BECM 4151

Sustainable Materials & Green Buildings

Faruque Abdullah
Lecturer, Dept. of BECM, RUET
Class Lecture – 07
Date: 07-07-2021
Optimum Selection of Energy Sources
Forms of Energy:
✓ Radiation energy: The radiation from the sun contains energy, and also the radiation from a
light or a fire. More solar energy is available when the radiation is more intense and when it is
collected over a larger area. Light is the visible part of radiation.
✓ Chemical energy: Wood and oil contain energy in a chemical form. The same is true for all
other material that can burn. The content of chemical energy is larger, the larger the heating
value (calorific value) of the material is and, of course, the more material we have. Also
animate energy (delivered by bodies of human beings and animals) is, in essence, chemical
energy. Furthermore, batteries contain chemical energy.
✓ Potential energy: This is, for example, the energy of a water reservoir at a certain height. The
water has the potential to fall, and therefore contains a certain amount of energy. More
potential energy is available when there is more water and when it is at a higher height.
Forms of Energy:
✓ Kinetic energy: This is the energy of movement, as in wind or in a water stream. The faster
the stream flows and the more water it has, the more energy it can deliver. Similarly, more
wind energy is available at higher wind speeds, and more of it can be tapped by bigger
windmill rotors.
✓ Thermal energy or heat: This is indicated by temperature. The higher the temperature, the
more energy is present in the form of heat. Also, a larger body contains more heat.
✓ Mechanical energy or rotational energy or shaft power: This is the energy of a rotating shaft.
The amount of energy available depends on the flywheel of the shaft, i.e.:. on the power
which makes the shaft rotate
✓ Electrical energy: A dynamo or generator and a battery can deliver electrical energy. The
higher the voltage and the current, the more electrical energy is made available.
Relation Between “Utilising Energy” & “Generating Energy”:
"Utilising energy" always means converting energy from one form into another. For instance, in
space heating, we utilise energy, that is, we convert chemical energy of wood into heat. Or, in lift
irrigation, a diesel engine converts chemical energy of oil into mechanical energy for powering
the shaft of a pump which, in its turn, converts shaft power into potential energy of water (i.e.
bringing the water to a higher height).

"Generating energy" also means converting energy from one form into another. We can say that a
diesel engine generates energy, which means that the engine converts chemical energy of oil into
mechanical energy. Also, a wind turbine generates energy, which means it converts kinetic energy
from wind into mechanical energy. And a solar photovoltaic cell generates energy by converting
radiation energy into electricity.
Relation Between “Utilising Energy” & “Generating Energy”:
The generation of energy, in fact, deals with a source of energy, whereas the utilisation of energy
serves an end-use of energy. In between, the energy can flow through a number of conversion
steps. The words "generation" and "utilisation" are a little confusing because, in fact, no energy
can be created or destroyed. All we can do is transform or convert energy from one form into
another. In generating energy, we make energy available from a source, by converting it into
another form. In utilising energy, we also convert energy, often from some intermediate form into
a useful form. In all conversions, we find that part of the energy is lost. This does not mean that it
is destroyed, but rather that it is lost for our purposes, through dissipation in the form of heat or
otherwise
Energy → Converter → Energy + Loss
Energy & Power:
Energy and power are related but totally different concepts. A tank of petrol contains a certain
amount of energy. We can combust this petrol in a certain time period, that is, we convert the
energy of the petrol into mechanical energy, perhaps to power a car. The power is the energy
produced per unit of time. The combustion process can be fast or slow. In the case of faster
combustion, more power is produced. Obviously, the tank will be empty sooner in the case of
high power production than in the case of low power production. If power is energy per time
unit, then energy is power multiplied by time period.
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
Power =
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
Energy = Power x time
Energy Source
This list only contains primary energy sources. These are the energy sources which are present in
our natural environment. Secondary energy sources, like batteries, are not included here. We
observe that the primary energy sources are not the ultimate sources of energy. For instance,
animate energy comes from biomass, whereas biomass energy ultimately comes from the sun.
Apart from geothermal and nuclear energy, all our so-called primary energy sources have
ultimately got their energy from the sun!
