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ProE Surfacing - Module 9
ProE Surfacing - Module 9
ProE Surfacing - Module 9
Lab Exercises
If you are ready to start on the exercises for this module, please click the links below. Exercise 1: Analyzing the Shaver Exercise 2: Creating a Mouse with Curvature Continuity (Challenge) Exercise 3: Analyzing the Air Filter Cover (Challenge)
Lecture Review
If you would like to review a text-based version of the materials presented in this lecture, please click here.
Introduction
When designing products using surface features, the transitions between surfaces play an important role. Continuity conditions at the edges of the surface sets or quilts determine how smooth these transitions are. The treatment of rounds at the edges does not always give desired results. In such scenarios, you can use blended surfaces with continuity conditions that are defined at the edges. To create aesthetically pleasing surface models, you need to analyze the model characteristics using different analysis tools. Surface analysis techniques enable you to analyze the quality of edges and surfaces and display the results using different methods. These can be effectively used with surface modeling techniques to improve the overall quality of surfaces in models. Creating models with highquality surfaces requires constant use of different analysis tools for checking the curve and the surface quality.
Objectives
After completing this module, you will be able to: Define the need to evaluate the surface models. Describe the various surface analysis tools. Create and analyze curvature continuous surfaces.
To prepare surface model for manufacturing With appropriate surface sides Many operations, like creating machining sequences, take the surface side into account. The quilts in your surface model should have the correct sides. You check the side using the Normal tool. With appropriate draft angle While creating plastic-molded, metalforged, or cast parts, you need to consider their ejection from the mold. While creating parts using surfaces, you do not control the draft angle as you do in the modeling of solids. You need to build the required draft angle while modeling. Therefore, you need to check it after finishing the model. To create aesthetic shapes With intended reflections Reflections are important factors in designing aesthetic shapes and determine the visual characteristics of a product. As a designer of visual characteristics of enclosures, you need to evaluate them when you are designing shapes. In shiny objects, particularly the ones that are used outdoors, the reflections play a major part in determining the visual characteristics of a product. Use the Reflection tool to determine the reflections.
Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 3.0 offers many different tools to suit different modeling requirements. Depending on the objective, you can use specific tools to analyze surface models. Certain tools enable you to analyze the
surface models for different characteristics such as continuity and distortions. The table in the slide displays a list of various tools that are used for different analysis needs.
Using the Draft tool, you can check the draft angle on the surfaces of the solid model by setting up a plane to define the direction of pull for the mold. This enables you to identify areas that could become problematic when the part is pulled from a mold during manufacturing.
The bottom figure displays the surface distortion being highlighted using Normals.
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As with curve geometry, designers analyze surfaces to locate imperfections and to verify tangency and curvature with mating surfaces. To the consumer, aesthetic parts appear as one continuous freeform shape. Often however, the underlying shape is actually made up of a series of interconnected surfaces that fit smoothly across the entire shape. Surface analysis helps designers achieve the end result - a completed product. You will learn about the following in the next few slides: o Curvature of a surface.
o o o
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Curvature of Surface
Curvature is defined as a portion of a surface that is proportional to 1/r at any given point on a curve. Therefore, the smaller the radius value, the greater the curvature will be. This is illustrated in the figure at the top of the slide. To detect changes in curvature, you can use a combination of surface analysis tools available with Pro/ENGINEER. The figure at the bottom of the slide shows a cross-section curvature plot, which graphically displays the range of curvature as a comb along the curve. When designing surfaces with curvature, keep in mind the following: o A straight line has a zero curvature since 1/r (where r is infinite) = zero. o A true arc has constant curvature at all points along the curve, based on its radius. o Splines, in general, have constantly changing curvature. Geometry can contain inflection points, where the curvature switches from one side of the surface to the other.
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Continuity Conditions
When geometry is joined at a common boundary, the surfaces can meet at three different levels of continuity: o G0 continuity.
o o
G1 continuity. G2 continuity.
