Thermal Hybrids

GE’s Solution for Grid Firming

gepower.com
The global energy system is transforming at a scale and pace never
experienced before. Integrating intermittent renewables and distributed
The Impact of Renewables
As more and more renewables come into Net Load – March 31
energy into an aging grid requires flexible and resilient technologies, play, grid operators and regulators are faced
with significant operational challenges.
28,000
26,000
Essentially, the steep load ramps associated
able to ramp up or down rapidly and dynamically adjust to real-time with wind and solar operations could be fully
24,000
satisfied through demand management, 22,000 2012 (actual)

Megawatts
grid signals. energy storage and the use of efficient fossil
fuel sources.
20,000
18,000 2013 (actual)

2014 Ramp Need

16,000
Thermal hybrids are GE’s solution to the grid firming challenge. 2015 ~13,000 MW
2016 in Three Hours
14,000 2018 2017
2019
12,000
These applications—involving the interfaced operation of a thermal 10,000
Over Generation Risk
2020

asset with a renewable and/or an energy storage asset—are expanding 0

12 AM 3 AM 6 AM 9 AM 12 PM 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM
Hour
the possibilities of electricity generation. Increasing Reliance on Renewables Can be Seen as a Duck-Shaped Graph.

GE has more than 125 years of experience integrating the latest

innovations in electricity generation and delivery—and hybrid power Why Hybrid Energy Now?
technology is no exception. Our hybrid energy system portfolio, backed A number of trends are driving a shift to
hybrid energy: es Dece
ang ntr
by the experts whose equipment generates about one-third of the • Steady deployment of intermittent
de
n Ch ali
za
tio
renewable wind and solar photovoltaic ud g Nee
sin ous
electricity in the world, can be customized and scaled to help meet your Fast d fo

n
(PV) power resources Lo hron a Ra r
i
nc nert m
• Exponential reductions in the cost of I

Sy

ps
specific needs. Our wing-to-wing hybrid solutions range from upgrading batteries for energy storage

Curtailment

I egration
• The growth of digital power solutions

Instability
Fragility
Assets

Grid
that enable better integration of
and improving the capabilities of an existing facility to incorporating generation assets and real-time

nt
interaction with the grid Intermittency
hybrid technologies into a new generation facility or transmission and • Implementation of environmental goals N
qu eed or

Fr lt
Vo
by a wider range of countries, cities, ag en for d f it

y
e R cy a Nee i b i l
distribution network. communities, and businesses egu nd Flex

n
tio
lation
Vo r ia
l a ti Va
li t y ice
y Pr
Energ

3
Which mix is the right one?
100% Gas Turbine 100% Renewable

Wind
Grid Grid
PV

HV Transformer HV Transformer

Gas Turbines RIU Transformer

BESS

Hybrid Without Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) Hybrid With Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)

Wind Wind
Grid Grid
PV PV

HV Transformer HV Transformer

RIU Transformer RIU Transformer

Note: Consult with GE to conduct the analysis according BESS
to the use case and the project specifics

Gas Turbines Gas Turbines

4 5
GE’s Thermal Hybrid Solutions:
Simple Cycle Gas Turbine
Turbine + BESS + Digital Controls = EGT*
Enhancing peaking and grid following
Battery storage systems can be integrated with existing or new simple cycle gas turbine Features of an LM6000 Hybrid:
power plants to enhance the peaking and grid-following attributes that are typical of • 10 MW/4.3 MWhr lithium-ion battery
today’s simple cycle gas turbines. Hybrids also offer reduced system operating costs,
creating value for both power providers and rate payers. The upgrade to an enhanced • GE’s Brilliance inverters
gas turbine (EGT) enables contingency (spinning) reserve without fuel burn between • OpFlex* hybrid upgrade package
demand events. • Mark*VIe control system
This technology also enables high-speed regulation, primary frequency response, and • GE’s proprietary hybrid turbine controls
voltage support with the combined response of the gas turbine and battery storage
system. Finally, the solution can be used to enhance peaking megawatts with the Benefits without Fuel Burn
additional capacity of the battery and provide black start capability to the site. • Instant, always-ready response
These hybrid solutions can be applied to aeroderivative and heavy-duty gas turbines in • 50 MW of operating reserve
many size ranges. Our gas turbines are integrated with packaged storage solutions and • +10 MW of peaking power
a proprietary control system. The control system manages gas turbine output, battery
• Primary frequency response
storage output and system rate of charge to continuously provide better outcomes from
the hybrid installation. These systems can be customized to your site-specific needs and • -8 to +5 MVAR voltage support
industry conditions for advanced benefits. • Black start capability
• Demand charge savings
• Spinning reserve enabled

