IF CLAUSES (propozițiile condiționale)

1) ZERO CONDITIONAL  expresses general truths and general habits

Present simple + IF + present simple
Examples: The iron rusts if you keep it in water. (Fierul ruginește dacă îl ții în apă.)
You can get grey if you mix black and white. (Poți obține gri dacă amesteci negru și alb.)
Ice melts if you heat it. (Gheața se topește dacă o încălzești.)

2) FIRST CONDITIONAL  expresses possible or likely situations in the future

Future simple (will+infinitive) + IF + Present simple
Examples: We’ll stay at home if it rains. (Voi sta acasă dacă va ploua.)
I’ll buy a new car if I have enough money. (Voi cumpăra o mașină nouă dacă voi avea destui bani.)
You will miss the train if you don’t hurry. OR: You will miss the buss unless you hurry. (Vei pierde trenul
dacă nu te vei grăbi.)

UNLESS (dacă nu) = IF NOT + POSITIVE VERB

3) SECOND CONDITIONAL  expresses impossible actions in the present, hypothetical situations

Present conditional (would +infinitive) + IF + Past tense
Examples: I would buy a new car if I won the lottery. (Aș cumpăra o mașină nouă dacă aș avea destui bani.)
You wouldn’t be so tired if you went to bed early. (Tu nu ai fi așa de obosit dacă te-ai culca devreme.)

IF + I WERE + TO INFINITIVE =exprima un anumit grad de incertitudine, de asemenea posibil si cu SHOULD. Poate
fi exprimat si fara IF daca prop incepe cu WERE, dar acest tip de inversiune se fol doar in limbajul formal:
Were the government to reduce Value Added Tax, prices would fall.
If the patient should find the medicine, he would take it./ Should the patient find the medicine, he would take it.

IF + WERE TO / WAS TO + WOULD sugestie politicoasa:

If I were to ask ,would you help me?

OMISSION OF IF
George could buy a new car if he saved enough money.
Should George save enough money, he could buy a new car.

4) THIRD CONDITIONAL  refers to things that didn’t happen in the past and their imaginary results
Past conditional ( would have + past participle) + IF + past perfect
Examples: I would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. (Aș fi luat examenul dacă aș fi învățat mai mult.)
I would have bought a new car if I had had enough money. (Aș fi cumpărat o mașină nouă dacă aș fi
avut destui bani.)

https://www.grammar-quizzes.com/10-8.html

IF REPLACEMENTS:

1) UNLESS = IF NOT + positive verb (type 1,2,3)

We’ll go for a picnic by the river tomorrow if it doesn’t rain.
Unless it rains, we’ll go for a picnic by the river tomorrow.
2) IN CASE (possible future situations) (type 1)
Shall I keep some chicken salad for your brother in case he’s hungry when he gets here?
In case I forget later, here are the keys to the garage.
In case John phones, I’ll tell him you are in town.
3) ON CONDITION THAT, SO LONG AS, AS LONG AS, PROVIDED THAT, PROVIDING THAT (to express permission)
As long as you pay your taxes, no tax collector will knock on your door.
You can use my scissors provided you bring them back when you finish.
Tourists may picnic in the forest on condition that they don’t light any fire.
4) BUT FOR ( type 2 & 3) = IF IT WEREN’T FOR / IF IT HADN’T BEEN FOR
If it weren’t for the rain, we could be home by now.
But for the rain, we could be home by now.
If it hadn’t been for my neighbors who saw the thief trying to open a side window, he might have broken into
our house.
But for my neighbors who saw the thief trying to open a side window, he might have broken into our house.
5) ASSUMING (THAT) / SUPPOSING (THAT) / SUPPOSE (THAT)
Suppose/ supposing that we miss the train, what shall we do?

MIXED CONDITIONALS

IF + TYPE 1 (PRESENT)  TYPE 3 (PAST CONDITIONAL)

If I am as clever as you think, I should have been rich by now.
IF + TYPE 2 (PAST)  TYPE 1 (FUTURE)
If he missed the bus, he won’t be here on time.
IF + TYPE 2 (PAST)  TYPE 3 (PAST CONDITIONAL)
If he knew me better, he wouldn’t have said that
IF + TYPE 3 (PAST PERFECT)  TYPE 3 (PRESENT CONDITIONAL)
If he hadn’t drunk bad milk, he would be fine now.