Anatomy of Skeletal System

Spongy bone (cont’d)

SKELETAL SYSTEM Trabeculae – needle-like threads of spongy bone
COMPOSED OF: that surround the spaces. Add strength to this
-Bones portion of the bone.
-Cartilage
-Joints Cartilage
-Ligaments Matrix is a firm gel with chondrocytes suspended
in the matrix.
Functions of Skeletal System
Classification of Bones
SUPPORT: Hard framework that supports and anchors
the soft organs of the body. Long bones
PROTECTION: Surrounds organs such as the brain and - Typically, longer than wide
spinal cord. - Have a shaft with heads at both ends
MOVEMENT: Allows for muscle attachment therefore - Contain mostly compact bone
the bones are used as levers. Examples: Femur, humerus
STORAGE: Minerals and lipids are stored within bone
material. Short bones
BLOOD CELL FORMATION: The bone marrow is
responsible - Generally, cube-shape-
for blood cell production. - Contain mostly spongy bone

Bone Markings Examples: Carpals, tarsals

Bone Surface is not smooth, but shows:
Bone markings which reveal where: - Flat bones
-muscles, tendons, and ligaments attached - Thin and flattened
-nerves and blood vessels pass - Usually curved
- Thin layers of compact bone around a layer
*bone marking may be: of spongy bone
1-projections or processes or
2-depressions or cavities Examples: Skull, ribs, sternum

Structure Irregular bones

Compact bone - Irregular shape

- Outer layer of bone, very hard and dense.
- Organized in structural units called Haversian
systems.
- Matrix is composed of Ca salts (Ca carbonate
and Caphosphate)
Osteocytes – living bone cells that live in matrix.
- Do not fit into other bone classification
categories
Example: Vertebrae and hip
Gross Anatomy of a Long Bone

Porous (Spongy) bone Diaphysis

- Located in the ends of long bones. - Shaft
- Many spaces that are filled with red bone - Composed of compact bone
marrow which produces bone cells.
Epiphysis
- Ends of the bone
- Composed mostly of spongy bone
Structures of a Long Bone