The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, joints, and ligaments. Bones provide structure, protection, movement, and storage. There are two types of bone tissue: compact bone which forms the hard outer layer, and spongy bone which forms the inner layer and ends of long bones. Cartilage is a firm gel that provides structure to joints. Bones are classified as long, short, flat, or irregular depending on their shape. Long bones have a shaft and heads, contain mostly compact bone, and examples are the femur and humerus. Short bones are generally cube-shaped and contain mostly spongy bone. Flat bones are thin and curved with layers of compact bone surrounding spongy bone. Ir
The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, joints, and ligaments. Bones provide structure, protection, movement, and storage. There are two types of bone tissue: compact bone which forms the hard outer layer, and spongy bone which forms the inner layer and ends of long bones. Cartilage is a firm gel that provides structure to joints. Bones are classified as long, short, flat, or irregular depending on their shape. Long bones have a shaft and heads, contain mostly compact bone, and examples are the femur and humerus. Short bones are generally cube-shaped and contain mostly spongy bone. Flat bones are thin and curved with layers of compact bone surrounding spongy bone. Ir
The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, joints, and ligaments. Bones provide structure, protection, movement, and storage. There are two types of bone tissue: compact bone which forms the hard outer layer, and spongy bone which forms the inner layer and ends of long bones. Cartilage is a firm gel that provides structure to joints. Bones are classified as long, short, flat, or irregular depending on their shape. Long bones have a shaft and heads, contain mostly compact bone, and examples are the femur and humerus. Short bones are generally cube-shaped and contain mostly spongy bone. Flat bones are thin and curved with layers of compact bone surrounding spongy bone. Ir
SKELETAL SYSTEM Trabeculae – needle-like threads of spongy bone COMPOSED OF: that surround the spaces. Add strength to this -Bones portion of the bone. -Cartilage -Joints Cartilage -Ligaments Matrix is a firm gel with chondrocytes suspended in the matrix. Functions of Skeletal System Classification of Bones SUPPORT: Hard framework that supports and anchors the soft organs of the body. Long bones PROTECTION: Surrounds organs such as the brain and - Typically, longer than wide spinal cord. - Have a shaft with heads at both ends MOVEMENT: Allows for muscle attachment therefore - Contain mostly compact bone the bones are used as levers. Examples: Femur, humerus STORAGE: Minerals and lipids are stored within bone material. Short bones BLOOD CELL FORMATION: The bone marrow is responsible - Generally, cube-shape- for blood cell production. - Contain mostly spongy bone
Bone Markings Examples: Carpals, tarsals
Bone Surface is not smooth, but shows: Bone markings which reveal where: - Flat bones -muscles, tendons, and ligaments attached - Thin and flattened -nerves and blood vessels pass - Usually curved - Thin layers of compact bone around a layer *bone marking may be: of spongy bone 1-projections or processes or 2-depressions or cavities Examples: Skull, ribs, sternum
Structure Irregular bones
Compact bone - Irregular shape
- Outer layer of bone, very hard and dense. - Do not fit into other bone classification - Organized in structural units called Haversian categories systems. - Matrix is composed of Ca salts (Ca carbonate Example: Vertebrae and hip and Caphosphate) Osteocytes – living bone cells that live in matrix. Gross Anatomy of a Long Bone
Porous (Spongy) bone Diaphysis
- Located in the ends of long bones. - Shaft - Many spaces that are filled with red bone - Composed of compact bone marrow which produces bone cells. Epiphysis - Ends of the bone - Composed mostly of spongy bone Structures of a Long Bone