POINTERS | NOTE : YOU DON’T NEED TO MEMORIZE , YOU JUST NEED TO READ AND INTERNALIZE.

 Most of the sounds emanate from the surroundings both natural and man-made

MUSIC
JOHN CAGE
MUSIC OF THE 20TH CENTURY (1900-2000)  Known as one of the 20th century composers with the broadest array of sounds in his works
 The start of the 20th Century saw the rise distinct musical styles that reflected a move away from the conventions of  Born in Los Angeles, California, USA on September 5, 1912 and became one of the most original composers in
earlier western classical music the history of western music
 He challenged the idea of music by manipulating musical instruments in order to attain new sounds
 The new musical styles created by 20th century classical composers were truly distinct and innovative
ELECTRONIC MUSIC
 It is the ability of electronic machines such as synthesizers, amplifiers, tape recorders, and loudspeakers to produce  They experimented with the elements of the rhythm, melody, harmony, tempo and timbre in daring ways that
different sounds. were never attempted before.
 This was popularized by 20th Century composers like Edgar Varese, Karlheinz Stockhausen and Mario Davidovsky  Some even used electronic devices such as synthesizers, tape recorders, amplifiers and the like to introduce and
enhance sounds created by traditional instruments.
 He became notable for his work for his work THE FOUR MINTES AND 33 SECONDS (4’33’’)
Music that uses the tape recorder is called the tape recorder MUSIQUE CONCRETE OR CONCRETE MUSIC  COMPOSITION:
 WATER WALK
The composer records different sounds that are heard in the environment
These sounds are arranged by the composer in different ways like playing the tape recorder in its fastes mode or in reverse
ARTS
In music concrete , the composer is able to experiment with different sounds that cannot be produced by regular musical
instruments such as piano or the violin Elements of Art and Principles of Design
The first electronic devices for performing music were developed at the end of the 19 th century, and shortly afterwards, Italian
futurist explored sounds that had not been considered musical Design
 Indicates both the process of organizing visual elements and the product of that process.
Composers  It is a result of our basic need for meaningful order.
Edgard Varese
 Art and beauty can be expressed in many ways- in natural beauty of huge old trees or in the created beauty of a
 Born on December 22, 1883 in Paris, France
painting of those trees like in the work of Van Gogh “ Large Plane Trees”
 He was considered an INNOVATIVE FRENCH-BORN COMPOSER , however , he spent his life and career
mostly in the United States where he pioneered and created new sounds that bordered between music and noise
 Characterized by an emphasis on timbre and rhythm and organized sound certain timbres and rhythms can be grouped 6 Principles of Design
together in order to capture a whole new definition of sound
 Varese’s use of new instruments and electronic resources made him the “ FATHER OF ELECTRIC MUSIC  Unity and Variety
 He was dubbed as the STRATOSPHERIC COLOSSUS OF SOUND  Balance
 He died on November 6, 1965  Emphasis and Subordination
 Contrast
COMPOSITION  Scale and Proportions
Poeme electronique  Repetition and Rhythm

KARLHEINZ STOCKHAUSEN UNITY AND VARIETY

 A central figure in the realm of electronic music . Born in Cologne, Germany
 He had the opportunity to work with Messiaen, Schoenberg and Webern the principal innovators at the time
 Together with Pierre Boulez, Stockhausen drew inspiration from these composers as he developed his styles of total
serialism
 Stockhausen’s music was initially met with resistance due to its heavily atonal content with practically no clear
melodic or rhythmic sense.
 He continued to experiment with musique concrete. Stockhausen’s works total around 31.
 Unity refers to the appearance or condition of oneness of an artwork.
 All the elements such as line color, texture and others belong together that result in having a coherent and harmonious
whole. As variety provides diversity yet it acts as counterbalance to extreme unity
BALANCE
 Is the condition in which acting influences are held in check by opposing forces or what is in the left side should
appear on the right side also in order to achieve equilibrium. ( SYMMETRICAL AND ASYMMETRICAL)

COMPOSITION EMPHASIS AND SUBORDINATION

Studie II  To draw our attention to an area or areas, the artist uses emphasis. To create emphasis, position, contrast, color
intensity and size can ll be used. Neutral areas of lesser interest are created by artist through subordination to keep us
CHANCE MUSIC from being distracted from the areas of emphasis.
 Also known as ALEATORIC MUSIC – a style which the piece always sounds differently at every performance
because of the random techniques of production, including the use of ring modulators or natural elements that become CONTRAST
a part of music.
  The juxtaposition of strong dissimilar elements is called contrast. Dark set against the light, large against small, bright
colors against dull are examples of contrasts.
 Visual experience becomes monotonous without contrast.
 Contrast can be seen also in the thick and thin areas of a single brush strokes
COLOR
 Is a component of light that affects us directly by modifying our thoughts, moods, actions and even our health.
 Color exists only in light, but light itself seems colorless to the human eye.
 The so called COLOR is the effect on our eyes of light waves of differing wavelengths or frequencies.

