5 Ekim 2023 Perşembe

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Emerged more or less in 20th century.

International Relations are made of 2 parts:

Actors:

STATE (primary actor)

International Organizations (IMF, NATO, UN, EU)

UN: The Security Council has ve permanent members—the United States, China, France,
Russia, and the United Kingdom—collectively known as the P5. Any one of them can veto a
resolution.

Multinational Corporation

PEOPLE (Interest groups or mobilized groups like NGO’s, Terror groups

Relations:

Agreements

Cooperation VS Con ict

Nation (common group that lives together) VS State

International Relations (there’s an assumption that nations and states have complete
overlaps, we study the relations between states here actually)

Describe, explain, predict

explain(most important part, why things occur, causal investigation)
Predict (harder one)

Falsi ability: the capacity for some proposition, statement, theory or hypothesis to be
proven wrong. The concept of falsi ability was introduced in 1935 by Austrian philosopher
and scientist Karl Popper

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12 Ekim 2023 Perşembe

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Sovereignty: Making law, implement in a given territory.

1648 - Westphalia: emergence of modern state system

Secular authority replaced religious authority

Nation State

Divide the land along my soldiers

They are free in their internal actions, but dependent in the external actions.

During peace: send me money and information

During war: send me soldiers

Nationalism important in 2 points:

More independent wars

Nationalism makes people much more e ective ghters, sacri ced, belonging. Increases
solidarity (to join the army) Makes people believe.

To pay duties (taxes)

Balance of Power: There was stability bc there was balanced power between two alliances.

19 Ekim 2023 Perşembe

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Relative Gains: You compare your position with another state. You shouldn’t sign the
agreement.

Absolute Gains: You compare how much better of with the previous position. Both states
make better of here. You may sign the agreement.

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 Why focusing on absolute gain is bad? The realist say because you can never be sure what
time is it going to break? Country B can make bene t on you. The di erence of power
between Country A and Country B will increase.

When the balance of power between 3 or 4 countries it’s more stable.

Do exible in your alliances

Whenever there’s a growing power, you shift your alliances against the more powerful one.
That’s makes us open to new alliances.

Makavelyenism: trying to maximize the self interest, your own bene t.

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