✓ Biomass: We distinguish between: woody biomass (stems, branches, shrubs, hedges, twigs),
non-woody biomass (stalks, leaves, grass, etc.), and crop residues (bagasse, husks, stalks,
shells, cobs, etc.). The energy is converted through combustion (burning), gasification
(transformation into gas) or anaerobic digestion (biogas production). Combustion and
gasification ideally require dry biomass, whereas anaerobic digestion can very well take wet
biomass. Fuel preparations can include chopping, mixing, drying, carbonizing (i.e. charcoal
making) and briquetting (i.e. densification of residues of crops and other biomass).
Energy Source
✓ Dung: Dung from animals, and human excreta. The energy is converted through direct
combustion or through anaerobic digestion.
✓ Animate energy: This is the energy which can be delivered by human beings and animals by
doing work.
✓ Solar radiation: Solar radiation i.e. energy from the sun. We distinguish between direct beam
radiation and diffuse (reflected) radiation. Direct radiation is only collected when the collector
faces the sun. Diffuse radiation is less intense, but comes from all directions, and is also
present on a cloudy day. Solar energy can be converted through thermal solar devices
(generating heat) or through photovoltaic cells (generating electricity). Direct beam solar
devices (whether thermal or photovoltaic) would need a tracking mechanism to have the
device continuously facing the sun.
Energy Source
✓ Hydro resources: Hydro resources i.e. energy from water reservoirs and streams. We
distinguish between: lakes with storage dams, natural heads (waterfalls), weirs, and run-of-
river systems. Hydro energy can be converted by waterwheels or hydro turbines.
✓ Wind energy: Wind energy, i.e. energy from wind. Wind machines can be designed either for
electricity generating or for water lifting (for irrigation and drinking water).
✓ Fossil fuels: Fossil fuels, like coal, oil and natural gas. Unlike the previous energy sources, the
fossil energy sources are non-renewable.
✓ Geothermal energy: That is, the energy contained in the form of heat in the earth. A distinction
is made between tectonic plates (in volcanic areas) and geo-pressed reservoirs (could be
anywhere). Geothermal energy is, strictly speaking, non-renewable, but the amount of heat in
the earth is so large that for practical reasons geothermal energy is generally ranked with the
renewables. Geothermal energy can only be tapped at places where high earth temperatures
come close to the earth's surface.
Primary energy is the energy as it is available in the natural environment, i.e. the primary source
of energy.
Secondary energy is the energy ready for transport or transmission.
Final energy is the energy which the consumer buys or receives.
Useful energy is the energy which is an input in an end-use application.
Energy Balance:
An energy balance of a region (or country) is a set of relationships accounting for all energy which
is produced, transformed and consumed in a certain period. An energy balance usually refers to a
year, and can be made for consecutive years to show time variations. Energy balances can be
aggregate, or very detailed, depending on their functions. They can also be elaborate, showing all
sorts of structural relationships between energy production and consumption, and specifying
various Intermediate forms of energy. Basic equation of an primary energy balance is:
Source + Import = Export + Variation of stock + Use + Loss
✓ Sources are the local (or national) primary energy sources, like coal, hydro, biomass, animate,
etc.
✓ Imports are energy sources which come from outside the region (or country).
✓ Exports go to other regions (or countries).
Energy Balance:
✓ Variations of stock are reductions of stocks (like of forests, coal, etc.), and storage.
✓ Use can be specified sectoral, or by energy form, or by end-use, etc., as required.
✓ Losses are technical losses and administrative losses:
❖ Technical losses are due to conversions and transport or transmission
❖ Administrative losses are due to non-registered consumptions.
Performance Ratings of Green Buildings
Environmental Performance of Rated Green Building:
One of the most important types of benefit green buildings offer is to our climate and the natural
environment. Green buildings can not only reduce or eliminate negative impacts on the environment,
by using less water, energy or natural resources, but they can - in many cases - have a positive impact
on the environment (at the building or city scales) by generating their own energy or increasing
biodiversity.
✓ At a global level:
❖ The building sector has the largest potential for significantly reducing greenhouse gas
emissions compared to other major emitting sectors – UNEP, 2009.
❖ This emissions savings potential is said to be as much as 84 giga tones of 𝐶𝑂2 (GT 𝐶𝑂2 ) by
2050, through direct measures in buildings such as energy efficiency, fuel switching and the
use of renewable energy – UNEP, 2016.
❖ The building sector has the potential to make energy savings of 50% or more in 2050, in
support of limiting global temperature rises to 2°C (above pre-industrial levels) – UNEP,
2016.
