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    The Periodic Table Trends

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    Hannah
    The periodic table trends document summarizes how various atomic properties, such as atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity, change both down groups and across periods on the periodic table. Specifically, it states that atomic radius increases down groups but decreases across periods, while ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity all decrease down groups but increase across periods. The document provides brief explanations for these trends based on factors like nuclear charge and electron cloud size.

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    The Periodic Table Trends

    Uploaded by

    Hannah
    4 views2 pages
    The periodic table trends document summarizes how various atomic properties, such as atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity, change both down groups and across periods on the periodic table. Specifically, it states that atomic radius increases down groups but decreases across periods, while ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity all decrease down groups but increase across periods. The document provides brief explanations for these trends based on factors like nuclear charge and electron cloud size.

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    Simplified & summarized reviewer for inorganic and organic chemistry subject.

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    The periodic table trends document summarizes how various atomic properties, such as atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity, change both down groups and across periods on the periodic table. Specifically, it states that atomic radius increases down groups but decreases across periods, while ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity all decrease down groups but increase across periods. The document provides brief explanations for these trends based on factors like nuclear charge and electron cloud size.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    4 views2 pages

    The Periodic Table Trends

    Uploaded by

    Hannah
    The periodic table trends document summarizes how various atomic properties, such as atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity, change both down groups and across periods on the periodic table. Specifically, it states that atomic radius increases down groups but decreases across periods, while ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity all decrease down groups but increase across periods. The document provides brief explanations for these trends based on factors like nuclear charge and electron cloud size.

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    THE PERIODIC TABLE TRENDS

    PROPERTIES DESCRIPTION TREND FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING


     Atoms are assumed to be spheres BY GROUP BY PERIOD
     Electron cloud size = Atom Radius (left to right) (top to bottom)
    ATOMIC RADIUS nucleus distance INCREASES DECREASES ↑ protons = stronger nucleus = ↓
     radius value=
    2 electron cloud size
     An ion is positively charged if it
    loses an electron and negatively  Energy levels of atoms
    charged if it gains an electron increase as you move down a
    group
     Increased number of protons
    means having more force to
    pull nucleus in which results to
    decreased electron cloud size
     Lose electron = positive charge
    but smaller electron cloud
     Gain electron = negative
    charge and bigger electron
    cloud [reasonwhy atomic
    radius increases with group
    trend]

    IONIZATION ENERGY  Energy needed to remove an DECREASES INCREASES  IE increases across a period as
    electron from an atom metals lose electrons and
    nonmetals gain electrons
     Higher IE = more stable, harder
    to remove valence electron,
    and less reactive (like noble
    gases)
    ELECTRON AFFINITY  Amount of energy released when DECREASES INCREASES  PERIOD: ↑ nuclear charge =
    an electron is added to a neutral ↓ atom size = ↑ EA
    atom to form an anion  GROUP: ↑ atom size = ↓ EA
    ELECTRONEGATIVITY  Ability of an atom to attract shared DECREASES INCREASES  EN in groups increase from
    electrons in a covalent bond bottom to top instead
     ↑ electronegativity = stronger
    attraction
    REACTIVITY  Ability of a molecule or atom to  ↑ METAL reactivity = right to
    undergo a chemical reaction, left (across a period), top to
    followed by a release in energy bottom (down a group)
     Dependent on classification of an  ↑ NONMETAL reactivity = left
    element (metal and nonmetal), to right (across a period),
    electronegativity and ionization bottom to top (down a group)
    energy

    NOBLE GASES
     Highest ionization energy
     Filled electron shells
     ZERO electron affinity and electronegativity

    SUMMARY
    DOWN A ACROSS A
    GROUP PERIOD

    Atomic radius INCREASES DECREASES

    Ionization energy DECREASES INCREASES

    Electron affinity DECREASES INCREASES

    Electronegativity DECREASES INCREASES

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