REPETITION AND RHYTHM TEXTURE

 The repetition of visual elements gives a composition of unity , continuity, flow and emphasis.
 Rhythm in the visual art is created through the regular recurrence of elements with related variation.
SCALE AND PROPORTION
 Is the relation of one thing to another.
 One of the first decisions are artist makes when planning a work of art.
 Proportion is the size relationship of parts to a whole
ELEMENTS OF ARTS
 The elements of the visual arts as a kind of “ basic language” with which the artisit’s work
 Qualities of surfaces or the visual representation of those qualities is referred to as texture in visual art.
 Actual textures are those we can feel by touching.
 Simulated textures are those created to look like something other than plain or flat surface.
 Painters simulate texture , while sculptors and architects make use of actual texture.
PERSPECTIVE
 Is a point of view
 Refers to any means of representing three dimensional objects in space on two dimensional surface
 A system designed to depict the way objects in spaces appear to the eye.
 In linear perspective objects appear smallest at a distance because parallel lines appear to converge as the recede into
the distance and the last meeting lines on the horizon is called VANISHING POINT

7 Elements of Art
20th Century Art Styles
IMPRESSIONISM
 LINE
 In Languages, it is defined as: an idea, feeling, or opinion about something or someone, especially one formed
 SPACE without conscious thought or on the basis of little evidence.
 SHAPE  “From the outside to the inside”
 VALUE  How things are perceived by the viewer/receiver.
 COLOR
 TEXTURE
 PERSPECTIVE
EXPRESSIONISM
LINE  In Languages, it is defined as: The process of making known one's thoughts or feelings
 Basic means for recording and symbolizing ideas, observations and feelings.  “From the inside to the outside”
 It is primary means of visual communication.  How emotions are pronounced by the creator/artist.
 Lines always have direction and they are always active

CHARACTERISTIC OF IMPRESSIONISM
SHAPE a 19th-century art movement characterized by:
 Refers to the expanse within the outline of two-dimensional area or within the outer boundaries of three-dimensional q relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes,
object. q open composition
 It may be geometric which tends to be precise or regular ( circles, triangles, squares) or organic which are irregular q emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the
often curving or rounded and seen relaxed and more informal. The most common shapes in human-made world are passage of time)
geometric while most of shapes in nature are organic. q ordinary subject matter
q unusual visual angles
 Mass is a physical bulk of a solid body material and it has three-dimensional area
q inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience.
SPACE
CHARACTERISTIC OF EXPRESSIONISM
 It is the indefinable , general receptacle of all things. It is continuous, infinite and ever present
a 19th-century artistic style in which the artist seeks to depict not objective reality but rather the subjective emotions and
 The Visual arts sometimes referred to spatial arts because most of the art forms are organized in space. responses that objects and events arouse within a person.

