഥ
3
𝒀
ഥ
𝒀
ℎ
X axis ത
𝑌=
b 3
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH
3
Y axis 𝜋𝑟 2
Area a =
2

G ത r
𝑋=
r
ഥ
𝒀 4𝑟
X axis ത
𝑌=
O ഥ
3𝜋
𝑿

Y axis
𝜋𝑟 2
Area a =
r 2

G 4𝑟
ത
𝑋=
ഥ
𝑿 3𝜋
ഥ
𝒀
ത r
𝑌=
X axis
O
 Y axis 4 Quarter circle Prof. M C DESHMUKH
𝜋𝑟 2
Area a =
4

4𝑟
ത
𝑋=
ഥ
𝑿 G 3𝜋
ഥ
𝒀 4𝑟
X axis ത
𝑌=
O 3𝜋

5 circle
Area a = 𝜋𝑟 2
Y axis

ഥ
𝑿 G ത r
𝑋=
ഥ
𝒀
X axis ത r
𝑌=
O
 Centroid of composite shape Prof. M C DESHMUKH
𝑎1 , 𝑎2
Y axis

1
X2 𝑥1 , 𝑥2
2
G1
G2
X1
G 𝑦1 , 𝑦2
𝑋
Y1
Y2
𝑌

X axis
O
𝑎1 𝑥1 + 𝑎2 𝑥2 σ 𝑎𝑖 𝑥𝑖
𝑋= 𝑋=
𝑎1 + 𝑎2 σ 𝑎𝑖

𝑎1 𝑦1 + 𝑎2 𝑦2 σ 𝑎𝑖 𝑦𝑖
𝑌= 𝑌=
𝑎1 + 𝑎2 σ 𝑎𝑖
 What is Friction? Prof. M C DESHMUKH

Friction : If two bodies are in contact with each other

which moves over the other,the resistance to motion is set up,this
Resistance is called friction

Types of friction
Static Friction: Friction
experienced by a body at rest
called static friction

Kinetic friction: Friction

experienced by a body in
motion called kinetic friction
Limiting friction Fmax : The maximum value of frictional force along
the common surface of contact when the body is just on the point of
motion is called limiting friction W

Fmax 𝐹max
𝐹max
𝐹max
𝜇=
𝑁
N
Fmax = μ N

Prof. M C DESHMUKH
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH
Coefficient of friction μ : The ratio of limiting W
friction to normal reaction at the surface of contact.
𝐹max Where ,
𝐹max P
𝐹max μ=coefficient of friction
𝜇=
𝑁
μs=coefficient of static friction
Fmax
μk=coefficient of kinetic friction

Angle of friction  : The angle made by resultant N R
reaction with normal reaction is called angle of
friction.
𝐹max
tan 𝜑 =  R
𝑁 N
𝜇𝑁
tan 𝜑 =
𝑁
tan 𝜑 = 𝜇
Fmax
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH
Angle of repose  : The angle made by inclined plane with horizontal
plane at which the body placed on an inclined plane is just on the
point of moving down the plane under the action of its own weight.

Here
N = Wcos 
Fmax = wsin 

 μN = Wsin 
μWcos  = Wsin 
N μ = tan 
W
tan = tan 
=
 W

F
Magnitude of frictional force f

No Motion In Motion
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH

Laws of friction : (Coulomb Friction)

1 Frictional force always acts in opposite direction of motion. it acts
tangential to the common surface of contact
2 Coefficient of static friction is always greater than coefficient if
kinetic friction μ s μ k
3 Frictional Force depends on roughness of the surface
4 Frictional force is independent of area of contact
5 For moderate speed frictional force is constant and decreases as
The speed increases
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH
A: Block Friction
Q1 A 1500 N block is kept on rough surface as shown. determine the force P for
just impend. Take μs = 0.3
P