Environmental Performance of Rated Green Building:
✓ At a building level:
❖ Green buildings achieving the Green Star certification in Australia have been shown to
produce 62% fewer greenhouse gas emissions than average Australian buildings, and 51% less
potable water than if they had been built to meet minimum industry requirements.
❖ Green buildings certified by the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) results in energy
savings of 40 - 50% and water savings of 20 - 30% compared to conventional buildings in
India.
❖ Green buildings achieving the Green Star certification in South Africa have been shown to
save on average between 30 - 40% energy and carbon emissions every year, and between 20 -
30% potable water every year, when compared to the industry norm.
❖ Green buildings achieving the LEED certification in the US and other countries have been
shown to consume 25 per cent less energy and 11 per cent less water, than non-green
buildings.
Economical Performance of Rated Green Building:
Green buildings offer a number of economic or financial benefits, which are relevant to a range
of different people or groups of people. These include cost savings on utility bills for tenants or
households (through energy and water efficiency); lower construction costs and higher property
value for building developers; increased occupancy rates or operating costs for building owners;
and job creation.
✓ At a global level:
❖ Global energy efficiency measures could save an estimated €280 to €410 billion in
savings on energy spending (and the equivalent to almost double the annual electricity
consumption of the United States) – European Commission, 2015.
Economical Performance of Rated Green Building:
✓ At a country level:
❖ Canada’s green building industry generated $23.45 billion in GDP and represented nearly
300,000 full-time jobs in 2014 – Canada Green Building Council / The Delphi Group,
2016.
❖ Green building is projected to account for more than 3.3 million U.S. jobs by 2018 – US
Green Building Council / Booz Allen Hamilton, 2015.
✓ At a building level:
❖ Building owners report that green buildings - whether new or renovated - command a 7
per cent increase in asset value over traditional buildings – Dodge Data & Analytics,
2016.
Social Performance of Rated Green Building:
Green building benefits go beyond economics and the environment, and have been shown to
bring positive social impacts too. Many of these benefits are around the health and wellbeing of
people who work in green offices or live in green homes.
❖ Workers in green, well-ventilated offices record a 101 per cent increase in cognitive scores
(brain function) - Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health / Syracuse University Center of
Excellence / SUNY Upstate Medical School, 2015.
❖ Employees in offices with windows slept an average of 46 minutes more per night - American
Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2013.
❖ Research suggests that better indoor air quality (low concentrations of 𝐶𝑂2 and pollutants, and
high ventilation rates) can lead to improvements in performance of up to 8 per cent–Park and
Yoon, 2011.
Our Better Places for People project focuses on creating buildings which are not only good for
the environment, but also support healthier, happier and more productive lives.
Advantages of Green Building:
✓ Green buildings are energy-efficient
✓ Higher fraction of eco-friendly materials
✓ Water-efficient devices
✓ Reduction in waste
✓ More efficient recycling
✓ Less air pollution
✓ Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions
✓ Protection of our natural resources
✓ Emphasis on renewable energies
✓ Concept takes the whole life cycle of a building into account
✓ Daylighting is utilized as best as possible
✓ Use of renewable plant materials
Advantages of Green Building:
✓ Use of recycled metals and other construction materials
✓ Improvements in indoor air quality
✓ Use of compost bins
✓ Rainwater collection
✓ Overall health improvements
✓ Higher market value
✓ Tax advantages and subsidies
✓ Smart long-term investment
✓ Compliance with stricter laws and regulations
✓ Clean conscience
Downsides of Green Building:
✓ High initial costs
✓ Green construction is not a magic pill
✓ Energy supply may depend on weather conditions
✓ Unclear long-term effects
✓ Technology problems
✓ Maintenance may be difficult
✓ Indoor air temperature may greatly vary over time
✓ Some people might not like the design of green buildings
✓ Experienced green construction workers may be rare
✓ Green construction is not suitable for all locations
✓ Availability issues of green construction materials
✓ Funding problems for green buildings
Top 10 Green Building Pros & Cons – Summary List:
Green Building Pros
Energy-efficiency improvements
Water preservation
Less waste
Better recycling
Protection of our natural resources
Less particle pollution
Less air pollution
Overall health improvements
Higher property value
Sustainable construction practice
Green Building Cons
High construction costs
Technology relatively new and immature
Hard to find qualified workers
Maintenance issues
Technology issues
Unclear long-term effects and risks
Indoor air temperature may vary
Financing may be an issue
Design of green buildings can be exotic
Lack of availability of green materials
Considerations around green materials for your new green building or
refurbishment:
✓ They come from natural and renewable sources.
