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CONTENT PAGE NO
Certificate 02
Acknowledgement 03
Topic 05
Introduction 06
Drug Addiction
INTRODUCTION:
Drug abuse, also called substance abuse or chemical abuse, is a disorder that is
characterized by a destructive pattern of using a substance that leads to
significant problems or distress. Teens are increasingly engaging in prescription
drug abuse, particularly narcotics (which are prescribed to relieve severe pain),
and stimulant medications, which treat conditions like attention deficit disorder
and narcolepsy.
Any substance, other than food, used in the prevention, diagnosis, all aviation or
treatment of a disease is called a drug. Drug is also known as a medicine.
Generally, the term drugs is applied to any stimulating or depressing substance
that can be habituating or addictive. A drug, broadly speaking, can be
categorized in many ways; hard or soft, uppers or downers, addictive or non
addictive, most harmful or least harmful, legal or illegal.
Classification of Addictive Drugs
There are a large number of drugs on which people become dependent.
These are classifying into four major groups: Sedatives and Tranquillizers,
Opiate Narcotics, Stimulations and Hallucinogens.
Stimulations
Make a person more
wakeful, alert and Amphetamines,
active, cause excitement Caffeine, Cocaine
LSQ, Mescaline,
Make a person more
Hallucinogens Psilocybin, Chares,
wakeful, perceptions
Hashish
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Some Harmful Drugs
1. Heroin:
Commonly used as smack Heroin is chemically diacetylmorphine which is a
white, odourless, bitter crystalline compound. This is obtained by acetylation
of morphine which is extracted from latex of poppy plant Papaver
somniferous. Generally taken by snorting and injection, heroin is a depressant
and slows down body function.
2. Cannabinoids:
Natural cannabinoids are obtained from the inflorescences of the plant
Cannabis sativa. The flower tops, leaves and the resin of the plant are used in
various combinations to produce marijuana, hashish, charas and ganja.
Generally taken by inhalation and oral ingestion, these are known for their
effects on cardiovascular system of the body.
3. Cocaine:
It is obtained from coca plant Erythroxylon coca, native to South America. It
interferes with the transport of the neuro-transmitter dopamine. Cocaine,
commonly called coke or crack is usually snorted%lt has the potent
stimulating action on central nervous system, producing sense of euphoria and
increased energy. Excessive dosage of cocaine causes hallucinations.
Cause of drug addiction
* Frustration and Depression: Some people staff taking drugs to get relief
from fmstration and depression.
* Desire for More Work: Students sometimes take drugs to keep awake the
whole night to prepare for examination. It is not desirable as it may cause
mental breakdown.
* Looking for a Different World: A wrong notion that the drugs open up a new
world tempts some young pupils to staff taking-drugs.
* Family History: Children may take to dmgs by seeing their elders in the
family.
* Excitement and Adventure: The young take to drugs to satisfy their instinct
for excitement and adventure.
Effect of Drug Addiction
Short-Term Effects
Loss of appetite
Increased heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature
Contracted blood vessels
Increased rate of breathing
Dilated pupils
Disturbed sleep patterns
* Nausea
Hyperstimulation Bizarre, erratic, sometimes violent behaviour
Hallucinations, hyperexcitability, irritability
Tactile hallucination that creates the illusion of bugs burrowing under the skin
Intense euphoria
Anxiety and paranoia
Depression
Intense drug craving
Panic and psychosis
Convulsions, seizures and sudden death from high doses (even one time)
Long-Term Effects
Permanent damage to blood vessels of ear and brain, high blood pressure,
leading to heart attacks, strokes and death Liver, kidney and lung damage
Respiratory failure
Infectious diseases and abscesses if injected
Malnutrition, weight loss
Auditory and tactile hallucinations
Sexual problems, reproductive damage and infertility
Disorientation, apathy, confused exhausation
Irritability and mood disturbance
Increased frequency of risky behaviour
Delirium or psychosis
Severe depression
Tolerance and addiction
Harm caused by Drugs
Tobacco
Sources:
It is a native of South Africa, where the Red Indian first started smoking. Now
the tobacco plant has spread the world over. It has large, quote to Lancelot
leaves and terminal clusters of tubulars, white or pink flowers.
Modes of Use:
Tobacco is used for smoking, chewing and snuffing. Its main stimulating
component is poisonous volatile alkaid nicotine, which causes addiction.
Nicotine synthesis occurs in the roots of the plant but it is stored in the leaves.
The leaves contain 2 to 8% nicotine. Inhaling tobacco smoke from cigars,
cigarettes, biddies, pipes and hubble-bubble is called smoking. Cigar is a roll of
tobacco leaf. Cigarette is cut tobacco wrapped in paper. Bidi is tobacco wrapped.
In a piece of leaf.Tobacco smoke is drawn directly from pipe and through water
is hubble-bubble. Smoking may give some temporary relief to the strained nerves
but in the long run itproves a dangerous health hazard. The quantity of nicotine
contained in one cigar may prove fatal if injected intravenously into a person.
When smoked only 10% of the smoke is inhaled. Hence, no immediate ill effect
is observed.„ Smokers may develop a physiological craving for nicotine and then
they cannot give up smoking.
Alcohol
Weight gain: alcohol consumption in larger quantities can lead to weight gain,
because alcoholic beverages are usually high in calories.
Weak immune system: alcohol consumption makes your immune system weak,
thus making your body more susceptible to infections.
Fatal alcohol syndrome: Drinking alcohol in pregnancy may cause the Fatal
Alcohol Syndrome (physical abnormalities, growth retardation and
developmental delay).
Sources:
Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, flammable, colourless liquid having a penetrating
odour and burning taste. It is one of the products of the distillation of fermented
grains, fruit juices and starches with the help of yeast enzymes. It is the principal
constituent and the in toxicating principle of wines.
Modes of Use:
Alcohol is taken in low concentration, as the beer, toddy and wine and in
relatively high concentration as arrack, brandy, whisky, rum, gin, vodka etc.
How to get rid of drug addiction?
Getting rid of drug addiction is a complex and challenging process
that requires commitment, effort, and support. Here are some steps
that may be helpful in overcoming drug addiction:
/ Acknowledge the problem: The first step in overcoming drug
addiction is to acknowledge that there is a problem and a desire to
change.
/ Avoid triggers: Identify and avoid triggers that may tempt you to use
drugs again, such as certain people, places, or situations.
CONCLUSIONS