Mechanics worksheet [128 marks]

1a. [1 mark]

Markscheme

t=«
OR
√ 2d
g
=» 0.22 «s»

t=
√ 2 × 0.24
9.8
✓

Answer to 2 or more significant figures or formula with variables replaced by correct values.

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[N/A]
1b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
increasing straight line from zero up to 0.2 s in x-axis ✓
with gradient = 10 ✓

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[N/A]
1c. [3 marks]

Markscheme
ALTERNATIVE 1
1.37
t= =¿«0.114 s» ✓
12
1 2
y= × 10× 0.114 =0.065 m ✓
2
so (0.24 − 0.065) = 0.175 > 0.15 OR 0.065 < (0.24 − 0.15) «so it goes over the net» ✓

ALTERNATIVE 2
 1 2
«0.24 − 0.15 = 0.09 = ×10 ×t so» t = 0.134 s ✓
2
0.134 × 12 = 1.6 m ✓
1.6 > 1.37 «so ball passed the net already» ✓

Allow use of g = 9.8.

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1d. [2 marks]

Markscheme
ALTERNATIVE 1
1 1
KE = mv2 + mgh = 0.0027 ×10.52 + 0.0027 × 9.8 × 0.18 ✓
2 2
0.15 «J» ✓

ALTERNATIVE 2

Use of vx = 10.5 AND vy = 1.88 to get v = «√ 10.52 +1.882» = 10.67 «m s−1» ✓

1
KE = × 0.0027 × 10.672 = 0.15 «J» ✓
2

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1e. [3 marks]

Markscheme
Δ v=21 «m s−1» ✓
0.0027 ×21
F=
0.01
OR
5.67 «N» ✓
any answer to 2 significant figures «N» ✓
Examiners report
[N/A]
2a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
arrow vertically downwards labelled weight «of sledge and/or girl»/W/mg/gravitational
force/Fg/Fgravitational AND arrow perpendicular to the snow slope labelled reaction
force/R/normal contact force/N/FN
friction force/F/f acting up slope «perpendicular to reaction force»
Do not allow G/g/“gravity”.
Do not award MP1 if a “driving force” is included.
Allow components of weight if correctly labelled.
Ignore point of application or shape of object.
Ignore “air resistance”.
Ignore any reference to “push of feet on sledge”.
Do not award MP2 for forces on sledge on horizontal ground
The arrows should contact the object

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2b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
gravitational force/weight from the Earth «downwards»
reaction force from the sledge/snow/ground «upwards»
no vertical acceleration/remains in contact with the ground/does not move vertically as
there is no resultant vertical force
Allow naming of forces as in (a)
Allow vertical forces are balanced/equal in magnitude/cancel out

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[N/A]
2c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
mention of conservation of momentum
OR
5.5 x 4.2 = (55 + 5.5) «v»
0.38 «m s–1»
Allow p=p′ or other algebraically equivalent statement
Award [0] for answers based on energy

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2d. [3 marks]

Markscheme
same change in momentum/impulse
the time taken «to stop» would be greater «with the snow»
Δp
F= therefore F is smaller «with the snow»
Δt
OR
force is proportional to rate of change of momentum therefore F is smaller «with the snow»
Allow reverse argument for ice

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[N/A]
2e. [3 marks]

Markscheme
«friction force down slope» = μmg cos(6.5) = «5.9 N»
«component of weight down slope» = mg sin(6.5) «= 6.1 N»
F 12
«so a = » acceleration = = 2.2 «m s–2»
m 5.5
Ignore negative signs
Allow use of g = 10 m s–2

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[N/A]
2f. [2 marks]

Markscheme
correct use of kinematics equation
distance = 4.4 or 4.0 «m»
Alternative 2
KE lost=work done against friction + GPE
distance = 4.4 or 4.0 «m»
Allow ECF from (e)(i)
Allow [1 max] for GPE missing leading to 8.2 «m»

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2g. [2 marks]

Markscheme
calculates a maximum value for the frictional force = «μR=» 7.5 «N»
sledge will not move as the maximum static friction force is greater than the component of
weight down the slope
Allow correct conclusion from incorrect MP1
Allow 7.5 > 6.1 so will not move

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3a. [3 marks]

Markscheme
ALTERNATIVE 1
 3.41
«deceleration» ¿ «¿ 0.243 m s−2»
14.0
F = 0.243 × m
0.243 × m
μ= =0.025
m ×9.81
ALTERNATIVE 2
distance travelled after release = 23.85 «m»
KE lost = 5.81m «J»
KE lost 5.81 m
μd = = =0.025
mg× distance 23.85 mg
Award [3] for a bald correct answer.
Ignore sign in acceleration.
Allow ECF from (a) (note that μ=0.0073 x candidate answer to (a) ).
Ignore any units in answer.
Condone omission of m in solution.
Allow g = 10 N kg–1 (gives 0.024).

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3b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
normal force, upwards, ignore point of application
Force must be labeled for its mark to be awarded. Blob at poa not required.
Allow OWTTE for normal force. Allow N, R, reaction.
The vertical forces must lie within the middle third of the stone
weight/weight force/force of gravity, downwards, ignore point of application
Allow mg, W but not “gravity”.
Penalise gross deviations from vertical/horizontal once only
friction/resistive force, to left, at bottom of stone, point of application must be on the
interface between ice and stone
Allow F, μR. Only allow arrows/lines that lie on the interface. Take the tail of the arrow as the
definitive point of application and expect line to be drawn horizontal.

Award [2 max] if any force arrow does not touch the stone
Do not award MP3 if a “driving force” is shown acting to the right. This need not be labelled to
disqualify the mark. Treat arrows labelled “air resistance” as neutral.

N.B: Diagram in MS is drawn with the vertical forces not direction of travel collinear for
clarity

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4a. [1 mark]

Markscheme
0.40 «m s−1» ✔

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[N/A]
4b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
initial energy 24 mJ and final energy 12 mJ ✔
energy is lost/unequal /change in energy is 12 mJ ✔
inelastic collisions occur when energy is lost ✔

Examiners report
Candidates fell into some broad categories on this question. This was a “show that”
question, so there was an expectation of a mathematical argument. Many were able to
successfully show that the initial and final kinetic energies were different and connect this
to the concept of inelastic collisions. Some candidates tried to connect conservation of
momentum unsuccessfully, and some simply wrote an extended response about the nature
of inelastic collisions and noted that the bobs stuck together without any calculations. This
approach was awarded zero marks.
4c. [1 mark]

Markscheme
maximum GPE at extremes, minimum in centre ✔

Examiners report
This straightforward question had surprisingly poorly answers. Candidate answers tended
to be overly vague, such as “as the bob went higher the GPE increased and as it fell the GPE
decreased.” Candidates needed to specify when GPE would be at maximum and minimum
values. Some candidates mistakenly assumed that at t=0 the pendulum bob was at
maximum height despite being told otherwise in the question stem.
4a. [1 mark]

Markscheme
force × time
OR
change in momentum ✔

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[N/A]