✓ They are obtained and managed sustainably.
✓ Locally-sourced materials are often preferable for the reduced environmental impact of
transportation.
✓ Re-used materials prevent the environmental degradation and energy requirements of the constant
supply of new raw materials. You can also procure new materials made from recycled content.
✓ Check whether the material itself is recyclable or reusable.
✓ The longevity of the material. The more regularly it needs to be replaced, the less sustainable it is.
On this point, also look at whether certain qualities or features of the material have a shelf-life
too.
✓ Evaluate the waste profile attached to the material and opt for minimal waste wherever possible.
Why Should Buildings Have LEED Certification?
To become a LEED-certified building, it must be built in a way that is gentle on our
environment and low in maintenance. LEED-certified buildings are healthier and more
productive places. They are energy and resource-efficient, and provide monetary savings in the
form of increased building value, higher occupancy rates, and lower utility costs.

According to the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), buildings in the United States
account for 38% of all CO2 emissions, 13.6% of all potable water, and 73% of US electricity
consumption. However, LEED projects have been able to divert over 80 million tons of waste
from landfills.
Top Benefits of Having a LEED-Certified Property:
✓ Reduce Energy, Resources & Operating Costs: Not only are LEED buildings
environmentally-friendly to build, they also continue to save on operating and maintenance
costs. From 2015 to 2018, LEED-certified buildings generated $1.2 billion in energy savings,
$149.5 million in water savings, $715.3 million in maintenance savings, and $54.2 million in
waste savings.
✓ Increase ROI: When compared to non-LEED buildings, LEED-certified buildings tend to
draw in more revenue for property owners. A study of 562 PNC banks found that they opened
up 458 more consumer deposit accounts and had $3,032,000 in consumer deposit balance in
their LEED-certified buildings.
Top Benefits of Having a LEED-Certified Property:
✓ Appeal to Tenants & Increase Property Value: Today’s eco-conscious consumer is looking for
LEED-certification and is happy to pay higher rates for it. New, green buildings fill up with
tenants faster than non-LEED buildings. Vacancy rates are typically 4% lower than non-
LEED buildings. These buildings also tend to command higher rental rates than other
buildings.
✓ Provide a Better Environment for Occupants & Employees: LEED-certified buildings bring in
clean air and daylight, while omitting harmful chemicals like those found in paints, stains,
finishes, and more. This makes the buildings healthier for occupants and they’ve noticed.
Recruitment and retention rates are increasing for employers in LEED-certified buildings and
the over 2.5 million employees currently working in LEED buildings are reporting higher
levels of productivity.
Why It’s Important to Make Sure You Work with a USGBC-Approved
Company?
The U.S. Green Building Council runs the LEED program and it’s available in over 160
countries. It’s a system that’s applicable at the global, regional, and local levels. The LEED
program pushes the construction industry to do better. They demand that buildings create healthy
experiences, conserve resources, and benefit the business’s bottom line.

The process addresses nine important areas through several rounds of public comments and
approval from USGBC members. Based on a building’s score, it will be awarded at one of four
levels of LEED-certification: Certified, Silver, Gold, or Platinum. Working through this system
ensures you are officially LEED-certified.
LEED Certification Minimum Requirements:
The LEED certification process needs to meet at a minimum these requirements:
✓ Be in compliance with environmental regulations and standards
✓ Must meet the threshold of floor area requirements
✓ Meet a minimum of building occupancy in terms of number of users
✓ Maintain a reasonable site boundary
✓ Be a permanent building
✓ Share energy and water usage data
✓ Must have a minimum building to site area ratio
LEED Certification Credit Categories:
In order to earn credits to achieve one of the above categories, the project must meet certain
criteria and goals within the following categories:
✓ Location and transportation - You should take into consideration the location of your project
and how it can be combined with the transportation option within the area, in other words how
the users of the facility can get in and out of the facility.
✓ Materials and Resources - Earn credits by using sustainable and earth-friendly products, while
reducing waste promoting better indoor air quality.
✓ Water efficiency - The building must be designed in such a way that potable water usage is
reduced or resources can be reused, minimizing the needs of water inside the building.