As we can see, the three figures in the slide display various continuity conditions. Note the following: o The straight-line curvature plot of the surface in the G0 condition in the first figure. o The continuous slope in the G1 condition in the second figure. The continuous curvature plot denoting the G2 condition in the last figure. To attain a higher order of smoothness between the surface patches, we need to define the continuity as curvature continuous or G2. We may need to create G2 surfaces for aesthetic or engineering reasons such as: o Exterior panels of automobiles that have a shiny and glossy surface finish, and have painted, chrome-plated, and glass surfaces. These are called Class A surfaces. o Products, like valves and flow meters, where smooth surfaces are needed to improve fluid-dynamic (or aerodynamic) properties.
o
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The creation of curvature continuous surfaces in a given model depends on the existing features that are referenced to create the surfaces. To create the curvature continuous surfaces, references like curves or edges should have curvature continuity. When creating a surface from boundaries, the new surface can only be curvature continuous in one direction. (Style surface features can have curvature continuity on all four boundary edges.)
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It is a good practice to analyze the results when you create curvature continuous surfaces. Use Shaded Curvature (Gaussian), Sections (sectional curvature plot) or Curvature (Porcupine) tools to analyze the curvature continuity. These plots graphically display the conditions in different manners. o Shaded Curvature (Gaussian) The product of the smallest and largest normal curvatures for every point on a surface. This produces fringe color plots showing positive, negative, and zero values for surfaces and planes. A sudden change in the color pattern denotes a change in curvature. o Sections Displays the surface curvature in a comb. The plot is valid only for that cross section. o Curvature (Porcupine) Displays isolines and line segments normal to the isolines on a part. In surfaces that curve together tightly in both directions, the magnitude of the curvature is relatively high, whereas in areas which resemble the plane, the curvature is low.
Scenario
You continue to develop the Shaver model. In order to create a smooth and high quality surface model, you are evaluating the model quality using various analysis tools. Task 1. Inspect the quality of surfaces visually.
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1. In the Folder Browser , browse to the module_09 folder. o Right-click the module_09 folder and select Set Working Directory. o Open the BODY_MASTER_ANALYZE.PRT. 2. If necessary, click Datum Planes , Datum Axes , Datum Points , and Datum Coordinate Systems from the main toolbar to disable their display. 3. Examine the surface model. o Notice that the surfaces appear smooth without any apparent distortion.
BODY_MASTER_ANALYZE.PRT
Task 2. Start analyzing the upper surface, using the Porcupine tool to check the surface quality.
Many of the following tasks utilize small pop-up windows that can get lost behind the main Pro/ENGINEER window. To ensure ease of use, create a small gap between the Pro/ENGINEER window and the right edge of your screen, and place any dialog boxes in the gap for easy access.
1. Click Analysis > Geometry > Curvature. o Right-click to query and then select the entire upper quilt, as shown in the following figure.
2. Notice that the minimum and maximum curvature values are displayed in the Analysis tab of the Curvature dialog box.
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Porcupine Display
3. Select the Definition tab in the Curvature dialog box. o In the Plot Second Direction area, type 0 for the Quality and Scale, pressing ENTER for each. o Notice the second direction curves are not displayed, uncluttering the display. o Notice the sharp change in curvature in the indicated area.
4. Select the Analysis tab and click Saved. o Click Complete Analysis to save ANALYSIS_CURVATURE_1. 5. Click Analysis > Saved Analysis from the main menu. o Click Hide Analysis to toggle off ANALYSIS_CURVATURE_1. o Leave the Saved Analysis dialog box open for now. 6. Click Analysis > Geometry > Curvature. o Right-click to query and select the previous quilt again. Notice that the initial porcupine display retains the previous settings. o Select the Definition tab. o In the Plot Second Direction area, type 20 for the Quality and 0.8 for the Scale, pressing ENTER for each. o In the Plot area, type 0 for the Quality and Scale, pressing ENTER after each. o Notice the sharp change in curvature in the indicated area.
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7. Select the Analysis tab and click Saved if necessary. o Click Complete Analysis to save ANALYSIS_CURVATURE_2. 9. Locate the Saved Analysis dialog box (which should be still open). o Click Hide Analysis for ANALYSIS_CURVATURE_2 to toggle its display off. o Close the dialog box when finished.
Task 3. Use a shaded curvature display to gain more insight into the surface quality.
1. Click Analysis > Geometry > Shaded Curvature. o Right-click to query and select the previous upper quilt. o Drag the Color Scale dialog box to the right of the Pro/ENGINEER window. o Click Saved from the Analysis tab to set the saved name to ANALYSIS_SHADED_1.
Shaded Curvature
2. Select the Definition tab and change the plot type from Gaussian to Mean. o Notice the color gradient changes according to the color scale, depending on the amount of curvature present. o Smooth transitions of color throughout the spectrum are normal. The yellow and red area is not necessarily a problem. This area simply has greater curvature.
