25/10/23, 8:54 Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.

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Malvaceae (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000208-2) Ceiba (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30003311-2)

Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.

First published in Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 244 (1791)

This species is accepted

The native range of this species is Mexico to Tropical America. It is a tree and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome. It is used as animal
food, a poison, a medicine and invertebrate food, has environmental uses and social uses and for fuel and food.

Taxonomy (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1166232-2) Images (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1166232-2/images) General information (/taxo

Distribution Synonyms Publications Other data

Distribution
KBD

Native Introduced

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25/10/23, 8:54 Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science
Native to:
Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil West-Central, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador,
French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest,
Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panamá, Peru, Puerto Rico, Southwest Caribbean, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago,
Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is.

Introduced into:
Andaman Is., Angola, Assam, Bangladesh, Benin, Burkina, Burundi, Cabinda, Cambodia, Cameroon, Caroline Is., Central African Repu, Chad, Chagos
Archipelago, China South-Central, China Southeast, Comoros, Congo, Cook Is., Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,
Gulf of Guinea Is., India, Ivory Coast, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Marianas, Marquesas, Marshall Is., Mozambique, Nauru, Nicobar Is.,
Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Samoa, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Society Is., Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Tanzania, Thailand, Tonga, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is.,
Uganda, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre

Synonyms
Has 33 Synonyms
KB

Homotypic Synonyms
Bombax occidentale Spreng. (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:559162-1) in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 3: 124 (1826), nom. illeg.
Bombax pentandrum L. (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:317689-2) in Sp. Pl.: 511 (1753)
Ceiba anfractuosa M.Gómez (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:2707356-4) in Bol. Secr. Agric. Comerc. Trab., Cuba 22: 66 (1914), nom. superfl.
Ceiba casearia Medik. (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:559279-1) in Malvenfam.: 16 (1787), nom. superfl.
Ceiba occidentalis Burkill (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:112333-1) in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 317 (1935), nom. superfl.
Eriodendron anfractuosum DC. (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:559540-1) in Prodr. 1: 479 (1824), nom. superfl.
Eriodendron occidentale G.Don (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:559547-1) in Gen. Hist. 1: 513 (1831), nom. superfl.
Eriodendron pentandrum (L.) Kurz (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:559549-1) in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 43: 113 (1874)
Gossampinus alba Buch.-Ham. (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:559648-1) in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 15: 126 (1827), nom. superfl.
Xylon pentandrum (L.) Kuntze (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:564943-1) in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 75 (1891)

Heterotypic Synonyms
Bombax cumanense Kunth (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:559125-1) in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 5: 300 (1822)
Bombax guineense Schumach. (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:2679133-4) in Beskr. Guin. Pl.: 302 (1827)
Bombax inerme L. (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:2679142-4) in Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1141 (1759)
Bombax mompoxense Kunth (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:559160-1) in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 5: 300 (1822)
Bombax orientale Spreng. (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:559164-1) in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 3: 124 (1826)
Bombax plumosum Noronha (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:559171-1) in Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 5(4): 8 (1790), nom. nud.
Ceiba caribaea (DC.) A.Chev. (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:51062-2) in Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 17: 266 (1937)
Ceiba guineensis (Schumach.) A.Chev. (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:112332-1) in Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 17: 261 (1937)
Ceiba guineensis var. ampla A.Chev. (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:2875715-4) in Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 17: 262 (1937)
Ceiba guineensis var. clausa A.Chev. (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:2875716-4) in Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 17: 264 (1937)
Ceiba pentandra f. albolana Ulbr. (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:2875718-4) in Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 30 (1913)
Ceiba pentandra var. caribaea (DC.) Bakh. (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:51075-2) in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 6: 196 (1924)
Ceiba pentandra f. grisea Ulbr. (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:2875719-4) in Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 30 (1913)
Ceiba pentandra var. indica Bakh. (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:2875720-4) in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 3, 6: 196 (1924)
Ceiba thonningii A.Chev. (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:112335-1) in Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 17: 249 (1937)
Eriodendron anfractuosum var. africanum DC. (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:2875722-4) in Prodr. 1: 479 (1824)
Eriodendron anfractuosum var. caribaeum DC. (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:94517-2) in Prodr. 1: 479 (1824)
Eriodendron anfractuosum var. guianense Sagot (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:94518-2) in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 6, 11: 153 (1881)
Eriodendron anfractuosum var. indicum DC. (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:2875721-4) in Prodr. 1: 479 (1824)

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Eriodendron caribaeum (DC.) G.Don (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:559541-1) in J.C.Loudon, Hort. Brit.: 292 (1830)
Eriodendron guineense (Schumach.) G.Don (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:559543-1) in J.C.Loudon, Hort. Brit.: 292 (1830)
Eriodendron orientale Kostel. (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:559548-1) in Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 5: 1875 (1836)
Gossampinus rumphii Schott & Endl. (/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:559650-1) in Melet. Bot.: 35 (1832)

Publications
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POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.