EXPRESSIONISM ART STYLE

VALUE FAUVISM
 Refers to the lightness and darkness of a surface.  Fauvism was known for bold, vibrant, almost acidic colors used in unusual juxtaposition, and an intuitive, highly
 It ranges from white to various grays to black. gestural application of paint.
 It can be a property of color or element independent color.  The artists of Fauvism were experimenting with the ways in which color could be liberated from subject matter.
CUBISM
 a style of painting in which the subject matter is presented as geometric forms shown from multiple simultaneous
vantage points.
FUTURISM
 artistic movement centered that emphasized the dynamism, speed, energy, and power of the machine and the vitality,
change, and restlessness of modern life.
DADAISM
 An art style that mocked and antagonized the conventions of art itself, emphasizing the illogical, irrational, and
absurd (anti-art movement).
 Dadaist artists often utilized collage, montage, and assemblage of disparate elements to create their art.
SURREALISM
 “Art style that captures the imagination”
 an artistic cultural movement that portrays a wide array of themes of imagination, choices of colors, and various art
techniques
NEO PRIMITIVISM
 An art style where aspects of 'primitive' Russian artistic heritage were combined with the styles of European avant-
garde movement. Neo-primitivist art include the use of bold colors, original designs, and expressiveness.
SOCIAL REALISM
 An art movement that expressed the artist’s role in social reform characterized by the artwork's adherence to reality,
avoidance romantic embellishments, and creation of candid portraits that expose human flaws
ABSTRACT
 a non-representational, often large-scale artwork done on canvases featuring bold brushstrokes, drips, and splatters
that prioritizes the expression of emotion and energy through abstract forms
POP ART
 inspired by commercial and popular culture, a diverse response to the postwar era’s commodity-driven values, often
using commonplace objects (such as comic strips, soup cans, road signs, and hamburgers) as subject matter or as part
of the work
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
EAITING HABITS
Several factors can influence eating habits. Here are some key factors.
Cultural and Social Influence
 Culture and social norms play a significant role in shaping eating habits. Food choices, eating patterns, and mealtime
practices are often influenced by cultural traditions, customs, and social conventions. For example, certain cultures
have specific dietary preferences, food taboos, or traditional ways of preparing and consuming meals
Personal Preferences and Taste Preferences
 Individual preferences and taste preferences influence eating habits. People tend to choose foods they enjoy and find
appealing. Taste preferences can be shaped by personal experiences, upbringing, and exposure to different flavors and
cuisines.
Availability and Accessibility of Food
 The availability and accessibility of food have a significant impact on eating habits. Factors such as geographic
location, economic resources, and food infrastructure can determine the variety and quality of foods accessible to
individuals. Limited access to fresh and nutritious food options, commonly referred to as food deserts, can influence
dietary choices.
Psychological and Emotional Factors
 Psychological and emotional factors can influence eating habits as well. Stress, boredom, loneliness, and certain
emotions may trigger emotional eating, leading to the consumption of certain types of foods or overeating.
Additionally, individual perceptions of food, body image, and self-esteem can affect eating habits.
Media and Advertising
 Media and advertising heavily influence food choices and eating habits. Marketing strategies, food advertisements,
and the portrayal of certain foods can shape people's preferences and influence their decisions regarding what and
how much they eat. The promotion of unhealthy food options and misleading nutrition claims can have a negative
impact on eating habits.
Education and Knowledge
 Education and awareness about nutrition and healthy eating can influence individuals' choices and behaviors. Access
to accurate and evidence-based information about the nutritional value of foods, portion sizes, and balanced diets can
empower individuals to make informed decisions about their eating habits.
Lifestyle and Peer Influence
 Personal lifestyle choices and peer influence can impact eating habits. For example, individuals who lead active
