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    The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, joints, and ligaments. Bones provide structure, protection, movement, and storage. There are two types of bone tissue: compact bone which forms the hard outer layer, and spongy bone which forms the inner layer and ends of long bones. Cartilage is a firm gel that provides structure to joints. Bones are classified as long, short, flat, or irregular depending on their shape. Long bones have a shaft and heads, contain mostly compact bone, and examples are the femur and humerus. Short bones are generally cube-shaped and contain mostly spongy bone. Flat bones are thin and curved with layers of compact bone surrounding spongy bone. Ir

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    The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, joints, and ligaments. Bones provide structure, protection, movement, and storage. There are two types of bone tissue: compact bone which forms the hard outer layer, and spongy bone which forms the inner layer and ends of long bones. Cartilage is a firm gel that provides structure to joints. Bones are classified as long, short, flat, or irregular depending on their shape. Long bones have a shaft and heads, contain mostly compact bone, and examples are the femur and humerus. Short bones are generally cube-shaped and contain mostly spongy bone. Flat bones are thin and curved with layers of compact bone surrounding spongy bone. Ir

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    2 views3 pages

    Midterms Anaphy

    Uploaded by

    Maricar Aquino Enriquez
    The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, joints, and ligaments. Bones provide structure, protection, movement, and storage. There are two types of bone tissue: compact bone which forms the hard outer layer, and spongy bone which forms the inner layer and ends of long bones. Cartilage is a firm gel that provides structure to joints. Bones are classified as long, short, flat, or irregular depending on their shape. Long bones have a shaft and heads, contain mostly compact bone, and examples are the femur and humerus. Short bones are generally cube-shaped and contain mostly spongy bone. Flat bones are thin and curved with layers of compact bone surrounding spongy bone. Ir

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    Anatomy of Skeletal System

    Spongy bone (cont’d)


    SKELETAL SYSTEM Trabeculae – needle-like threads of spongy bone
    COMPOSED OF: that surround the spaces. Add strength to this
    -Bones portion of the bone.
    -Cartilage
    -Joints Cartilage
    -Ligaments Matrix is a firm gel with chondrocytes suspended
    in the matrix.
    Functions of Skeletal System
    Classification of Bones
    SUPPORT: Hard framework that supports and anchors
    the soft organs of the body. Long bones
    PROTECTION: Surrounds organs such as the brain and - Typically, longer than wide
    spinal cord. - Have a shaft with heads at both ends
    MOVEMENT: Allows for muscle attachment therefore - Contain mostly compact bone
    the bones are used as levers. Examples: Femur, humerus
    STORAGE: Minerals and lipids are stored within bone
    material. Short bones
    BLOOD CELL FORMATION: The bone marrow is
    responsible - Generally, cube-shape-
    for blood cell production. - Contain mostly spongy bone

    Bone Markings Examples: Carpals, tarsals


    Bone Surface is not smooth, but shows:
    Bone markings which reveal where: - Flat bones
    -muscles, tendons, and ligaments attached - Thin and flattened
    -nerves and blood vessels pass - Usually curved
    - Thin layers of compact bone around a layer
    *bone marking may be: of spongy bone
    1-projections or processes or
    2-depressions or cavities Examples: Skull, ribs, sternum

    Structure Irregular bones

    Compact bone - Irregular shape


    - Outer layer of bone, very hard and dense. - Do not fit into other bone classification
    - Organized in structural units called Haversian categories
    systems.
    - Matrix is composed of Ca salts (Ca carbonate Example: Vertebrae and hip
    and Caphosphate)
    Osteocytes – living bone cells that live in matrix. Gross Anatomy of a Long Bone

    Porous (Spongy) bone Diaphysis


    - Located in the ends of long bones. - Shaft
    - Many spaces that are filled with red bone - Composed of compact bone
    marrow which produces bone cells.
    Epiphysis
    - Ends of the bone
    - Composed mostly of spongy bone
    Structures of a Long Bone

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