30
1500 N

Psin30
1500 N
soln

30
Pcos30

Fmax= μN=0.3N1

N1
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH
DYNAMICS
Rectilinear motion = motion of the particle along the straight line path
Kinematics equations
𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡
𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠
1 2
𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡
2
𝑢 = 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑖𝑛 𝑚/𝑠
𝑣 = 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑖𝑛 𝑚/𝑠
𝑎 = 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡 = 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑠 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑚

1000 5
1𝐾𝑚𝑝ℎ = = 𝑚Τ𝑠
60 × 60 18
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH
Projectile motion:- A stone is thrown in any direction other than
vertical It travels along a path which is parabolic in nature this
motion is a projectile motion and path traced out by projectile in the
space is called trajectory.
C
Trajectory
Point of projection u
hmax Point of strike


A R B

u = velocity of projection
 = angle of projection angle of elevation
hmax= maximum height attained by the particle
R= Range or maximum horizontal distance travelled
t= time of flight
 C
Trajectory Prof. M C DESHMUKH
Point of projection u
hmax
 Point of strike

A R B

2𝑢 sin 𝜃
t= time of flight 𝑡=
𝑔
𝑢 sin2 𝜃
2
hmax= maximum height ℎ
2𝑔 max
attained by the particle
𝑢2 sin 2 𝜃
𝑅=
𝑔
R= Range
 Horizontal motion Prof. M C DESHMUKH
g=0 for horizontal
Equation of path of projectile motion
1
𝑆𝑥 = 𝑢𝑥 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 2
2
𝑥 = 𝑢 cos 𝜃 𝑡
𝑥
𝑡= −−− −(1)
𝑢 cos 𝜃
1 2
𝑆𝑦 = 𝑢𝑦 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡
2
𝑥 1 𝑥 2
𝑦 = 𝑢 sin 𝜃 − 𝑔
B( x,y) 𝑢 cos 𝜃 2 𝑢 cos 𝜃
𝑔𝑥 2
u
𝑦 = 𝑥 tan 𝜃 − 2
uY 2𝑢 cos2 𝜃

Y

This is the equation of path of projectile
A X
uX
𝐴 = tan 𝜃
𝑔
𝐵= 2
ux=ucos  2𝑢 cos2 𝜃
𝑌 = 𝐴𝑥 − 𝐵𝑥 2
uy=usin 
This is the equation of parabola
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH
Motion curves/diagram :-
The motion of a particle is defined by the curve/diagram
1 acceleration-time (a-t) curve
2 Velocity-time (v-t) curve
3 Displacement-time (x-t) curve
It is convenient to use the graphical solution for problems involving
rectilinear motion of a particle. The graphical solution mostly
involves a-t,v-t and x-t curves

V a=0 V
a=+ve
a= - ve

U=0
0 t1 t2 t3
 𝑑𝑣 Prof. M C DESHMUKH
𝑎=
1 acceleration-time (a-t) curve 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑎𝑑𝑡
𝑣2 𝑡2

න 𝑑𝑣 = න 𝑎𝑑𝑡
𝑣1 𝑡1
𝑡2
a=(t)
𝑣2 − 𝑣1 = න 𝑎𝑑𝑡
𝑡1
𝑣2 − 𝑣1 =
𝑡2
a
න 𝑎𝑑𝑡 =
𝑡1
Change in velocity
dt
Area under a-t curve

The area under the a-t curve between two time intervals t1 to t2 gives us the
velocity of the object between that intervals.
For a uniform acceleration, the curve is a straight line parallel to the time axis
 2 velocity-time (v-t) curve 𝑑𝑥
𝑣=
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑣𝑑𝑡
𝑥2 𝑡2

න 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑣𝑑𝑡
v=(t) 𝑥1 𝑡1
t2
x2 − x1 = න vdt
t1
x2 − x1 =
t2

න vdt = Distance travelled

t1

Area under v-t curve

The area under the v-t curve between two time intervals t1 to t2 gives us the
distance travelled between that intervals.
The slope of a tangent at any point gives the acceleration at that time.
a a Prof. M C DESHMUKH
a-t a-t a a-t a a-t

