ESTIMATING ROOFING MATERIALS

TYPES OF ROOF
1. GABLE ROOF
- Also known as
pitched or peaked
roof.
- Their inherently
simple design
makes it easy to
build them and
cheaper than more
complex design.
TYPES OF ROOF
2. HIP ROOF
- A hip roof has
slopes on all four
sides.
- The sides are all
equal length and
come together at
the top to form a
ridge.
TYPES OF ROOF
3. MANSARD ROOF
- Is also known as a
French roof.
- Is four-sided roof
with a double slope
on each side that
meet forming a low-
pitched roof.
TYPES OF ROOF
4. GAMBREL ROOF
- Also called as barn
roof
- Is much like mansard
in a sense that it has
two different slopes.
The difference
between the two is
that the gambrel only
has two sides, while
the mansard has four.
TYPES OF ROOF
5. FLAT ROOF
- As the name suggests,
flat roofs appear to be
completely flat with no
pitch.
- These roofs are
generally used on
industrial and
commercial buildings.
TYPES OF ROOF
6. SKILLION ROOF
- Is also referred to as a
shed roof or lean-to.
- It is a single, sloping
roof, usually attached
to a taller wall.
- Mostly used for home
additions, sheds and
porches.
TYPES OF ROOF
7. JERKINHEAD ROOF
- Uses elements of both
gable and hip roofs.
TYPES OF ROOF
8. BUTTERFLY ROOF
- Is a V-shaped roof
constructed of two
tandem pieces which
are angled up on the
side.
- The midsection is
angled downward
where the two pieces
meet into a valley.
TYPES OF ROOF
9. BONNET ROOF
- Also known as kicked-
eaves
- Are double sloped with
the lower slopes set at
less of an angle than
the upper slope.
TYPES OF ROOF
10. SALTBOX ROOF
- Is asymmetrical in
design, with one side
being more of slightly
sloping flat roof and
the other more of a
lean to, with gables at
each end.
TYPES OF ROOF
11. SAWTOOTH ROOF
- Is two or more parallel
pitched roofs in which
the sloped and
vertical surfaces
alternate.
- As the name suggests,
the roof resembles the
side view of a saw
blade.
TYPES OF ROOF
12. CURVED ROOF
- Is much like the skillion,
or shed roof, but the
planes are curved.
- It is very modern and
provides a unique,
creative roof design.
- The amount of curve can
vary from slightly curved
up to an arch shape.
TYPES OF ROOF
13. PYRAMID ROOF
- Is a type of hip roof.

- All four sides come to

a point at the top of
the roof.
TYPES OF ROOF
14. DOME ROOF
- Is polygonal with an
inverted bowl shape.
- Are great for adding
unique and
aesthetically pleasing
features to any home.
TYPES OF ROOF
14. COMBINATION ROOF
- Incorporates a design
using various roofs on
the same structure for
aesthetic and
practical reasons.
GALVANIZED IRON SHEET

 Most common roofing material.

 Also known as GI sheet.

 It is either plain or corrugated.

 Plain sheets are used for gutters, flashing,

down spout, ridge, hip, and valley roll.
 Plain sheet standard commercial size is 90 X
240 centimeters long.
GI SHEET

 Corrugated GI sheet is widely used for roofing

and sidings
 having standard width of 80 centimeters with
varying length from 150 to 360 centimeters at
consecutive intervals of 30 centimeters.
 Long span corrugated sheets are also available
on special order.
GAUGE NUMBER
 The thickness of galvanized iron sheet is
measured in terms of Gauge Number from 14
to 30.
 The sheet becomes thinner as gauge number
becomes larger.
 Gauge 26 is the most extensively used for
roofing and various tin works
 Gauge 24 is specified for gutters and valley
rolls.
Before estimating the required number of corrugated roofing
sheets, the following information should be considered first:
1. Verify the plan if the side lapping is 1- ½ or 2- ½ corrugations.
2. If it is 1-1/2 corrugations, the effective width covering per sheet
is .70 meters or .60 meters for 2-1/2 corrugations.
3. The standard end-lapping joint is from 25 to 30 centimeters
long. This is important in determining the length of the sheet to
be used.
4. Spacing of the purlins should be proportionally adjusted to the
length of the G.I.
sheets to avoid unnecessary cutting or excessive overlapping. In
short, the length of the roof sheet governs the spacing distance
of the purlins.
5. A good roofing design minimizes end lapping joint. Longer
length of roofing sheet is preferred for economical reasons.
TABLE 6-2: EFFECTIVE COVERING OF G.I.
ROOFING SHEETS
Length Effective Covering Purlins Number of
Ft - Meter Side Lapping Spacing Nails or
1½ 2½ In Meter Rivets per
sheet