Case in Point Benefits with Fuel Burn

In 2017, Southern California Edison (SCE) installed the world’s first • 50 MW peaking power for
battery storage and gas turbine hybrid system, the LM6000 Hybrid local contingency
EGT, at two sites in response to California’s changing regulations • 25 MW of high-speed
and grid requirements. The system ultimately will support increased frequency regulation
renewable energy capacity on the grid. • Self-managed BESS state
of charge

7
 GE’s Thermal Hybrid Solutions:
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine + BESS
Improving combined cycle flexibility and utilization with battery storage

GE’s hybrid solution couples the latest advances in battery storage technology with Benefits
our proven combined cycle power plant—delivering the reliability you expect from a • Faster combined cycle startup
manufacturer with more than 60 years of gas turbine experience. Our hybrid battery
storage solution can be added to existing combined cycle plants, integrated with new • Simple cycle flexibility with combined
cycle efficiency
combined cycle plant installations during construction, or even included as a complete
upgrade package to convert from simple cycle operation to combined cycle plus • Lower capital expenditure (CAPEX) than
battery storage. standalone storage solutions

As the single OEM, GE can help ensure that all components are optimally integrated to work • Black start capability without the need
for a backup diesel genset
together seamlessly, providing higher performance at a lower cost.
• Enhanced grid frequency regulation
• Additional peak capacity during periods
of high energy demand/high pricing
• Increased ramp rate with lower
Case in Point thermal stress

In a 2 X 6F.01 installation with a 55 MW/18 MWh battery, GE’s hybrid solution can provide full combined cycle • Increased load following capability
output (162 MW) within 13 mi nutes of engine start. A standard 2 X 6F.01 without battery storage would take
approximately 30 minutes to achieve full combined cycle output.
In a primary frequency respon se application, a 9F.03 combined cycle gas turbine with a 9 MW/2.5 MWh battery can
provide the same capabilities as an appropriately sized standalone battery solution—at a 30% lower capital cost.

9
GE’s Thermal Hybrid Solutions:
Gas Turbine + Renewable Energy

GE’s gas turbines can play a valuable role as reliance grows on a larger renewables mix. As Benefits
one of the world’s largest manufacturer and supplier of gas turbine technology, GE offers • Reduced renewable energy curtailment
a wide array of equipment options and models to help meet your most challenging energy
requirements. We build our heavy-duty and aeroderivative gas turbines to be efficient, • High capacity factors at lower capital
versatile and reliable, with individual output ranging from 34 MW to 571 MW. They are expenditures compared to battery
storage utilization
proven performers in simple and combined cycle operation for pure power generation,
cogeneration, mechanical drive, and waste-to-power applications. • Lower levelized cost of energy (LCOE)
compared to pure thermal operation
• Decreased greenhouse gas emissions
• Lower variable cost

Typical Annual Energy Production in a Thermal Hybrid (PV+GT) configuration

PV AEP Wind AEP Thermal AEP ES AEP Energy Price
50000 0.1

Case in Point 45000

40000

35000
0.09

0.08

0.07

Output (MWh)

Energy Price
30000 0.06

GE’s aeroderivative technology is enabling CPV Sentinel (CPVS) to help 25000

20000
0.05

0.04

meet California’s ambitious renewable energy goals and maintain grid

15000 0.03

10000 0.02

5000 0.01

reliability. The 800 MW CPVS energy project is a natural gas power

0 0

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Hour of Day

plant in Riverside County, California, that runs only during periods Typical Hybrid annual energy production operation
of peak electricity demand. The power plant is equipped with eight
natural gas-fired LMS100 combustion turbine generators (CTGs) that
are designed to start in 10 minutes and can be operated at a 43%
simple cycle mode, helping the plant meet environmental challenges
and also aid in reducing CO2 emissions. The world’s largest facility
using GE’s intercooled aeroderivative combustion turbine is located
adjacent to a high wind area in the vicinity of 3,000 wind turbines.
GE’s Solution Enablers
GE’s Hybrid Architect for Better Decision-making,
Improved Results