Balick, M. J., M. H. Nee & D.E. Atha (2000). Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 85: 1-246.

Barooah, C. & Ahmed, I. (2014). Plant diversity of Assam. A checklist of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms: 1-599. Assam science technology and
environment council, India.
Barry, J. P. & Celles, J.S. (1991). Flore de Mauritanie 1: 1-359. Centre Regional de Documentation Pedagogique, Nice.

Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.

Berendsohn, W.G., Gruber, A.K. & Monterrosa Salomón, J. (2009). Nova silva cusatlantica. Árboles nativos e introduciados de El Salvador. Parte
1: Angiospermae - Familias A a L. Englera 29-1: 1-438.

Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of
Guyana, Georgetown.
Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire
des Pays Tropicaux.
Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 3: 1-89. ORSTROM, Bangui.
Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the
Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Catarino, L., Martins, E.S., Diniz, M.A. & Pinto-Basto, M.F. (2006). Check-list da flora vascular do parque natural das Lagos de Cufada (Guiné-
Bissau). Garcia de Orta, Série de Botânica 17: 97-141.
Correa A., Mireya D. Galdames, Carmen Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. S. de Stapf (2004). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Panamá:
1-599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.
Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing,
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Dassanayake (ed.) (1980). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 1: 1-508. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Edwards, S., Tadesse, M. & Hedberg, I. (eds.) (1995). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 2(2): 1-456. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University,
Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
Exell, A.W. & Wild, H. (eds.) (1961). Flora Zambesiaca 1(2): 337-581. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.

Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe.
Bothalia, A Journal of Botanical Research 41: 41-82.

Florence, J. (2004). Flore de la Polynésie Française 2: 1-503. IRD editions, Paris.

Fosberg, F.R. (1975). Vascular plants of Aitutaki. Atoll Research Bulletin 190: 73-84.

Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of
Guam 15: 41-295.
Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de
especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.

Gonzalez, F., Nelson Diaz, J. & Lowry, P. (1995). Flora Illustrada de San Andrés y Providencia: 1-281. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto
de Ciencias Naturales, Colombia.
Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S.,
Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist
of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].

Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.

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Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de
Venezuela.

Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. & Keay, R.W.J. (1954-1958). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 1: 1-828.
Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-
939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.

Jongkind, C. (2014). Fauna & Flora of Liberia, flowering plant species list www.liberianfaunaflora.org (http://www.liberianfaunaflora.org).
Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the
Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Kalema, J. & Beentje, H. (2012). Conservation checklist of the trees of Uganda: 1-235. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Lebrun, J.-P., Audru, J., Gaston, A. & Mosnier, M. (1972). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Tchad Méridional: 1-289. Institut d' Elevage et de
Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
Lebrun, J.P., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de
Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.

Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.

Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.
Mao, A.A. & Dash, S.S. (2020). Flowering Plants of India an Annotated Checklist (Dicotyledons) 1: 1-970. Botanical Survey of India.

Molino, J.-F., Sabatier, D., Grenand, P., Engel, J., Frame, D., Delprete, P.G., Fleury, M., Odonne, G., Davy, D., Lucas, E.J. & Martin, C.A. (2022). An
annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature. Adansonia, sér. 3, 44: 345-903.
Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa,
Honduras.
Niembro Rocas, A., Vázquez Torres, M. & Sáchez Sáchez, O. (2010). Árboles de Veracruz 100 especies para la reforstación estratégica: 1-253.
Gombierno del Estado de Veracruz, México.

Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon,
Yaoundé.
Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic
Botany 32: 403-500.
Peyre de Fabregues, B. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1976). Catalogue des Plantes Vascularies du Niger: 1-433. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire
des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.

Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
Robyns, W. & al. (eds.) (1948-1963). Flore du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi 1-10.
Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.

Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon. Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.
Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.

Thaman, R.R., Fosberg, F.R., Manner, H.I. & Hassall, D.C. (1994). The Flora of Nauru. Atoll Research Bulletin 392: 1-223.
Thiombiano, A., Schmidt, M., Dressler, S., Ouédraogo, A., Hahn, K. & Zizka, G. (2012). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Burkina Faso.
Boissiera 65: 1-391.
Velayos, M., Barberá, P., Cabezas, F.J., de la Estrella, M., Fero, M. & Aedo, C. (2014). Checklist of the vascular plants of Annobón (Equatorial
Guinea). Phytotaxa 171: 1-78.

Villaseñor, J.L. (2016). Checklist of the native vascular plants of Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 559-902.
Wood, J.R.I. (1997). A handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Wu, Z., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D. (eds.) (2007). Flora of China 12: 1-534. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad
Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co (http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co)

Useful Plants of Boyacá Project

Carvajal, L., Ariza, W., Caro, L., Valero, N. (2014). Especies forestales representativas del Sur Oriente de Boyacá. Universidad Distrital Francisco
José de Caldas, Colombia

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Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia.
2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Castro, C. (Proveedor de
metadatos), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). Versión 11.0. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?
r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014 (http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014)

Kew’s Economic Botany collection in The State of the World’s Plants Report–2016. (2016). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
https://stateoftheworldsplants.org/2016 (https://stateoftheworldsplants.org/2016/)
López-Camacho, R., Pulido, E., Diaz, J. (2016). APP Especies Maderables Versión 2 [online application software]. Retrieved from
http://itunes.apple.com (http://itunes.apple.com)

Flora of West Tropical Africa

Aubrév. Fl. For. C. Iv. 2: 228, t. 216

Bakhuizen in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., sér. 3, 6: 194 (q.v. for synonymy)

Fl. For. Soud.-Guin. 169.

Fruct. 2: 244, t. 133, fig. 1 (1791)

Kew Backbone Distributions

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
Balick, M. J., M. H. Nee & D.E. Atha (2000). Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 85: 1-246.
Barooah, C. & Ahmed, I. (2014). Plant diversity of Assam. A checklist of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms: 1-599. Assam science technology and
environment council, India.

Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.

Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of
Guyana, Georgetown.
Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire
des Pays Tropicaux.

Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the
Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Catarino, L., Martins, E.S., Diniz, M.A. & Pinto-Basto, M.F. (2006). Check-list da flora vascular do parque natural das Lagos de Cufada (Guiné-
Bissau). Garcia de Orta, Série de Botânica 17: 97-141.
Correa A., Mireya D. Galdames, Carmen Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. S. de Stapf (2004). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Panamá:
1-599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.

Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing,
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Dassanayake (ed.) (1980). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 1: 1-508. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

Edwards, S., Tadesse, M. & Hedberg, I. (eds.) (1995). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 2(2): 1-456. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University,
Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.

Exell, A.W. & Wild, H. (eds.) (1961). Flora Zambesiaca 1(2): 337-581. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe.
Bothalia, A Journal of Botanical Research 41: 41-82.
Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of
Guam 15: 41-295.
Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.

Gonzalez, F., Nelson Diaz, J. & Lowry, P. (1995). Flora Illustrada de San Andrés y Providencia: 1-281. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto
de Ciencias Naturales, Colombia.
Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. & Keay, R.W.J. (1954-1958). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 1: 1-828.

Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.

Jongkind, C. (2014). Fauna & Flora of Liberia, flowering plant species list www.liberianfaunaflora.org (http://www.liberianfaunaflora.org).
Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the
Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Kalema, J. & Beentje, H. (2012). Conservation checklist of the trees of Uganda: 1-235. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

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Lebrun, J.-P., Audru, J., Gaston, A. & Mosnier, M. (1972). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Tchad Méridional: 1-289. Institut d' Elevage et de
Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.

Lebrun, J.P., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de
Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.

Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao
PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.

Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon,
Yaoundé.

Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic
Botany 32: 403-500.

Peyre de Fabregues, B. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1976). Catalogue des Plantes Vascularies du Niger: 1-433. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire
des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.

Robyns, W. & al. (eds.) (1948-1963). Flore du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi 1-10.

Sheppard, C.R.C. & Seaward, M.R.D. (eds.) (1999). Ecology of the Chagos archipelago: 1-350. Westbury Academic & Scientific Publishing, Otley.

Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
Thaman, R.R., Fosberg, F.R., Manner, H.I. & Hassall, D.C. (1994). The Flora of Nauru. Atoll Research Bulletin 392: 1-223.
Thulin, M. (ed.) in Thulin, M. (ed.) (1999). Flora of Somalia 2: 1-303. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Villaseñor, J.L. (2016). Checklist of the native vascular plants of Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 559-902.

Wood, J.R.I. (1997). A handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Wu, Z., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D. (eds.) (2007). Flora of China 12: 1-534. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
Yuncker, T.G. (1959). Plants of Tonga. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 220: 1-283.

Flora of Somalia

Flora Somalia, Vol 2, (1999) Author: by M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]

Flora of Tropical East Africa

F. White, Forest Flora of Northern Rhodesia p. 243 (1962).

Gaertner, Fruct. & Sem. 2: 244, t. 133 (1791).
J.-F. Villiers in Fl. Gabon 22: 36, t. 10 (1973)
J.-F. Villiers, Fl. Cameroun 19: 76, t. 21 (1975).
J.P.M. Brenan, Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire no. 5, part II, Tanganyika Territory p. 75 (1949).

Keay, Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 1: 335 (1958).

Robyns in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 51: 48 (1964).

Robyns in Flore du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi, 10: 204 (1963)

Wild & Gonçalves in Fl. Moçamb. 26:10, t. 1B (1979).

Wild in Flora Zambesiaca 1: 516, t. 97B (1961).

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

Bernal, R., G. Galeano, A. Rodríguez, H. Sarmiento y M. Gutiérrez. (2017). Nombres Comunes de las Plantas de Colombia.
http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/nombrescomunes (http://www.biovirtual.unal.edu.co/nombrescomunes/)

Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn (https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn)

Burkill HM. (1995). The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. 1-3. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols 1-3.

Cámara-Leret, R., & Dennehy, Z. (2019). Information gaps in indigenous and local knowledge for science-policy assessments. Nature
Sustainability 2:736-741.

Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.

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25/10/23, 8:54 Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science
Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M.,
Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.

FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?

homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants (https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?
homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/)
GBIF.org (http://GBIF.org) (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup (https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-
lookup)
GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov
(https://www.ars-grin.gov/)

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Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia.
2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N.
(Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014 (http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?
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8256 especies. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=le_plantaspriorizadas_2019 (http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?
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(Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014 (http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?
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Plants Project. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 60:668-683.

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Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

IPNI - The International Plant Names Index (http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=1166232-2)

Herbarium Catalogue (75 records)

Identified Type Has

Date Reference As Barcode Status image?

Jan 1, Gómez Chalaga, B. [894], K001259003 No

2009 Mexico

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Identified Type Has

Date Reference As Barcode Status image?

Jan 1, Sasaki, D. [2527], Mato K000579741 No

2009 Grosso

Jun 1, Jones, B.L. [243], Sabah K000224951 No

2008

Jan 1, Ibarra M., G. [5975], Mexico K001259001 No

2008

Jan 1, Ibarra M., G. [5975], Mexico K001259002 No

2008

Jan 2, Barbon et al. [1863], K000223738 No

2006 Philippines

Oct 1, Cheek, M. [11067], K000337780 No

2005 Cameroon

Oct 1, Etuge, M. [5215], Cameroon K000337781 No

2005

Oct 1, Etuge, M. [5215], Cameroon K000338423 No

2005

Jul 28, Daramola, B.O. [206], Nigeria K000211505 No

1993

Jul 28, Daramola, B.O. [206], Nigeria K000211504 No

1993

Jul 28, Daramola, B.O. [206], Nigeria K000211507 No

1993

Jan 1, Bullock, S.H. [1550], Mexico K000724037 No

1985

Jan 1, Bullock, S.H. [1550], Mexico K000724038 No

1985

Jan 1, Morton [3675], Sierra Leone K000211492 No

1966

Milne-Redhead, E. [5019], 15359.000 No

Nigeria

McWinter, J. [42], 31901.000 No

Madagascar

McWinter, J.H. [42], 32135.000 No

Madagascar

Milliken, W. [M.819], Brazil 54107.000 No

Harris, D.J. [334], Central 55586.000 No

African Republic

Gartlan, J.S. [6], Cameroon 6049.051 No

Mori, S. [19244], Ghana K000211499 No

Pennington, T.D. [9527], K000724034 No

Mexico

Batten-Poole, W.H. [231], K000211506 No

Nigeria

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Identified Type Has

Date Reference As Barcode Status image?

