Causes an Cells from another

Activation immune Pathogens membrane of same species

and clonal Helper T cells
expansion have receptors response Antigen -
specific for the molecule Toxins
antigen
Proteins on recognised as Allow the immune
Stimulates cell non-self system to recognise Abnormal body
Antigen-presenting own cells and non- cells e.g.
cytotoxic T cells, cells membrane
B cells and self cells cancer cells
phagocytes
Cell-mediated Chemical
Within cells response
Cell recognition Physical barriers
Cytotoxic cells barriers e.g.
kill infected or e.g. skin stomach
abnormal cells
Specific acid
Within body fluids response 2.4 CELL RECOGNITION Non-
specific
B cell with antibody
AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM response
Phagocytosis
specific for antigen
Humoral
presents foreign response Monoclonal ELISA test HIV and Phagocytes = type of
antigen on cell antibodies AIDS Chemoattractant
white blood cell
surface s from pathogens
or abnormal
Plasma B cells One B cell Phagocytes
Basis of active Contents are cells
produce secrete produces one recognise the
vaccination released
Helper T cell antibodies type of pathogen and
(exocytosis) or Phagolysosome ingest it
with specific antibody absorbed
receptor binds
to B cell Clonal Divide rapidly upon Phagosome
expansion of re-infection and Pathogen is Lysosomes release
B cells Memory B become plasma hydrolysed lysozymes into the
cells cells phagosome
AQA
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