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Notice the thin strip of dark blue shading on the left side of the model. This area is not currently blending smoothly.
Notice that the blue stripe invades the red region and the red stripe invades the blue region. The curvature in this stripe is not smooth.
There are many ways to analyze a surface. Curvature (Porcupine) plots and various shaded displays often reveal similar findings.
4. Click Two Color from the Color Scale dialog box. o Notice the stripe effect again. The two-color plot is useful since the two colors indicate positive and negative curvature respectively. o The stripes are caused by a thin surface curving the opposite way from the neighboring surface.
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5. Click Complete Analysis to save ANALYSIS_SHADED_1. 6. Click Analysis > Saved Analysis from the main menu. o Click Hide Analysis for ANALYSIS_SHADED_1 to toggle its display off. o Close the dialog box.
Task 4. Examine the reflection curves in the model.
1. Click Analysis > Geometry > Reflection. o Right-click to query and select the upper quilt again. o Press CTRL, then right-click to query and select the lower quilt. o Slowly rotate the model to view the changing reflection. o Notice that there are breaks in the reflection around the previously identified stripe.
Reflection Curves
2. Click Saved from the Analysis tab to set the saved name to ANALYSIS_REFLECTION_1. o Click Complete Analysis to save ANALYSIS_REFLECTION_1. 3. Click Analysis > Saved Analysis from the main menu. o Click Hide Analysis for ANALYSIS_ REFLECTION _1 to toggle its display off. o Close the dialog box.
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Task 5. Since curves are primarily responsible for the surface quality, analyze the curves to figure out why the surface quality is not smooth.
1. Click Analysis > Geometry > Curvature from the main menu. o Select the edge shown in the following figure. o Drag the scale handle to approximately 10. o Notice the curvature has a dip in the curvature plot, similar to the first direction curvature plot analyzed earlier.
2. Click Quick from the Analysis tab. o Click Complete Analysis . 3. Select the OFFSET_CURVE group from the model tree. o Right-click and select Unhide. 4. Click Analysis > Geometry > Curvature from the main menu. o Select the curve shown in the following figure. o Drag the scale handle to approximately 25. o Notice this curve also has a dip in the curvature plot.
k Complete Analysis
Task 6. Clean up the curvature problems on the first of two curves. 1. Select the TOP_PROFILE sketch from the model tree. o Right-click and select Unhide.
2. With the sketch still selected, right-click and select Edit Definition.
o o o
Spline Curvature
3. Place the cursor over the highlighted point in the following figure. o Right-click and select Delete Point.
o
Notice the curvature now ramps up quickly, but no longer has the dip where curvature decreased slightly.
4. Click Complete Feature from the dashboard. o Click Complete Sketch . o With the TOP_PROFILE sketch still selected, right-click and select Hide.
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Task 7. Clean up the curvature problems on the second of two curves. 1. Expand the OFFSET_CURVE group in the model tree and select Sketch 1. o Right-click and select Edit Definition.
o o o o
Curvature Plot
2. Click Complete Feature from the dashboard. o Modify the upper endpoint curvature value from 40 to 60. o Modify the lower endpoint curvature value from 30 to 80. 3. Select the background to de-select all items.
o o o
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Improved Curvature
1. Click Datum Planes from the main toolbar to enable their display. 2. Drag the Insert Indicator just above Boundary Blend 1 in the model tree. 3. Start the Datum Point Tool from the feature toolbar. o Select a location on the sketch, as shown in the following figure. o Edit the name of the Point to CTRL1. o Edit the offset ratio to 0.075. (Do not click OK yet).
4. Right-click and select New Point. o Select a location on the sketch, as shown in the following figure. o Edit the name of the Point to CTRL2. 26
o o
Edit the offset ratio to 0.80. Click OK to complete the datum point.
5. Click Datum Points from the main toolbar to enable their display. 6. Press CTRL and select DTM2 and Datum Point 485 (within the OFFSET_CURVE group) from the model tree. o Right-click and select Hide. 7. Click Datum Planes from the main toolbar to disable their display. 8. Select the Insert Indicator , right-click and select Cancel. o Click YES in the message window.
Task 9. Redefine Boundary Blend 1 to use CTRL1 as a control point. 1. Press CTRL and select the two copy geometry features in the top of the model tree. o Right-click and select Unhide. 2. Select Boundary Blend 1 from the model tree. o Notice the stripe is caused by the double lines on the surface.