lifestyles may prioritize nutritious foods that support their physical activities. Similarly, social interactions and peer
pressure can influence food choices, such as when dining out or socializing with friends.
Economic Factors
 Economic factors, including income, budget constraints, and food prices, can affect eating habits. Limited financial
resources can lead to the consumption of cheaper, calorie-dense, and less nutritious foods.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
 refers to any movement of the body that requires energy expenditure
BENEFITS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Physical activity offers a wide range of benefits for individuals of all ages. Regular engagement in physical activity can
positively impact both physical and mental well-being. Here are some key benefits of physical activity:
Improved Physical Health
 Regular physical activity helps strengthen the cardiovascular system, improving heart and lung function. It promotes
healthy growth and development, enhances bone density, and reduces the risk of chronic conditions such as heart
disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer. It also helps maintain a healthy weight and
promotes efficient metabolism.
Enhanced Mental Health
 Physical activity plays a significant role in promoting mental well-being. It helps reduce symptoms of depression,
anxiety, and stress, as it stimulates the release of endorphins, which are known as feel-good hormones. Engaging in
physical activity can also lead to improved self-esteem and cognitive function, contributing to better overall mental
health.
Increased Energy Levels
 Regular physical activity can increase energy levels and reduce feelings of fatigue. Exercise enhances oxygen and
nutrient delivery to the body's tissues, improving efficiency and endurance. It also stimulates the release of chemicals
in the brain that promote alertness and vitality.
Better Sleep
 Physical activity promotes better sleep quality and duration. Regular exercise can help regulate the sleep-wake cycle,
leading to improved overall sleep patterns. However, it is suggested to avoid intense exercise close to bedtime, as it
can have a stimulating effect on the body.
Improved Cognitive Function
  Physical activity has been shown to enhance cognitive abilities, including memory, attention, and problem-solving
skills. Exercise increases blood flow to the brain, promoting the growth of new neurons and supporting overall brain
health.
Social Engagement and Emotional Well-being
 Participating in physical activities such as team sports, group fitness classes, or outdoor activities can provide
opportunities for social interaction and the development of relationships. Social engagement and a sense of belonging
contribute to emotional well-being and overall life satisfaction.
SKILL-RELATED FITNESS
 refers to a specific set of physical attributes that enable individuals to perform various athletic activities or sports
successfully. Unlike general fitness components (such as cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, and
flexibility), skill-related fitness focuses on the skills required for specific sports or physical activities.
There are six components of skill-related fitness:
Agility
 The ability to change direction quickly and accurately. It involves the coordination of movements, balance, and
reflexes.
Muscular Endurance
 Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to sustain repeated contractions over an extended
period of time. It is necessary for activities that require repetitive movements, like running, swimming, or performing
exercises with light weights and high repetitions.
Flexibility
 Flexibility refers to the range of motion in the joints and the ability of muscles and connective tissues to stretch. Good
flexibility is important for maintaining proper posture, preventing injuries, and performing activities that require a
wide range of motion, such as dancing or gymnastics. Stretching exercises and activities like
yoga and Pilates can help improve flexibility.
Body Composition
 Body composition refers to the proportion of fat, muscle, bone, and other tissues in the body. A healthy body
composition is characterized by a lower percentage of body fat and a higher percentage of lean muscle mass.
Achieving and maintaining a healthy body composition is essential for overall health and reducing the risk of chronic
diseases. It can be improved through a combination of regular exercise and a balanced diet
BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) – measuring height and weight
FORMULA : w/(h)^2 | weight over height squared

