2 ¤ DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

2 + 3 +2
5. (a) = ( + 1)( +  +2
=−2
2 − −2 2)
( + 1)( −
2)
22 −  − 1  +3
(b) (2 + 1)( − 1)  + 3 −1
· = · =
2 − 9 2 + 1 ( − 3)( + 3) 2 +1  − 3
2  +1 2  +1 2  +1 − 2 − ( + 1)( − 2)
(c) 2
− = − = − · = ( − 2)( + 2)
2 − 4 ( − 2)( + 2)
 +2  + 2 ( − 2)( + 2)  +2  − 2
2 − (2 −  − = +2 1
2) ( + 2)( − = −2
= ( + 2)( −
2) 2)
 
−  − 
    2 − 2 (  − ) (  + +
 )

=
− = −( − ) =
−1 ·  =
(d) 1 1 = −( + )
1 −
   −1
√ √ √ √

10 √ 5+2 √50 + 2 5 2+2
√ √ √
10 10 10
6. (a) √ =√ ·√ = = = 5 2 + 2 10
5−2 5−2 5+2 √ − 22 5−4
5
2
√ √ √
4+  − 2 4+  − 2
4+  + 2 4+  − 4  1
(b) = · √ = √  = √ =√
 
4+  + 2  4+  + 2  4+  + 2 4+  + 2
   2
7. (a) 2 +  +1 = 2 +  + 1 4+1 − 1 = 4  + 1 +2 3 4

(b) 22 − 12 + 11 = 2(2 − 6)+ 11 = 2(2 − 6 + 9 − 9) + 11 = 2(2 − 6 + 9) − 18 + 11 = 2( − 3)2 − 7

8. (a)  + 5 = 14 − 12 ⇔  + 1 2 = 14 − 5 ⇔ 3
2
 =9⇔=2·9
3
⇔=6

2 2 − 1 2 2 2
(b) =
⇒ 2 = (2 − 1)( + 1) ⇔ 2 = 2 +  − 1 ⇔  = 1
 +1 

(c) 2 −  − 12 = 0 ⇔ ( + 3)( − 4) = 0 ⇔  + 3 = 0 or  − 4 = 0 ⇔  = −3 or  = 4

(d) By the quadratic formula, 22 + 4 +1 = 0 ⇔

 −4 ± −4 ± 2 √ −2 ±
−4 ± 42 − 4(2)(1)  √
= =√ =√ = 2 −2 ± 2 =√ = −1 ±
1
2
2(2) 4 4 4 2
2
8 2  2

(e) 4 − 32 +2 = 0 ⇔ (2 − 1)(2 − 2) = 0 ⇔ 2 − 1 = 0 or 2 − 2 = 0 ⇔ 2 = 1 or 2 = 2 ⇔

√
 = ±1 or  = ± 2

(f ) 3 | − 4| = 10 ⇔ | − 4| = 10
3
⇔  − 4 = − 10 or  − 4 = 10 ⇔ = 2 or  = 22
3 3 3 3
√
(g) Multiplying through 2(4 − )−12 − 3 4 −  = 0 by (4 − )12 gives 2 − 3(4 − ) = 0 ⇔
2 − 12 + 3 = 0 ⇔ 5 − 12 = 0 ⇔ 5 = 12 ⇔  = 12. 5

9. (a) −4  5 − 3 ≤ 17 ⇔ −9  −3 ≤ 12 ⇔ 3  ≥ −4 or −4 ≤   3.
 In interval notation, the answer is [−4 3).

(b) 2  2 + 8 ⇔ 2 − 2 − 8  0 ⇔ ( + 2)( − 4)  0. Now, ( + 2)( − 4) will change sign at the

critical values  = −2 and  = 4. Thus the possible intervals of solution are (−∞ −2), (−2 4), and (4 ∞). By
choosing a single test value from each interval, we see that (−2 4) is the only interval that satisfies the inequality.

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