✓ Energy and atmosphere - The building must enhance energy performance and promote great
indoor air and environmental quality.
LEED Certification Credit Categories:
✓ Sustainable sites - Design the project in such a way that the natural resources and ecosystems
nearby can naturally take part of the design minimizing environmental pollution.
✓ Indoor environmental quality - Increase daylight usage and promote natural ventilation.
✓ Innovation - Any idea that is not covered under the five LEED main areas.
✓ Regional priority credits - Addressing any particular concern based on the regional or
geographical location.
✓ LEED for Neighborhood Development provides for a couple of additional credit categories
such as smart location & linkage, neighborhood pattern & design and green infrastructure &
buildings
Operation & Maintenance
of Green Buildings
Throughout a building's life cycle, the operations and maintenance plan /
program / practices should:
✓ Train building occupants, facilities managers, and maintenance staff in sustainable design
principles and methods that will minimize system failures;
✓ Purchase cleaning products and supplies that are resource-efficient, bio-degradable and as safe
as possible for both janitorial staff and building occupants, and thereby ensure good indoor air
quality;
✓ Test sensor control points on a regular basis to ensure energy efficiency is not compromised;
✓ Use automated monitors and controls for energy, water, waste, temperature, moisture, and
ventilation;
Throughout a building's life cycle, the operations and maintenance plan /
program / practices should:
✓ Reduce waste through source reduction, reuse, recycling and/or composting to eliminate
disposal of reusable materials at landfills;
✓ Minimize travel by supporting telecommuting programs and enabling a mobile work
environment;
✓ Perform scheduled energy audits and re-commissioning of systems; and
✓ When updating a facility or its systems, choose higher efficiency equipment and durable
materials that will withstand storms and other natural events, and improve the tightness of the
building envelope if feasible.
O & M of Indoor Air Quality:
✓ Ensure the building maintenance staff is conducting the preventive maintenance on all
building exhaust systems (restrooms, garage exhaust fans, etc.).
✓ Adjust occupancy based systems like HVAC and ventilation to actual occupancy times of the
building or use occupancy-based controls
✓ Retrofit existing cooling systems to run on environmentally friendly refrigerants
✓ Optimize occupant health through indoor air

O & M of Water Management:

✓ Consider sub metering of water systems to identify future opportunities for improvement
✓ Provide training for occupants' use of water efficient fixtures
✓ Provide training for proper maintenance of waterless urinals
O & M of Energy Conservation:
✓ Monitor energy consumption by using the ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager opens in new
window, with precise thresholds for HVAC operations to ensure energy efficiency, comfort,
operation, and productivity
✓ Monitor unnecessary electrical demands, such as from plug loads, and ensure they are
curtailed immediately
✓ Adjust occupancy based systems like HVAC and ventilation to actual occupancy times of the
building or use occupancy-based controls
✓ Provide high degree of responsiveness for equipment malfunctions.
✓ Ask for occupant cooperation in turning off lights as employees leave in the evening and on
weekends. At the same time, encourage cleaning staff to turn off the lights in these same areas
once cleaning is completed
O & M of Energy Conservation:
✓ Explore using day time cleaning to improve air quality and cleanliness of office spaces
✓ Install lighting occupancy sensors in utility closets, mechanical rooms, and restrooms when
space is not used
✓ Set practices for high impact energy use days in summer or winter months, such as closing or
opening blinds and turning off equipment and lights that are not in use all the time (e.g.,
conference rooms, copy area, and kitchens)
✓ Schedule jobs during off-peak electric usage, usually early morning
✓ Replace old fluorescent lighting with higher efficiency alternatives, such as low-mercury
T8/T5 or compact fluorescent bulbs
O & M of Waste Reduction and Management:
✓ Use electronic communications versus printed material for facilities guidelines and
announcements
✓ Institute a program to recycle materials and investigate use of mixed or co-mingled paper,
newspapers, aluminum cans, and plastic bottles
✓ Hold trash and recycling workshops to educate occupants about what can be recycled and
how it's collected
✓ Integrate waste reduction and management with local municipalities
✓ Divert construction waste from landfills and facilitate the recycling of construction waste
through the standardization of processes
Recommendations for Operation & Maintenance of Green Building:
✓ Train Building Occupants, Facilities Managers, And Maintenance Staff In Sustainability
Principles And Methods:
❖ Implement a comprehensive preventive maintenance program to keep all building
systems functioning as designed. See WBDG Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM).