5’ – 1.50 .70 .60 .60 14

6’ – 1.80 .70 .60 .75 14
7’ – 2.10 .70 .60 .60 18
8’ – 2.40 .70 .60 .70 18
9’ – 2.70 .70 .60 .60 22
10’ – 3.00 .70 .60 .67 22
12’ – 3.60 .70 .60 .66 26
TABLE 6-3: QUANTITY OF ROOF ACCESSORIES IN
KILOGRAMS
Materials Number per Kilogram
GI Roof Nails 120
GI Rivets 180
GI Washers 126
Lead Washers 75
Umbrella Nails 120
SIZE AND QUANTITY OF STRAPS IN ONE PLAIN
G.I. SHEET
Size of Purlins Size of GI Strap in Number of Strap
(inches) Inches in One Plain GI
Sheet
2” x 3” 1” x 9” 384
2” x 4” 1” x 10” 342
2” x 5” 1” x 11” 312
2” x 6” 1” x 12” 288
ESTIMATING G.I. ROOF AND ITS
ACCESSORIES

1. Determine the length of the purlins along the

gutter line. This distance is perpendicular with the
roof direction.
2. Divide this length by the effective width covering
of one G.I. sheet using either 0.70 for 1 ½
corrugations or 0.60 m. for 2 ½ corrugations. The
result is the number of sheets for one row.
3. Determine the length of the rafter or top chord.
Choose the right combination of roofing sheets
that will satisfy this length considering the 25 to
30 centimeters standard end lapping.
ESTIMATING G.I. ROOF AND ITS
ACCESSORIES

4. Multiply the result found in step 2 by each

length of sheet combination as found in step 3.
5. Determine the number of G.I. nails or rivets
and washers in kilograms using Table 6-2 and 6-
3.
6. Take note that the number of plain anchor
strap and lead washer is the same as the
quantity of rivets.
 END LAPPING

SIDE LAPPING
PROBLEM 1: ESTIMATE THE GI SHEETS, RIVETS, GI WASHERS & LEAD
WASHERS

14.00 M

6.00 M

Assume side lapping of 1 ½ corr. And end

lapping of 0.30m.
PROBLEM 2: Find the number of corr. GI sheets, rivets, GI
washers, lead washers, and anchor strap required if the plan
specify 2-1/2 corrugation for side lapping and 0.30 end lapping
on a 2” x 4” purlins.
GUTTER, FLASHING, RIDGE, HIPPED, AND
VALLEY ROLL

 Categorized as roof accessories under tinsmith

work. Estimating these type of accessories is
simply determining the number of plain GI
sheets needed to fabricate it.
 The primary consideration in tinsmith work is
economy, which simply mean, to utilize every
inch of the tin sheet. As much as possible, any
unwise cutting of the tin sheet must be
avoided.
GUTTER, FLASHING, RIDGE, HIPPED, AND
VALLEY ROLL

PROCEDURE:
1. Determine the total length of gutter in meters.

2. Divide this length by 2.35 meter to find the number

of gutter required (2.35 is the effective length of
one gutter).
3. Find the total width of one gutter based from the
cross section of the detailed plan.
4. The width of one plain G.I. sheet is 0.90m. Divide
0.90m by the result of step 3 to find out how many
gutter could be made out from one plain G.I. sheet.
EFFECTIVE LENGTHS

 Gutter – 2.35m
 Flashing – 2.30 m

 Ridge Roll – 2.20 m

 Valley roll – 2.30 m

 Hipped roll – 2.20m

GUTTER, FLASHING, RIDGE
RIDGE ROLL

GUTTER

FLASHING
PROBLEM 3:
Find the number of Plain GI sheets required to
fabricate the gutter, ridge roll, and flashing.
GUTTER, RIDGE, FLASHING DETAIL