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3. With Boundary Blend 1 still selected, right-click and select Edit Definition. o Select the Control Points tab and select Second. o Select the first undefined chain. o Select the center X on the right, then CTRL1, and then the center X on the left. o Notice that the center stripe has been removed, and is now a single line, as shown in the following figure.
4. Click Complete Feature from the dashboard. o Boundary Blend 2 fails due to the changed control points in Boundary Blend 1. o Continue to the next step to resolve the failure.
Task 10. Resolve the failure on Boundary Blend 2.
1. Click Quick Fix > Suppress > Confirm > Yes from the menu manager. o Notice that the failing Boundary Blend 2 feature is suppressed. 2. Select the BOTTOM_PROFILE curve from the model tree. o Right-click and select Unhide. This enables us to select this boundary while in resolve mode. 3. Select Boundary Blend 2 from the model tree, right-click and selected Resume. o Click Quick Fix > Redefine > Confirm from the menu manager. 28
4. Select the Curves tab in the dashboard. o Notice that Chain 1 under the First Direction has a red dot, indicating a missing reference. We redefine all curves for completeness. o Right-click over the model. Notice that First Direction Curves is active. o Right-click again and select Clear. o Press CTRL and select the two curves (top then bottom) as shown.
Selecting an Edge
5. Right-click and select Second Direction Curves. o Right-click and select Clear. o Configure the first boundary, as shown in the following figure.
To configure this boundary, select an edge, press SHIFT, query and select the tangent chain, and then press SHIFT and drag the endpoint handle to snap it.
6. Press CTRL and configure the second boundary, as shown in the following figure.
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7. Press CTRL and configure the third boundary, as shown in the following figure.
Boundary 3 Configured
8. Notice a stripe is also forming on this boundary blend. o Click Complete Feature from the dashboard to ensure the feature is correct thus far. 9. With the feature still selected, right-click and select Edit Definition. o Select the Constraints tab. Configure, as shown in the following figure.
10. Select the Control Points tab and select the Second direction. o Select the first undefined chain. o Select the center X on the right, then CTRL2, and then the X, second from the bottom on the left. 30
o o o
Click Yes from the Menu Manager to exit resolve mode. Notice that the stripe has been removed.
Task 11. Hide all construction geometry. 1. Select anywhere on the background to de-select all items. 2. Press CTRL and select the two copy geometry features in the top of the model tree. o Right-click and select Hide. 3. Press CTRL and select the BOTTOM_PROFILE, OFFSET_CURVE group and the Datum Point feature used for the control points. o Right-click and select Hide. Task 12. Re-analyze the surface quilts.
1. Click Analysis > Saved Analysis. o Expand the dialog box. There should be four saved analyses.
Saved Analyses
Type 20 and 0.8 for the Quality and Scale in the Plot area. Type 0 for Quality and Scale in the Plot Second Direction area.
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ANALYSIS_CURVATURE_1
3. Select Hide Analysis for ANALYSIS_CURVATURE_1 to disable its display. o Select Display Analysis for ANALYSIS_CURVATURE_2 to display it.
o o o o
Type 0 for the Quality and Scale in the Plot area. Type 20 and 0.8 for Quality and Scale in the Plot Second Direction area. Notice the improved curvature plot compared to before the modifications.
ANALYSIS_CURVATURE_2
4. Click Complete Feature from the Curvature Dialog box. 5. From the Saved Analysis dialog box, click All > Hide All. o Close the Saved Analysis dialog box 6. Press CTRL and select the upper quilt and then the lower quilt (the two boundary blend features).
o o
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Merging Quilts
Now that the surfaces are merged, the saved analyses will appear for both quilts.
7. Click Analysis > Saved Analysis. o Select Display Analysis for ANALYSIS_SHADED_1 to enable its display.
o o o
Change the fringe plot scale if necessary and notice the improved shaded curvature plot. The stripe has been eliminated.
Notice that with this type of plot, the warm colors indicate positive curvature and the cool colors indicate negative curvature.
ANALYSIS_SHADED_1
8. Click Complete Feature from the Curvature Dialog box. 9. Select Hide Analysis for ANALYSIS_SHADED_1 to disable its display. o Select Display Analysis for ANALYSIS_REFLECTION_1 to display it. o Notice the improved reflection lines.