Coordination HEALTH
 The ability to synchronize body movements efficiently. Good coordination allows individuals to perform complex
movements smoothly and accurately. CONSUMER
Any individual who purchases products or services for his personal use and not for manufacturing or resale.
Balance
 The ability to maintain stability and control during static and dynamic movements. Balance is essential for activities HEALTH
like gymnastics, martial arts, and yoga. state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Power WHAT IS CONSUMER HEALTH?

 The combination of strength and speed. Power is necessary for explosive movements such as jumping, throwing, and is not just about buying health products making decisions clear and deeper understanding to make wise choices.
sprinting.
CONSUMER HEALTH
Reaction Time 3 COMPONENTS
 The speed at which an individual responds to a given stimulus. It is particularly important in sports that require quick  Health Information
decision-making and rapid responses.
any concept, step, advice that various sources gives aid the health status of an individual the type of information
Speed varies depending various considerations
 The ability to move quickly from one point to another. Speed is crucial in activities like sprinting, Cycling, and
swimming.  Health Products

HEALTH-RELATED FITNESS food, drugs, cosmetics, devices, biologicals, vaccines, in-vitro diagnostics reagents, household/ urban hazardous
 term used to describe a set of physical attributes that are associated with good health and well-being. It encompasses substances , these products may be purchased from various supermarkets, pharmacies and hospitals.
the components of fitness that contribute to overall health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
 Health Services
The 5 components of health-related fitness are:
Cardiovascular Endurance refers to furnishing of medicines, medical or surgical treatments, nursing, hospital services, dental services.
 This refers to the ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues
RELIABLE AND NON RELIABLE SOURCES OF INFORMATION
during prolonged periods of moderate to vigorous physical activity. It can be improved through activities such as
running, swimming, and cycling. RELIABLE SOURCES OF INFORMATION
 MEDICAL AND HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
Muscular Strength
 Muscular strength is the amount of force a muscle or group of muscles can exert against resistance. Developing  GOVERNMENT AGENCIES : Department of Health ( DOH) ,Food and Drug Administration ( FDA),
muscular strength is important for activities like lifting, pushing, and pulling. Strength training exercises, such as Department of Trade and Industry ( DTI),Department of Health ( DOH),Food and Drug Administration
weightlifting, can help improve muscular strength. ( FDA),Department of Trade and Industry ( DTI)
 WEBSITES ENDING IN GOV., EDU., AND ORG.
 LOCAL HEALTH OFFICIALS
 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
 2. WALK- SURGERY CENTER
NON RELIABLE SOURCES OF INFORMATION 3. HEALTH CENTER
 OUTDATED CUSTOMS,PRACTICES AND SUPERTITIONS WITHOUT SCIENTIFIC BASIS 4. EXTENDED HEALTHCARE FACILITY
 QUACK OR PSEUDO HEALERS
 INFORMATION BASED ON IGNORANCE AND PREJUDICE QUACKERY
 PERSONAL OPTIONS AND INCOMPLETE INFORMATION Is a form of a health fraud, any advertisement, promotion or sale of products and services that have not been
scientifically proven safe and effective. Medical quackery. Includes cures, treatments, and remedies of various health
conditions that claim to be all-natural.
Health Professional
individuals who are trained and licensed to practice medicine along with allied health programs and work in the medical 3 CHARACTERISTICS
profession. 1. IT IS A BIG BUSINESS
2. IT MULTIPLIES AND SPREAD FAST. IT IS PROGRESSIVE
HEALTH PROFESSINALS :
3. IT IS CLAIMED THAT IT IS FOR AN INCURABLY CONDITION
1.PEDIATRICIAN
SPECIALIZES IN CHILDREN’S HEALTH CARE AND TREATMENT OF DISEASES.
2. PSYCHIATRIST EFFECTS OF QUACKERY
SPECIALIZES IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF MENTAL DISORDERS  TAKING A QUACK “ CURE’ MAY DELAY OR LOSE THE CHANCE TO BE HEALED
3. OBSTETRICIAN  THE PERSON MAY EXPERIENCE PLACEBO EFFECT- THAT HE/SHE IMPORVES FRO NATURAL
SPECIALIZES IN THE CARE OF WOMEN DURING PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH REASONS AND BECAUSE OF THE SUBSTANCE THAT THE QUACK PROVIDES
4. OPHTHALMOLOGIST  LOSS OF MONEY
SPECIALIZES IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF EYE DISEASES AND DISORDERS  GIVING FALSE HOPES TO THE SICK PERSON AND THE FAMILY
5. ANESTHESIOLOGIST  THE ACTUAL DAMAGE IS DONE TO THE INDIVIDUAL BY USING FAKE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES.
SPECIALIZES IN ADMINISTERING VARIOUS ANESTHETICS TO ASSURE PROPER OPERATIVE PROCEDURES
 IT MAY CAUSE OVERDOSE AND OVER MEDICINES
6. DERMATOLOGIST
SPECIALIZES IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SKIN DISEASES
7. CARDIOLOGIST
SPECIALIZES IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF THE HEART AND BLOODVESSELS 3 FORMS OF QUACKERY
8. PULMONOLOGIST MEDICAL QUACKERY
SPECIALIZES IN DISEASES OF THE LUNGS AND RESPIRATORY TRACT.  includes cures , treatments, and remedies for various health conditions that are druggles or bloodless in nature
9. NEUROLOGIST
SPECIALIZES IN PROVIDING DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS NUTRITION QUACKERY
SYSTEM.\  involves the promotion of food fads and nutritional practices that claim to be all- natural ..These are believed to have
10. SURGEON beneficial properties of multiple plants in one product
SPECIALIZES IN PERFORMING SURGICAL OPERATION IN TREATING DISEASES,
INJURIES AND DEFORMITIES.

HEALTH PROVIDERS DEVICE QUACKERY

Individuals who are trained and licensed to practice medicine along with allied health programs and work in the medical  makes use of miraculous gadgets (dials gauges, electrodes, magnets and blinkers) that are believed to cure certain
Profession. health conditions

HEALTH CONSUMER SHOULD KNOW THE DIFFERENT HEALTH SERVICES PROVIDED BY THESE
PROFESSIONALS :

 FEEDING PROGRAM FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

 2. IMMUNIZATION FRO DIFFERENT DISEASES INTENDED FOR INFANTS AND CHILDREN FROM
AGING 2 AND ABOVE
 3. PRENATAL CHECK-UPS FOR MOTHERS AND BABIES
 FREE MATERNITY CLINIC
 FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM
 HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
THESE ARE PLACES OR INSTITUTIONS THAT OFFER HEALTHCARE SERVICES.
1.HOSPITAL
CLASSIFICATIONS OF HOSPITAL :
GENERAL HOSPITALS
SPECIALTY HOSPITALS