Welwitsch [5408], Angola K001259227 No

Foster, E.W. [372], Nigeria K000211513 No

Mildbraed, G. W. J. [10552], K000095000 No

Cameroon

Simá, P. [1974], Mexico K000724035 No

Chapman, H.M. [3807], K000211503 No

Nigeria

Davey, J.T. [45], Mali K000211490 Yes

Hinds [1841], Mexico K000724031 No

Palmer, E. [603], Mexico K000724028 No

Espirito Santo, J. [1730], K000211489 No

Guinea-Bissau

Darko, K.O. [2045], Ghana K000211496 No

Vigne, C. [3469], Ghana K000211510 No

Chevalier, A.J.B. [23689], K000211516 No

Benin

Kersting [710], Togo K000211501 No

Attafuah, A. [5107], Ghana K000211498 No

Palmer, E. [603], Mexico K000724029 No

Irvine, F.R. [1832], Ghana K000211512 No

Foster, E.W. [372], Nigeria K000211514 No

Pennington, T.D. [9461], K000724033 No

Mexico

Welwitsch [5404], Angola K001259230 No

Rosevear, D. R. [80/37], K000105003 No

Cameroon

Baldwin, J.T. Jr. [10659], K000211493 No

Liberia

Rose, J.N. [1887], Mexico K000724032 No

Palmer, E. [103], Mexico K000724030 No

Frith, A.C. [162], Gambia K000211508 No

Wit, H.C.D. de [7918], Côte K000211494 No

d'Ivoire

Vigne, C. [1539], Ghana K000211497 No

s.coll. [s.n.], Mexico K000724036 No

Irvine, F.R. [1832], Ghana K000211511 No

Chevalier, A.J.B. [23687], K000211517 No

Benin

Kersting [713], Togo K000211502 No

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Identified Type Has

Date Reference As Barcode Status image?

Kersting [709], Togo K000211500 No

Welwitsch [5406], Angola K001259229 No

Unwin, A.H. [21], Nigeria K000211515 No

Welwitsch [5405], Angola K001259228 No

Gartlan, J.S. [6], Cameroon K000105004 No

Latilo, M.G. [34404], Nigeria K000211509 No

Deighton, F.C. [3615], Sierra K000211491 No

Leone

Lowe, J. [s.n.], Cape Verde K000211488 No

Peru K000111977 Yes

Peru K000111980 Yes

Bolivia K001378782 Yes

Colombia. Venezuela K001488355 Yes

Colombia. Venezuela K001488356 Yes

Colombia. Venezuela K001488357 Yes

Colombia. Venezuela K001488358 Yes

Ecuador K001488359 Yes

Ecuador K001488360 Yes

Venezuela K001488361 Yes

Peru K001488362 Yes

Peru K001488363 Yes

Peru K001488364 Yes

Sources

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

Colombian resources for Plants made Accessible

ColPlantA 2021. Published on the Internet at http://colplanta.org
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Flora Zambesiaca
Flora Zambesiaca
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1166232-2 10/12
25/10/23, 8:54 Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science
Flora of Somalia
Flora of Somalia
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

Flora of Tropical East Africa

Flora of Tropical East Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

Flora of West Tropical Africa

Flora of West Tropical Africa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

Herbarium Catalogue Specimens

Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

IUCN Categories
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

Kew Backbone Distributions

The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2023. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and
https://powo.science.kew.org/
© Copyright 2023 World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

Kew Living Collection Database

Common Names from Plants and People Africa http://www.plantsandpeopleafrica.com/

Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone

The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2023. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and
https://powo.science.kew.org/
© Copyright 2023 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

Kew Science Photographs

Copyright applied to individual images

Neotropikey
Milliken, W., Klitgard, B. and Baracat, A. (2009 onwards), Neotropikey - Interactive key and information resources for flowering plants of the
Neotropics.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0

Universidad Nacional de Colombia

ColPlantA database
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0

https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1166232-2 11/12
25/10/23, 8:54 Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science
Useful Plants of Boyacá Project
ColPlantA database
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Wood Anatomy Microscope Slides

Digital Image © Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

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