St line

a=0
t t t t
v v-t v v v
v-t v-t v-t
parabolic
parabolic
Constant velocity

t t t t
x x x x x-t
x-t x-t x-t
cubic
cubic
parabolic

t t t t
 v-t v v-t
v parabolic
parabolic
B

B
A t
t
A

1 2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = × 𝐴 × 𝐵 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = × 𝐴 × 𝐵
3 3

t2
𝑡2
x2 − x1 = න vdt
𝑣2 − 𝑣1 = න 𝑎𝑑𝑡
t1
𝑡1
 a Prof. M C DESHMUKH
10 𝑡1

𝑣2 − 𝑣1 = න 𝑎𝑑𝑡
𝑡2
1
𝑣15 − 𝑣0 = × 15 × 10
t 2
0 15 30 𝑣15 − 0 = 75
𝑣15 = 75 𝑚Τ𝑠
1
𝑣30 − 𝑣15 = × 15 × 10
2
𝑣30 − 75 = 75
v 𝑣30 = 150 𝑚Τ𝑠
150

parabolic
75
parabolic

0 15 30 t
 v Prof. M C DESHMUKH
𝑡2

150 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 = න 𝑣𝑑𝑡
75 𝑡1
parabolic 1
𝑥15 − 𝑥0 = × 15 × 75
75 3
parabolic 𝑥15 − 0 = 375
75 𝑥15 = 375𝑚
15 2
t 𝑥30 − 𝑥15 = 15 × 75 + × 15 × 75
0 15 30 3
𝑥30 − 375 = 1875
𝑥30 = 2250𝑚

2250
cubic

375
cubic
t
0 15 30
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH
Curvilinear motion :-
The motion of an patricle moving in a curved path is called
curvilinear motion.
Example: A stone thrown into the air at an angle.
Curvilinear motion describes the motion of a moving particle that
conforms to a known or fixed curve.
Y
Tangential and Normal component of acceleration
o 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒
Y=f(x) 𝑑𝑦
tan 𝜃 = 𝑦=𝑓 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 3
a 𝑣2 𝑑𝑦 2 2
at 𝑎𝑛 = 1+
𝑑𝑥
𝑅
R an 𝑑𝑣 𝑅=
𝑎𝑡 = 𝑑2 𝑦
 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 2
𝑎
dy
 = 𝑎𝑡 2 + 𝑎𝑛 2
𝑑𝑦
dx tan 𝜃 =
P(x,y) 𝑑𝑥
𝑎𝑛
tan 𝛽 =
0 X 𝑎𝑡
Where ,
an=Normal comp of acceleration
at=Tangetial comp of acceleration
Total angle of acceleration = 
R= radius of curvature
When velocity is constant at=0
V=velocity of a particle
Rate of change of velocity is at
a= total acceleration
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH
Kinematics of Rigid Body (8-10 marks) 9820472160

In this topic we analyze the motion of rigid body without

considering the effect of Force responsible for motion We
consider only geometrical dimension i.e Length or diameter etc

There are various types of rigid body motion here we consider

few types as under
Types of rigid body motion
1 Translation
2 Rotation
3 General plane motion
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH
1 Translation :- the motion of all particles forming a rigid body travel along parallel
Lines of path
a Rectilinear translation :- In this type all particles travels along straight parallel path
Ex Motion of train, Lift
b Curvilinear translation :- In this type all particles travels along curved parallel path
Ex motion of car along curved path,
Path of A
Path of A

.A . A’
.A
.A’

.B
. B’ .B
. B’
Path of B

Path of B
Rectilinear translation Curvilinear translation
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH
2 Rotation :- In this motion all particles forming a rigid body travel along
circular path Of different radius around the common radius

1 revolution = 2 rad = 3600

A
1 rpm = 2/60 rad/sec
A’

B  = 2 N/60
B’