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ANALYSIS_REFLECTION_1
10. From the Saved Analysis dialog box, click All > Hide All. o Close the Saved Analysis dialog box.
You can also click Analysis > Hide All from the main menu.
1. Click Analysis > Geometry > Point. o Select a location as shown. o Investigate the provided information in the dialog box. o Click Complete Analysis .
Point Analysis
2. Click Analysis > Geometry > Radius. o Select a similar location as selected previously. o Investigate the provided information on-screen and in the dialog box. o Click Complete Analysis .
Radius Analysis
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Task 14. Analyze the quilt to see if it will thicken properly using the Offset tool.
1. Click Analysis > Geometry > Offset. o Query and select the entire quilt. o Drag the offset handle toward the inside of the quilt to a value of 2. o Notice that there are no intersecting mesh lines. A material thickness of 2 will work.
Offset Mesh of 2
2. Drag the offset handle toward the inside of the quilt to a value of 5. o Zoom in and notice that there are some intersecting mesh lines. A material thickness of 5 will not work. o Click Complete Analysis .
Offset Mesh of 5
3. Click Save from the main toolbar and click OK. 4. Click File > Erase > Current > Yes. This completes the exercise.
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Scenario
The basic shape-defining surfaces of the mouse were created earlier. Since the mouse is a handheld device, the product stylist wants to smoothen the sharp edges with variable transitions. The transitions have been defined with the aesthetics of the product in mind. Task 1. Locate and open the Mouse part. 1. Open the MOUSE.PRT. o Review the features in the part.
o
Mouse Part
Task 2. Define the first two boundary curves for a blended surface by offsetting edges. 1. Offset the edge of the top surface. o Select the top surface and then select the edge of the surface, as shown in the following figure.
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2. Click Edit > Offset. o Edit the offset value to 0.3. o Select the Measurements tab from the dashboard. 3. Right-click in the tab and select Add to add another point. o Edit the Distance value of this point to 0.4. o Edit the Location value to 0.3. 4. Right-click in the tab and select Add to add a third point. o Edit the Distance value to 0.4. o Edit the Location value to 1.0. o Click Complete Feature .
5. Offset the edge of the front surface. o Select the front surface and then select the edge of the surface, as shown in the following figure.
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6. Click Edit > Offset. o Edit the offset value to 0.3. o Select the Measurements tab from the dashboard. 7. Right-click in the tab and select Add. o Edit the Distance value to 0.4 and the Location value to 0.3. 8. Right-click in the tab and select Add. o Edit the Distance value to 0.4 and the Location value to 1. o Refer to the following figure. o Click Complete Feature .
1. Click Datum Curve from the feature toolbar. o Click Thru Points > Done. o Select the end points on the far left of the model, as shown in the following figure. o Click Done.
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3. Click Flip > Okay. o Select the edge shown in the following figure.
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Curve Created
5. Repeat the previous steps to create another curve through the far right end points, as shown in the following figure. o Specify tangency at the start and end points, also shown in the following figure. o Click Done/Return. Do NOT complete the feature yet.
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Specifying Tangency
6. Double-click Attributes. o Click Quilt/Surf > Done and select datum plane TOP from the model tree. o Click OK to complete the curve.
Curve Created
By changing the curve attribute from free to lie on the datum plane TOP, you have ensured that the edge of the surface created will lie on the base of the mouse.
Task 4. Use the four previous curves to create a blended surface with tangency to the adjoining surfaces.
1. Start the Boundary Blend Tool from the feature toolbar. o Press CTRL and select the two curves in the first direction, as shown in the following figure.
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2. Right-click and select Second Direction Curves. o Press CTRL and select the two end curves in the second direction, as shown in the following figure.
3. Select the Constraints tab. o For Direction 1-First Chain, change the condition from Free to Tangent. o Select the surface that the curve lies on for the tangency reference. o For Direction 1-Last Chain, change the condition from Free to Tangent. o Select the surface that the curve lies on for the tangency reference. 4. Click Complete Feature .
Task 5. Merge the new blended surface with the original surfaces.
1. Change the selection filter from Smart to Quilts. 2. Select the boundary blend quilt created previously. o Press CTRL and select the front quilt, as shown in the following figure.
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Selecting Quilts
You may notice that the merge feature will fail when selecting the combination of quilt side to keep. This is because by default, the Intersect option is selected when merging quilts. You need to use the Join option in this case.
