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XII Chemistry Distinguish Tests
XII Chemistry Distinguish Tests
Method No.2:
Alkene and Alkyne are differentiated by the reaction with ammonial cupreous
chloride. This is an example of substitution reaction. In this method ammonical
cupreous chloride is added in the given sample.
Alkene Alkyne
Substitution is not possible in Alkene When Alkyne (Ethyne) reacts with ammonical
(Ethene) therefore it cannot react with cuperous chloride, red precipitates of copper
ammonical cupreous chloride and no acetylide are formed.
precipitates are obtained. C2 H 2 2CuCl NH 3 C2Cu 2 2 HCL
1|Page
Prepared & Compiled by: Sir Asif Izhar, Sir Naveed Hasan, Sir Faizan Siddiqui,
Sir Fahad, Sir Anas soorti, Sir Talha, Sir Ibtisam Ur Rehman
ANEES HUSSAIN
EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION SINCE 1989
XII-CHEMISTRY REASONS
4. Alkane and Alkyl Halide OR Ethane and Ethyl Chloride
Alkane and Alkyl halide can be differentiated by the reaction with silver oxide.
In this method silver oxide is heated with given sample.
Alkane Alkyl Halide
Alkane (Ethane) cannot reacts with Alkyl halide (Ethyl Chloride) reacts with silver
silver oxide therefore no precipitates are oxide, white precipitates are formed.
formed. 2C2 H 5Cl Ag2O 2 AgCl C2 H 5 O C2 H 5
5. Aliphatic and Aromatic compounds OR Hexane and Benzene
Aliphatic and Aromatic compounds are differentiated by flame test. In this test
given compound is burn on direct flame in air.
Aliphatic Compound Aromatic Compound
Aliphatic compound (Cyclohexane) burn Aromatic compound burn with smoky (sooty)
without smoky (sooty) flame due to less flame due to greater percentage of carbon.
percentage of carbon. 2C 6 H 6 90 2
6CO 2 6 H 2 O 6C
C6 H12 90 2
6CO2 6 H 2O
Method No. 2:
Alcohol and phenol can be differentiated by the reaction of HCl in presence of
ZnCl2. This test is known as Lucas test. In this Lucas reagent (HCl/ZnCl2) is
treated with given sample.
Alcohol Phenol
When Alcohol (Ethyl alcohol) reacts with Phenol cannot reacts with Lucas reagent
Lucas reagent white precipitates are formed. therefore no precipitates are formed.
C 2 H 5 OH HCl ZnCl
2 C 2 H 5 Cl H 2 O
2|Page
Prepared & Compiled by: Sir Asif Izhar, Sir Naveed Hasan, Sir Faizan Siddiqui,
Sir Fahad, Sir Anas soorti, Sir Talha, Sir Ibtisam Ur Rehman
ANEES HUSSAIN
EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION SINCE 1989
XII-CHEMISTRY REASONS
Method No. 2:
Aldehyde and Ketone are differentiated by Tollen’s test. In this test Tollen’s
reagent (ammonical silver nitrate) is added into given sample.
Aldehyde Ketone
Aldehyde (Formaldehyde) reacts with Tollen’s reagent and Ketone (Acetone) cannot
form silver mirror with is deposited on inner wall of produce silver mirror with
container. Tollen’s reagent.
HCHO 2[ Ag ( NH 3 ) 2 ]OH 2 Ag HCOONH 4 3 NH 3
Method No. 2:
Carboxylic acid and phenol both are acidic in nature. They can be
differentiated by the reaction with NaHCO3
Carboxylic acid Phenol
Carboxylic acid (Acetic acid) reacts with NaHCO3, brisk Phenol cannot react with
effervescence are formed due to liberation of CO2 NaHCO3 therefore no
CH 2 COOH NaHCO 3 CH 3 COONa H 2 O CO 2 effervescence are produced.
CHOH 4 CHOH 4
CH 2 OH CH 2 OH
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Prepared & Compiled by: Sir Asif Izhar, Sir Naveed Hasan, Sir Faizan Siddiqui,
Sir Fahad, Sir Anas soorti, Sir Talha, Sir Ibtisam Ur Rehman
ANEES HUSSAIN
EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION SINCE 1989
XII-CHEMISTRY REASONS
10. Benzene and Toluene
Benzene and Toluene are differentiated by reaction with cold KMnO4. In this
method KMnO4 solution is added in given sample.
Benzene Toluene
Benzene cannot oxidized with Toluene reacts with KMnO4to form benzoic acid due to
KMnO4 therefore no decolorization oxidation and decolonization of KMnO4 take place.
of KMnO4 take place. C 6 H 5 CH 3 3[O] KMnO
4 C 6 H 5 COOH H 2 O
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Prepared & Compiled by: Sir Asif Izhar, Sir Naveed Hasan, Sir Faizan Siddiqui,
Sir Fahad, Sir Anas soorti, Sir Talha, Sir Ibtisam Ur Rehman