V = r
r r V = Linear velocity m/sec
= angular velocity rad/s
r = distance from centre
of rotation
 N=rpm
I
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH
3 General Plane motion :- Translation and rotation about fixed axis
Motion are plane motion .A wheel Rolls without slipping over horizontal surface

A A
A1 A1 
A’ A’
V
B = B B’
+
B’ B’

General Plane motion = Translation + Rotation

 Prof. M C DESHMUKH

Instantaneous centre of rotation ICR or I :- It is a point about which all the

points on the link appears to rotate at that instant This imaginary point is called
instantaneous centre of rotation


I
rA
VA=rA 

VA VB=rB 

Where
A rA =I = Distance from centre of
rB rotation at the instant
VB

VA=IA 
B
VB=IB 
Ladder Prof. M C DESHMUKH

Ex 1 A ladder AB=6m rest against a vertical wall as shown If end B is pulled

rightward with a velocity of 4m/s Find
1 ICR
2 Angular velocity of Ladder AB
3 Velocity of end A of ladder VA

6m

30
VB=4m/s

B
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH

In triangle IAB
I
A
30
AB 𝐼𝐴 = 6 cos 3 0 = 5.19𝑚
6m 𝐼𝐵 = 6 sin 3 0 = 3𝑚
𝑉𝐵 = 𝐼𝐵 × 𝜔𝐴𝐵
VA
4 = 3 × 𝜔𝐴𝐵
𝜔𝐴𝐵 = 1.33𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
𝑉𝐴 = 𝐼𝐴 × 𝜔𝐴𝐵
30 𝑉𝐴 = 5.19 × 1.33
VB=4m/s 𝑉𝐴 = 6.92𝑚/𝑠
B

V=r
 Direction of motion
Kinetics of Particle-I a
F m ----(ma)
Newton’s second law of Motion F=ma

D’Alembert Principle : The inertia force (-ma) added to the forces acting on the
Particle In opposite direction of motion keeping the particle in the state of
dynamic equilibrium This is called D’Alembert Principle of Dynamic equilibrium

F=ma

F +(-ma)=0 Where F = applied force

F =0 - ma = Inertia force
For Rectilinear Motion
FX =0
FX =0 & FY = 0 are the condition of Prof M C Deshmukh
FY =0 ACPCE Kharghar
Dynamics Equilibrium
9820472160
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH

Working rules of D’Alembert principle

1 Draw FBD of each particle separately showing all the forces acting on it.

2 Decide the direction of acceleration from the geometry of the particle

3 Apply the D’Alembert force(Inertia force ma) in opposite direction to

create Dynamic equilibrium

4 Apply condition of dynamic equilibrium

FX =0

Fy =0

5 For connected bodies find the relation of acceleration between the bodie s
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH
Kinetics of Particle-II
𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑎 𝑏𝑜𝑑𝑦 𝑏𝑦 𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ

𝐾𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑎 𝑏𝑜𝑑𝑦 𝑏𝑦 𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

1
𝐾𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 = 𝑚𝑣2
2

𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑋 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑊𝐷 = 𝐹 𝑋 𝑑𝑠
𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 = 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑠 𝑜𝑟 𝑁𝑚

1
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝑘(𝑥12 − 𝑥22 )
2
Where K = Spring constant in N/m
x = deformation of spring in m
 Prof. M C DESHMUKH

Kinetics of Particle-III
𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝒎𝟏 𝒖𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐 𝒖𝟐 = 𝒎𝟏 𝒗𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐 𝒗𝟐
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑚1 𝑚2 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠
𝑢1 𝑢2 = 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑣1 𝑣2 = 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝐴𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑪𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒆 = 𝐼𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑐ℎ

𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝒆=
𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑐ℎ

𝒗𝟐 − 𝒗𝟏 𝑣
𝒆= 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑒 =
𝑢
𝒖𝟏 − 𝒖𝟐
For nth bounces
1
𝑒 = 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑙𝑦 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 ℎ2 2𝑛
𝑒 = 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑙𝑦 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒=
ℎ1