REPORT

LAB 1

PART I. HALF-WAVE RECTIFIER

1.

In this lab we use Ltspice instead of Proteus. So the result represented by oscilloscope in Proteus will be replace by the
running command which is displayed by the graph in Ltspice.

The circuit and result of problem 1 is represented. The aim of this problem is to measure Vin(ac) and Vout. The right
hand side picture show the result of Vin (the blue curve) and Vout( the green curve). There are 2 differences between
these two curves.

First, the green curve only go half of its period while the blue one go with the entire period. This is because the impact
of the diode(D1) on allowed one-direction current or voltage( only positive or negatie) go through and this happen
even when the amplitude of the AC source has negative value as the figures below.

Second, if we consider the two peaks of the green curve is one period (T), then at the instant half of period (T/2) there
is a linear state where the output doesn’t fall down as normal. Instead, it have a slight drop since at this time period,
the circuit become open as the AC source(Vin) and the output voltage change its role. At this time, the diode become a
resistor and still allow a small leakage current pass through it. As we have known, this is a basic property of a diode in
cut-off region.

Now the circuit is implemented a 1μ capacitor(C1) parallel with the resistor (C1). One basic function of the capacitor is
that it store and release energy. As the representation of figure above, at T/2 the RC component is releasing the energy
and cause the output voltage to lag the Vin a relatively frequency as well as diminish to 0. At T, the RC component has
released all the energy for the half-wave rectifier, then it is time for this component store energy again and ready for
the next half-wave cycle. Moreover, the slope at T is not actually continuous, this can be explained that the transient of
capacitor doesn’t allow the voltage to change instantaneously.

Next the capacitor’s value will change from 1μ to 100μ, 1000μ. This leads to various behaviour of the circuit and can be
obtained by the graphs below.
100μ:

1000μ:
Based on the result collected, we see that the lerger value the capactior, the longer it takes to store and realease
energy. As a consequence, this lead to a delay frequency between Vin and Vout.

3
0.1μ (10x smaller):
10μ (10x larger):

Compare the result of 1μ with the 10x smaller (0.1μ) and 10x larger(10μ), The 10x smaller with smaller
capacitance store and release energy immediately, therefore, there is little delay frequency between Vin and
Vout. The 10x larger, in contrast, with larger capacitance, take longer time to store and release energy, as it
cause a visible delay between Vin and Vout.
4.