EXPERIMENT 4

MEASUREMENT OF VISCOSITY
PRELAB EXERCISES

NAME: Caralde, Jantoc, Trinidad DATE: 21 March 2023

PROFFESOR: Dr. Arturo Tapas SCORE:

1. Define viscosity and discuss the effect of pressure and temperature on the viscosities
of liquids and gases.

Viscosity refers to a fluid's resistance to flow and is determined by its internal

frictional forces. It applies to both gases and liquids and is influenced by factors like
intermolecular forces, molecule collisions, and temperature. A higher viscosity indicates
greater resistance to flow, while lower viscosity means the fluid flows more easily. The
viscosity of both liquids and gases is influenced by pressure and temperature, but the
effects of these factors differ between the two types of fluids. When the pressure on a
liquid is increased, its viscosity increases due to an increase in intermolecular interactions
and frictional forces. Conversely, when the temperature of a liquid is raised, its viscosity
decreases because the molecules have more kinetic energy, which reduces the internal
frictional forces. In gases, however, an increase in pressure results in more collisions
between gas molecules, increasing frictional forces and causing viscosity to increase. As
for temperature, rising it leads to an increase in kinetic energy and more collisions
between gas molecules, which increases internal frictional forces and results in an
increase in gas viscosity.

2. What are the SI and AES units for viscosity?

Viscosity is measured using different units depending on the system of

measurement being used. The International System of Units (SI) measures viscosity in
Pascal-second (Pa·s) or Newton-second per square meter (N·s/m²), while the
Centimeter-Gram-Second (CGS) unit of measurement uses poise (P) or dyne-second per
square centimeter (dyn·s/cm²). Meanwhile, the American Engineering System (AES) unit
of measurement uses the centipoise (cP) or the Saybolt Universal Second (SUS), with the
centipoise being equivalent to the poise and the SUS being a measure of the time it takes
for a fixed volume of fluid to flow through a calibrated tube under specific conditions.
3. The time of efflux of water through an Ostwald viscosimeter is 0.60 minutes. For the
same volume of an organic liquid of density 1.75 g/ml the time is 1.25 minutes. Find
its absolute viscosity at 20° C is 1 cP.

Given Data:
Runoff time for water: 𝑡𝑤 = 0. 60𝑚𝑖𝑛

Runoff time of organic liquid: = 1. 25𝑚𝑖𝑛

1𝑔
Density of water: 𝑑𝑤 = 𝑚𝐿

1.75𝑔
Density of organic liquid: 𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑔 = 𝑚𝐿

Absolute viscosity of water: η𝑤 = 1𝑐𝑃

𝑑𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡×𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑔
(1.75 𝑚𝐿 )(1.25𝑚𝑖𝑛)
η𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 = η𝑤 × 𝑑𝑤×𝑡𝑤
= (1𝑐𝑃)( 𝑔 = 3. 65 𝑐𝑃
(1 𝑚𝐿 )(0.60𝑚𝑖𝑛)