MATH IN THE MODERN WORLD

CORRELATION
MODULE 3-WEEK 11-TOPIC 22

REMELYN L. ASAHID-CHENG
CORRELATION
 What is correlation?
A technique used to measure the
likelihood of two behaviors relating to each
other.

According to Guilford:
“A coefficient of correlation is a single
number that tells us to what extent two
things are related, to what extent variation
in one go with variations in the other.”
Types of Correlation
The scatter plot explains the correlation
between the two attributes or variables. It represents
how closely the two variables are connected. There
can be three such situations to see the relation
between the two variables –
• Positive Correlation – when the value of one
variable increases with respect to another.
• Negative Correlation – when the value of one
variable decreases with respect to another.
• No Correlation – when there is no linear
dependence or no relation between the two
variables.
 Correlation Coefficient formula
Value of 𝑟 Interpretation
Correlation Coefficient 𝒓 0.8 < 𝑟 < 1 Strong, positive
relationship
0.4 < 𝑟 < 0.8 Moderate, positive
𝑛(σ 𝑥𝑦) − σ 𝑥 σ 𝑦 relationship
𝑟=
𝑛 σ 𝑥2 − σ 𝑥 2 𝑛 σ 𝑦2 − σ 𝑦 2 0 < 𝑟 < 0.4 Weak, positive
relationship
−0.4 < 𝑟 < 0 Weak, negative
But for this course, you will be allowed to relationship
simply use a software for calculating the −0.8 < 𝑟 < −0.4 Moderate, negative
relationship
correlation coefficient 𝑟. In particular, you
−1 < 𝑟 < −0.8 Strong, negative
are expected to apply jamovi for this. relationship
 The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (or Pearson
correlation coefficient, for short) is a measure of the strength of a linear
association between two variables and is denoted by r. Basically, a
Pearson product-moment correlation attempts to draw a line of best fit
through the data of two variables, and the Pearson correlation
coefficient, r, indicates how far away all these data points are to this line
of best fit (i.e., how well the data points fit this new model/line of best
fit).
End of TOPIC 22!

REMELYN L. ASAHID-CHENG