CIVE3007

Road Surfacing – Asphalt

Dr. Rajibul Karim

Senior Lecturer, UniSA STEM
P2-10 (MLK); Rajibul.Karim@unisa.edu.au
Pavement types
Unbound Granular pavement with thin asphalt surfacing

Asphalt wearing course

Unbound granular base

Unbound granular subbase

Subgrade

UniSA STEM - CIVE 3007 – Pavement Design

Pavement types
Asphalt wearing course and Base course
Asphalt wearing course
Asphalt base or intermediate course

Asphalt base course

Granular material

Subgrade

UniSA STEM - CIVE 3007 – Pavement Design

Pavement types
Full depth Asphalt

Asphalt wearing course

Asphalt base or intermediate course

Asphalt base course

Asphalt sub-base course

Subgrade

UniSA STEM - CIVE 3007 – Pavement Design

Asphalt materials
 Coarse Aggregates
 Fine aggregate
 Mineral Filler
 Bitumen
 Additives

+
slideshare.net

UniSA STEM - CIVE 3007 – Pavement Design

Mix Composition Why do we need air voids?

From DPTI (DIT) SA, Master Specification part 227, June 2006

UniSA STEM - CIVE 3007 – Pavement Design

Asphalt - Types
DG Dense Graded - most common type
OG Open Graded - low noise and spray
SMA Stone Mastic - anti-rutting

UniSA STEM - CIVE 3007 – Pavement Design

Asphalt - Types

UniSA STEM - CIVE 3007 – Pavement Design

Asphalt - Types
OG SMA

DG

UniSA STEM - CIVE 3007 – Pavement Design

Asphalt – Aggregate nominal sizes
Nominal size Typical Layer Typical use
(mm) Thickness (mm)

7 15 - 20 Residential streets & footpaths

10 25 - 35 Wearing course for Light and moderate traffic
14 35 – 45 Wearing course for heavier traffic;
Intermediate course
20 > 50 Base and intermediate course
28 >60 Base & intermediate course, but less common than
20mm.
40 >100 Occasionally used as a heavy duty base.

UniSA STEM - CIVE 3007 – Pavement Design

Asphalt – Paving Operation
 Surface preparation
 Plant operation
 Mix transport
 Mix placement
 Compaction

UniSA STEM - CIVE 3007 – Pavement Design

Asphalt – Paving Operation
Surface preparation
 Dry surface
 Dust free - Sweeping
 Prime cote- vaasphalt.org

 Sprayed application of cutback or emulsion on untreated surface.

 Fills the surface voids – protection from weather
 Stabilizes the fines and preserves base materials
 Promotes bonding of subsequent layers
 Application rate: Cutback – 1 to 2 L/m2; emulsion 0.4 to 1.2 L/m2

UniSA STEM - CIVE 3007 – Pavement Design

Asphalt – Paving Operation
Surface preparation
 Tack coat-
 Light spray of diluted emulsion on existing surface or top of prime coat.
 Promotes bonding of subsequent layers
 Enough time allowed to break and set (emulsion)
 Traffic should not be allowed on tack coat

UniSA STEM - CIVE 3007 – Pavement Design

Asphalt Paving operation
Plant operation

Batch mixing process

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vxo839kNy8

UniSA STEM - CIVE 3007 – Pavement Design

Asphalt – Paving Operation
Mix placement

Road Surface Thickness of layer, mm

Temp. (oC)
< 30 30 to 40 41 - 100 > 100
Minimum (oC) Range (oC)
5 to 10 - - 145 135-150
10 – 15 150 145 140 130-145
15 – 25 150 145 135 125-140
>25 150 145 130 120-135
Minimum temperatures apply to C170 & C320 AS2150 Table 12

UniSA STEM - CIVE 3007 – Pavement Design

Asphalt – Paving Operation
Compaction
 Steel wheeled roller
 Initial passes > 105°C
 Intermediate rolling
 Multi-tyred roller
> 80°C
 Avoid turning

UniSA STEM - CIVE 3007 – Pavement Design

Asphalt – Paving Operation
Weather issues
• Moisture: Any moisture turns to steam and damages bond of the bitumen
to the aggregate
• Minimum Pavement Temperatures - less than 10o C need to be carefully
monitored
• Minimise trucks waiting around – plan work to have constant supply
• Keep load trucks covered for as long as possible

UniSA STEM - CIVE 3007 – Pavement Design

Austroads Publications
 AP-G66/02 “Asphalt Guide”, 2002
 APRG 18 “Selection & design of Asphalt Mixes”, 1998
 APTP03 Pavement Technology Work Tips (free)
 4. Asphalt Joints
 10. Asphalt paving with automated level control
 12. Compaction of Asphalt
 17. Air voids in Asphalt
 26. Asphalt handwork
 31. Asphalt paving speed
 42. Nuclear density testing of asphalt pavements
 46. Asphalt cooling rates

UniSA STEM - CIVE 3007 – Pavement Design

Austroads Publications
 APRG Technical Notes (free)
4 Light duty non-structural Asphalt Surfacing and overlay.1997
 8. Ultra Thin Asphalt Surfacing 1999
 10. The use of Crumb Rubber in Asphalt 1999
 16. Stone mastic Asphalt 2004

UniSA STEM - CIVE 3007 – Pavement Design

Thanks

UniSA STEM - CIVE 3007 – Pavement Design