Lectures 22 & 23

The Ear

15-1
Basic Regions of the Ear

Fig. 19.19
15-2
 Inner Ear
• Hearing and Balance • Membranous
Labyrinth
• Bony Lymphs
– Cochlea: ______________________ • Endolymph
– Vestibule: _____________________ – _____________
– Semicircular canals: _____________ _____________
• Perilymph
– _____________
_____________
_____________

Fig. 19.21 15-3

Structure of Cochlea

Fig. 19.26
15-4
 Structure of Cochlea
• Spiral organ
(_____________________)
– Hair cells
• Stereocilia (microvilli)
– Tectorial membrane
• ______________________

Fig. 19.26

15-5
Fig. 19.27

15-6
 Balance
Two structural and functional components of balance in inner ear
1. Stationary Position and Linear Movement of Head
• _____________________________________________________
• Detects ______________________________________________
• Utricle and saccule
– Maculae: Hair cells embedded in otolithic membrane containing otoliths

Fig. 19.22 15-7

Vestibule in Maintaining Balance

Fig. 19.23

15-8
 Balance
2. Rotational Movements
of Head
– ___________________
___________________
___________________
– 3 semicircular canals
• _________________
– Crista ampullaris
– Hair cells
– _______________

Fig. 19.24
Vestibular nerve + Cochlear nerve = __________________________
15-9
Crista Ampullaris and Balance

Fig. 19.25

15-10
 Points to Remember
• Inner ear functions for hearing and balance.
• Sound waves enter the external auditory canal,
impact tympanic membrane, vibrate middle ear
ossicles, strike oval window, create waves in
perilymph of scala vestibuli, increase pressure in
endolymph in cochlear duct, membrane supporting
hair cells vibrates, hair cells stimulated, vibrations
transferred to perilymph of scala tympani, travel to
round window and dampened.

15-11
 Points to Remember
• Static balance is orientation of body relative to
pull of gravity - maculae of utricle and saccule
(static labyrinth) are sense organs of static
balance.
• Kinetic balance is maintenance of body position in
response to movement - crista ampullaris in
semicircular canals (kinetic labyrinth) are sense
organs of kinetic balance.

15-12
Questions?

15-13