Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA)

Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is used for comparing multivariate sample means. It is
used when there are two or more dependent variables.

Strength:

 MANOVA is useful in experimental situations where at least some of the independent

variables are manipulated.
 The technique can protect against Type I errors that might occur if multiple ANOVAs are
conducted independently.

Weakness:

 MANOVA is a complex method compared to ANOVA, which can be time-consuming without

prior knowledge.
 MANOVA uses multiple discriminate functions that may be difficult to interpret.

In statistics, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is a procedure for comparing multivariate

sample means. As a multivariate procedure, it is used when there are two or more dependent
variables, and is often followed by significance tests involving individual dependent variables
separately.

Without relation to the image, the dependent variables may be k life satisfactions scores measured
at sequential time points and p job satisfaction scores measured at sequential time points. In this
case there are k+p dependent variables whose linear combination follows a multivariate normal
distribution, multivariate variance-covariance matrix homogeneity, and linear relationship, no
multicollinearity, and each without outliers.