Petroleum product

Petroleum products are materials derived

from crude oil (petroleum) as it is
processed in oil refineries. Unlike
petrochemicals, which are a collection of
well-defined usually pure organic
compounds, petroleum products are
complex mixtures.[1] Most petroleum is
converted into petroleum products, which
include several classes of fuels.[2]
 A petrochemical refinery in
Grangemouth, Scotland

According to the composition of the crude

oil and depending on the demands of the
market, refineries can produce different
shares of petroleum products. The largest
share of oil products is used as "energy
carriers", i.e. various grades of fuel oil and
gasoline. These fuels include or can be
blended to give gasoline, jet fuel, diesel
fuel, heating oil, and heavier fuel oils.
Heavier (less volatile) fractions can also
be used to produce asphalt, tar, paraffin
wax, lubricating and other heavy oils.
Refineries also produce other chemicals,
some of which are used in chemical
processes to produce plastics and other
useful materials. Since petroleum often
contains a few percent sulfur-containing
molecules, elemental sulfur is also often
produced as a petroleum product. Carbon,
in the form of petroleum coke, and
hydrogen may also be produced as
petroleum products. The hydrogen
produced is often used as an intermediate
product for other oil refinery processes
such as hydrocracking and
hydrodesulfurization.
 A breakdown of the products made from a typical
barrel of US oil[3]

Specialty and by-products

Oil refineries will blend various feedstocks,
mix appropriate additives, provide short-
term storage, and prepare for bulk loading
to trucks, barges, product ships, and
railcars.[4]

Gasses like propane and methane are

stored within petroleum.
Liquid fuels blending (producing
automotive and aviation grades of
gasoline, kerosene, various aviation
turbine fuels, and diesel fuels, adding
dyes, detergents, antiknock additives,
oxygenates, and anti-fungal compounds
as required). Shipped by barge, rail, and
tanker ship. May be shipped regionally
in dedicated pipelines to point
consumers, particularly aviation jet fuel
to major airports, or piped to distributors
in multi-product pipelines using product
separators called pipeline inspection
gauges ("pigs").
Lubricants (produces light machine oils,
motor oils, and greases, adding viscosity
stabilizers as required), usually shipped
in bulk to an offsite packaging plant.
Paraffin wax, used in illumination
(candle wax) and other uses. May be
shipped in bulk to a site to prepare as
packaged blocks.
Slack wax, a raw refinery output
comprising a mixture of oil and wax
used as a precursor for scale wax and
paraffin wax and as-is in non-food
products such as wax emulsions,
construction board, matches, candles,
rust protection, and vapour barriers.
Sulfur, by-product of sulfur removal>
from petroleum, which contain percent
of organosulfur compounds.
Bulk tar shipping for offsite unit
packaging for use in tar-and-gravel
roofing or similar uses.
Asphalt, used as a binder for gravel to
form asphalt concrete, which is used for
paving roads, lots, etc. An asphalt unit
prepares bulk asphalt for shipment.
Petroleum coke, used in specialty
carbon products such as certain types
of electrodes, or as solid fuel.
Petrochemicals or petrochemical
feedstocks such as ethylene,
Petroleum by-products
Over 6,000 items are made from
petroleum waste by-products, including:
fertilizer, flooring (floor covering), perfume,
insecticide, petroleum jelly, soap, vitamins
and some essential amino acids.[5]
Gallery

Sample Cylinders Sample Sample

of crude of of of
oil liquified gasoline kerosene
(petroleu petroleu (petrol)
m) m gas
Sample Motor oil Pile of
of diesel asphalt-
fuel covered
aggregat
e for
formatio
n into
asphalt
concrete
References
1. Standard Handbook Oil Spill Environmental
Forensics (https://doi.org/10.1016/C2015-
0-00228-3) . 2016. doi:10.1016/c2015-0-
00228-3 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fc2015
-0-00228-3) . ISBN 9780128038321.
2. Walther W. Irion, Otto S. Neuwirth, "Oil
Refining" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of
Industrial Chemistry 2005, Wiley-VCH,
Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a18_051
(https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a18
_051)
3. U.S. Energy Information Administration >
Petroleum > Navigator > Refinery Yield (http
s://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pnp_pct_dc_
nus_pct_m.htm)
 4. "Pan oil" (http://panoil.in/petroleum.php) .
panoil.in. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
5. List of 365 of 6000 petroleum by-products
(https://badassworkgear.com/list-of-produc
ts-made-from-oil-petroleum/)

External links
Media related to Petroleum by-
products at Wikimedia Commons

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