❖ Install utility meters and track progress of applicable energy, water, gas, and waste
systems to optimize performance. It is not possible to benchmark whole building
performance without mapping utility meters.
❖ Provide logistic support and tools to facilities managers and maintenance crews to
calibrate, operate and maintain facilities in accordance with the design intent.
❖ Engage building occupants through surveys, education, clear signage, and incentive
programs.
Recommendations for Operation & Maintenance of Green Building:
❖ Maintain a Certified Energy Manager® (CEM®) on staff to monitor systems, energy
costs and energy conservation initiatives, whenever it is cost effective to do so.
❖ Participate in Energy Star Portfolio Manager to measure and track the building's energy
consumption and water use, as well as the management of construction and demolition
materials during renovation and tenant build-out.
❖ Recognize the potential for highly skilled technical jobs in building controls and
maintenance that high performance sustainable buildings provide. These 21st century
positions can replace the loss of former lower skilled and dangerous "blue collar" jobs
that drove much of the economy of the mid-20th century. Requiring extensive training
and skills, these jobs provide good salaries and job security.
Recommendations for Operation & Maintenance of Green Building:
✓ Purchase Resource-Efficient And Safer Cleaning Products And Maintenance Services:
❖ Use safer cleaners, such as EPA's Design for the Environment (DfE) labeled products, for
better indoor air quality.
❖ Look for products that are concentrated (i.e., use less packaging).
❖ Use integrated pest management (IPM) practices for both facility and landscape
maintenance, to reduce pesticide and herbicide use. IPM has been mandated on federal
property since 1996 by Section 136r-1 of Title 7, United States Code, and is cited in Title
41 of the Code of Federal Regulations (102-74.35) as a required service for agencies
subject to the authority of the General Services Administration (GSA).
❖ Use non-toxic pest control for indoor spaces and potted plants. See also WBDG
Evaluating and Selecting Green Products.
Recommendations for Operation & Maintenance of Green Building:
❖ Keep air ducts clean and free of microorganisms through a structured program of
preventive maintenance and regular filter changes.
❖ Janitorial staff knowledge and training are important to meeting IEQ goals. Janitorial
Service Contracts should meet ASTM E1971 Standard Guide for Stewardship for the
Cleaning of Commercial and Institutional Buildings.
Recommendations for Operation & Maintenance of Green Building:
✓ Automate Energy, Water, Waste, Temperature, Moisture, And Ventilation Monitors And
Controls:
❖ Use schedule, occupancy, or luminance sensors to control lighting and other functions. In
the absence of sensors, turn off lights when not in use.
❖ Use timers for heating/ventilation/air conditioning (HVAC) equipment.
❖ Turn off computers, monitors and other equipment when not in use.
❖ Enable power-down features on office equipment (e.g., Energy Star® computers).
Recommendations for Operation & Maintenance of Green Building:
✓ Reduce Waste Through Source Reduction And Recycling:
❖ Implement a paper reduction strategy, which is integrated with technology and space use
strategies.
❖ Develop and implement a waste management policy for building operation, including an
initial waste generation and recycling assessment, targets for recycling rates, occupant
incentives, and verification on an annual basis as to whether reduction goals are being
met.
❖ Use on-site composting of organic materials.
❖ Adopt green meeting practices. Evaluate potential hotel and conference center venues
that are sustainable in that they recycle, purchase recycled or recyclable items, use non
disposable food and beverage service, have bottle deposits, a plan for leftover food and
meeting materials, and practice water and energy conservation.
Recommendations for Operation & Maintenance of Green Building:
✓ Support Practices That Encourage Sustainable Transportation Choices Or Minimize Travel:
❖ Install a sufficient number of bike racks to encourage use.
❖ Designate shuttle/bus stops in safe, accessible areas near the facility.
❖ Incentivize users of public or shared transportation systems.
❖ Provide a sufficient number of dedicated car/van-pool parking spaces.
❖ Support teleconferencing and videoconferencing through proper operations and
maintenance of communication systems.
❖ Support telework (aka telecommuting) programs by providing hoteling spaces (flexible
and well-equipped office spaces that teleworkers can use when they come into the office)
and by providing properly operating and maintained telework centers.
 Thank you
For
Taking the Stress