GE’s Hybrid Architect was developed to calculate net present value The Architect can be used for: User Input Output
(NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and levelized cost of electricity • Energy shifting • Location, generation equipment, revenue and power output • Improved hybrid system engineering configuration
(LCOE) of a hybrid power generation system incorporating a — Merchant/structured purchase power agreement •W eather data including solar irradiance as well as wind • Multi-year proforma w/LCOE, NPV, IRR
combination of solar, wind, gas turbines and battery energy
• Load following/firming profile yearly data • Curtailment analysis
storage. The Hybrid Architecture also can help improve the hybrid
system configuration, such as the photovoltaic direct current • Capacity payments •F inance, Capex, Opex, equipment efficiency and • Battery capacity addition strategy for local incentives
nameplate, the size of the energy storage system, and the number • Renewable Energy Certificates (REC) for revenue degradation • PowerPoint summary
of wind and/or gas turbines. • Curtailment • Modeling computations to analyze improved performance
An easy-to-use tool, the Hybrid Architect reduces the engineering of hybrid assets, providing a preliminary feasibility
• Frequency response assessment of a hybrid operation
cycle from weeks to hours.

8,760 Hourly Power

Inputs:
Inputs: • Project life
Inputs:
• Location • CAPEX
Location based, Wind Output • Location
• Turbine model • OPEX
(Nameplate MW) • Turbine model
• Nameplate MWac • Debt/equity
• Nameplate MWac financing
Thermal • Tax rate and
Wind Inputs: incentives
Wind Thermal • Optimization • Depreciation
criteria Inputs: schedule
• Load profile
• Dispatch strategy
• Price to buy MWh Proforma
• Equipment
Dispatcher Dispatcher efficiency % Calculation

Output NPV/IRR/
Calculation LCOE
PV Hourly through
PV
8,760 Hourly Power
Project life

Location based, Inputs: 8,760 Hourly Power

Solar Output • Location Battery Life

• Module technology
(Nameplate MW)
• Mounting
Topology, • Nameplate MWdc Multidimension
Nameplate optimization for
Inputs:
MW/MWh max NPV/IRR
• Battery type
BESS • Usage condition or min LCOE

Inputs: Market Information

• Performance Inputs:
guarantee • PPA, price strip
BESS • Initial oversizing • Price escalation
• Topology • Capacity credit

12
GE’s Solution Enablers
Increased Reliability with Control Solution and
Software from GE
GE Renewable Energy provides resiliency, reliability, and renewables enablement through our control solution and software package,
which includes real-time control, energy optimization, and marketplace participation capabilities.

Optimization Control
Operations and Optimizations Real-time Operators
Operations Curtailment Islanding and Voltage Management Power Exchange
Forecasting Scheduling Isochronous Control Black Start
Planning Avoidance Resynchronization and Load Sharing at POI
Marketplace
Participation
Mode and Event Portfolio Optimal Frequency Reserve Capacity Active and Reactive Power Factor
SOC Management PV Smoothing
Management Optimization Dispatch Control Calculation Power Management Management

Microgrid Automation Control System

Data Communications Load Advanced Software Features System Functionality
and Gateway Management
• Planned and unplanned islanding • Adaptive protection control
GE’s Control System
•P ower exchange management at • Cold load pickup management
Adaptive Fast Load point of installation
• Feeder control and sequencing
Protection Shedding • Re-synchronization
• Ability to integrate into utility
• Black start Document Management System
Feeder Sequencing Integrated
• Load sharing (DMS)
and Control HMI/SCADA • Frequency control and regulation • Marketplace participation and
Remote Network Operation Center
Substation Bus Bar • State of charge management ancillary services management
• Optimal energy dispatch
Services
• Photovoltaic smoothing
• Feasibility and planning studies
• Forecasting
• Engineering studies
• Reserve capacity management
• Fast load shedding • Configuration and integration
•A ctive and reactive power • Commissioning and testing
management
Substation Switch Yard • Isochronous control
• Peak shaving
• Curtailment avoidance
Utility Electric Grid • Power and ramp rate firming

Gas Turbine
PV BESS Wind

15
For further information please contact
Ihab Chaaban
Global Commercial Development Director
Aeroderivatives Grid Firming & Hybrids
Email: ihab.chaaban@ge.com
Phone: +1 832 954 0624
Mobile: +1 281 460 2602
or visit
gepower.com
* Trademark of General Electric Company
© 2020 General Electric Company. All rights reserved.
The listed configuration and ratings are subject to change according to the project specifications.

GEA34601 (07/2020)