key chemistry equations

A ‘mole’ simply refers to the amount of a certain substance. One mole of a gas always takes up the
one mole of an element refers to a particular amount of that same volume at room temperature and
element. It is equivalent to 6.02 x 1023 atoms, which chemists pressure. That volume is 24 dm3 or
like to refer to as Avagadro's number, 24,000 cm3

Percentage yield describes how much reactant was

successfully converted into product. In reality, percentage The atom economy of a reaction is a measure of the amount of
yield will always be less than 100% due to a handful of reactants which are converted into useful products. The fewer waste
reasons. Firstly, some reactant or product will be lost products there are, the higher the atom economy. It is cheaper and more
when transferring between containers or filtering, for sustainable to use reactions with a higher atom economy.
example. Secondly, the reaction may be incomplete, with
not all reactant converted into product. Finally, some
reactant may have reacted with a different substance,
such as oxygen in the air, to produce something other than We can calculate the moles of a solution when we know the
the desired product. concentration and volume.
 key chemistry equations
Empirical formula and molecular formula
The molecular formula is the actual number of atoms of each element in a compound. The empirical
formula is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.
Step 1: Find the moles of each element using the equation moles = mass / Mr.
Step 2: divide each of the moles by the smallest number calculated.
Step 3: write out the empirical formula using the ratio calculated