3. Start the Merge Tool from the feature toolbar. o Select the Options tab and select Join. o Flip the arrow if necessary, as shown in the following figure. o Click Complete Feature .
Joining Surfaces
4. Select anywhere on the model background to de-select all items. 5. Press CTRL and select the remaining two quilts.
o o o o
Right-click and select Join. Flip the arrow if necessary, as shown in the following figure. Click Complete Feature .
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Joining Surfaces
1. Click Analysis > Geometry > Shaded Curvature. o Query and select the entire quilt, as shown in the following figure. o Notice the Gaussian plot of the quilt shows that the geometry is tangent (continuous in slope), but it is discontinuous in curvature. 2. Select Saved as the Analysis Type. o Click Complete Analysis .
Task 7. Make the first two curves of the blended surface curvature continuous.
1. In the model tree, right-click Curve id 1016 and select Edit Definition. o Double-click Tangency. o Select the Curvature check box for the start point. o Click End and select the Curvature check box. o Click Done/Return. o Click OK. 2. In the model tree, right-click Curve id 1019 and select Edit Definition. o Double-click Tangency. o Select the Curvature check box for the start point. o Click End and select the Curvature check box. 44
o o
Click Done/Return, and click OK. The curvature plot should has not changed much since only the boundary curves have been made curvature continuous.
Curvature Plot
Task 8. Redefine the surface and investigate the updated analysis. 1. Now that the boundaries have been made curvature continuous, we can make the surface curvature continuous. 2. In the model tree, right-click Boundary Blend 1 and select Edit Definition. o Select the Constraints tab.
o o o
For the Direction 1-First Chain, change the condition from Tangent to Curvature. For the Direction 1-Last Chain, change the condition from Tangent to Curvature. Click Complete Feature .
3. Notice the fringe pattern at the edges of the surface. o Zoom in and you will notice the color gradient changes near, but not exactly on the boundaries of the blended surface. o The smooth blend of colors shows curvature continuity at the transition surface.
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Scenario
You have created an Air Filter Cover model using the Boundary Blend tool. You have found a number of small patches on the surface and removed them using the Blend Control Point option. You want to compare the surface quality before and after removal of the small patches. Task 1. Review the surface quality of the model with many small patches. 1. Open the AIR_FILTER_COVER.PRT. o Select the main body of the model and notice the quilt has many patches.
2. Click Analysis > Geometry > Sections. o Select the entire quilt, as shown in the following figure.
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3. In the Sections dialog box select the Definition tab. o Right-click and select Direction Collector. o Select datum plane TOP from the model tree. o In the Sections area, type 10 for the number, 10 for the spacing and 55 for the start value. o In the Plot area, type 20 for the Quality, and 10 for the Scale.
4. Zoom in and review the plots closely. o Notice the breaks and jagged edges in the curvature plot, as shown in the following figure. o Click Cancel Analysis .
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5. Click Analysis > Geometry > Shaded Curvature. o Select the entire quilt to display, as shown in the following figure. o Zoom in and review the different shaded areas of the quilt. Notice the various patches in the top left and right corners of the part. Also make a note of the minimum and maximum Gaussian curvature values. o Click Cancel Analysis .
Gaussian Curvature
Task 2. Review the surface quality of the improved model. 1. Open the AIR_FILTER_COVER_BLENDED.PRT. o This model is actually the same as the previous model, except that the surface quality has been improved using the Blend Control Point technique (as shown in a previous exercise).
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Select the main body and notice that the number of surface patches has been reduced, as shown in the following figure.
2. Click Analysis > Geometry > Sections. o Select the entire quilt. o In the Sections dialog box select the Definition tab. o Right-click and select Direction Collector. o Select datum plane TOP from the model tree. 3. Zoom in and review the plots closely. o Notice that the curvature plot is continuous, as shown in the following figure. o Click Cancel Analysis .
4. Click Analysis > Geometry > Shaded Curvature. o Select the entire quilt.
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o o o
Zoom in and review the different shaded areas of the quilt. Notice the increase in continuity of the surface patches at the corners of the part. Click Cancel Analysis .
Remember that Guassian Curvature only measures 2-directional curvature. In this model, only the corners and sides curve in more than one direction, so only those show a color gradient.
Gaussian Display
5. Save and erase all models from session. This completes the exercise.
Summary
After successfully completing this module, you should know how to: Define the need to evaluate the surface models. Describe the various surface analysis tools. Create and analyze curvature continuous surfaces.
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