Globalization - It is a connection of people
around the world in terms of political
social and economic aspects.
COMMUNICATION - because people around the
world tends to communicate to
each other in order to promote
opportunities.
RELATIONSHIP - different states tends to have
political and economic
relationship to gain investments
and other opportunities and also
to promote peace.
INTEGRATION - because other states globally
tends to help each other to uplift
the way of living of other states
DETERRITORIALIZATION - states now are
boundary less
RELIGIOUS GROUP - It is an opportunity to
spread
faith.
ENTERTAINMENT - It gives variety of shows.
APPAREL WORKERS - It is a job opportunity to
escape rural poverty.
JUSTICE - Global game favor the rich
country but not the poor country.
Arjun Apparudai - “Globalization is a “world of
things” that have different speeds, axes, points
of origin and termination, and varied
relationships to institutional structures in
different regions, nations, or societies”
Cesare Poppi - “Globalization is debate and
debate is globalization. It is a reality. It is
changing as human society develops and it is a
continuous events. Overall globalization is a
concept that is not easy to define because
globalization has a shifting nature”
METAPHORS OF GLOBALIZATION
SOLIDITY - refers to barriers that prevent or
make difficult the movement of
things. Solid can be natural and man made.
Bodies of water(natural)
Land forms (natural)
Great wall of china(manmade)
LIQUIDITY - refers to the increasing ease of
movement of people, things and
information, and places in the contemporary
world.
Zygmunt Bauman’s idea (sociologist and
philosopher) – First, liquid phenomena change
quickly and its aspects, spatial and temporal,
are in continuous fluctuation. This means that
space and time are crucial elements of
globalization.
FLOWS - movements of the people, things,
places, and information brought by the growing
“POROSITY” of global limitations.
THEORIES OF GLOBALIZATION
HOMOGENEITY - refers to the increasing
sameness in the world as cultural inputs,
economic factors, and political orientations of
societies expand to create common practices,
same economies, and similar government form.
HETEROGENEITY - This pertains to the creation
of various cultural practices, new economies,
and political groups because of interaction of
elements from different societies in the world.
WORLD-SYSTEM THEORY - A perspective that
globalization is essentially the expansion of
capitalist system around the world.
CORE – Market Integration - The market integration exist
or occurs within two or more markets are
• DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
exerting effects.
• HIGH INCOME
FORMS OF MARKET INTEGRAT ION
• EXPLOITS POOR
PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENT – It involves
COUNTRIES lower trade barriers between countries who
have signed the agreement.
• CAPITALIST
FREE TRADE AGREEMENT – It reduces barriers to
SEMI PERIPHERY –
trade among member countries to zero but each
• DEVELOPING COUNTRIES member country still has autonomy in deciding
external tariff for its trade with non-member
• MIDDLE INCOME
countries.
• CAN BE BOTH CORE AND PERIPHERY
CUSTOMS UNION – countries agree to abolish
PERIPHERY – tariff and nontariff barriers. They agree to a
common external tariff.
• POOR COUNTRIES
COMMON MARKET – allowing free movement
• LOW INCOME
of Labor and Capital within the union.
• EXPORTS LABOR AND NATURAL RESOURCES
ECONOMIC UNION – Highest form of
WORLD POLITY THEORY – State remains an
Market/Economic Integration, member
important component of world society, but
countries also agree to integrate money, fiscal
primary attention goes to global cultural and and other policies.
organization in which
THE EUROPEAN UNION
states are embedded.
LEGAL BASIS OF EUROPEANUNION
ORIGINS AND HISTORY OF GLOBALIZATION
1952 – TREATY ESTABLISHING THE EUROPEAN
- HARDWIRED
COAL AND STEEL COMMUNITY
- CYCLES
- EPOCH (notable events) MARCH 25, 1957 - TREATIES OF ROME: EEC
- EVENTS
AND EURATOM
- BROADER, MORE RECENT CHANGES
APRIL 8, 1965 – MERGER TREATY (BRUSSELS
TREATY)
FEBRUARY 17, 1986 - SINGLE EUROPEAN ACT
FEBRUARY 7, 1992 - TREATY ON EUROPEAN
UNION
OCTOBER 2, 1997 - TREATY OF AMSTERDAM
FEBRUARY 26, 2001 - TREATY OF NICE
DECEMBER 13, 2007 - TREATY OF LISBON
ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH EAST ASIAN NAT ION
(ASEAN) - On August 8, 1967 ASEAN was created
by the 5 foreign minister from South East Asia.
Foreign minister of Indonesia, Malaysia,
Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.
The Five Founding Fathers of ASEAN –
- Adam Malik (Indonesia),
- Narciso R. Ramos (Philippines),
- Tun Abdul Razak (Malaysia),
- S. Rajaratnam (Singapore)
- Thanat Khoman (Thailand).
The following countries join the ASEAN.-
- Brunei Darussalam (January 1984) ,
- Vietnam (July 1995),
- Laos and Myanmar (July 1997)
- Cambodia (April 1999.)
AEC BLUEPRINT 2025 - Provides broad directions
through strategic measures for AEC from 2016
to 2025.
CHARACTERISTICS OF AEC BLUEPRINT 2025
• A highly integrated and cohesive
economy
• A competitive and dynamic ASEAN
• Enhanced, connectivity and sectoral
cooperation
THE FIVE ORGANIZATION OF WORLD BANK
The International Centre For Settlement Of
Investment Disputes (ICSID) – Provides
international facilities for conciliation and
arbitration of investment disputes.
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
(MIGA) – Promotes foreign direct investment
into developing countries to support economic
growth, reduce poverty, and improve people’s
lives.
The International Bank For Reconstruction And
Development (IBRD) –it lends to government of
the middleincome and creditworthy low-income
countries.
The International Development Association (IFC)
– it provides interest free loans and grants to
government s of the poorest country.
International Finance Corporation (IFC) –
Focused only on the private sector.
INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF) - Is an
international organization of 189, working to
foster global monetary cooperation, secure
financial stability, facilitate international trade,
promote high employment and sustainable
economic growth and reduce poverty around
the world.

• A resilient, inclusive, people-oriented MISSION OF IMF SURVEILLANCE

and people-centered ASEAN - Lending

- Capacity Develpment
• A global ASEAN
Exchange Rate and Currency
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTION -
Institutions that provide financial support via - Floating Exchange rate
grants and loans for economic and social - Fix Exchange rate
development activities in developing countries.
WORLD BANK - World’s largest development
institution. • It has worked to help 100
developing countries.Promote shared prosperity
by promoting income growth of the poorest 40%
of every country.
Surplus - occurs when the government taxes
more than it spends.
Deficit - occurs when the government spends
more than its taxes.
ECONOMIC CHAINS AND NETWORKS
Supply Chains – these are general label for value
adding activities in the production process.
International Production networks - these
involve the networks of the producers involved
in the process of producing a finished product.
Global Commodity Chains – Gereffi and
Korzeniewicz bring together the idea of value-
adding chains and the global organization of
industries. They also accord a central place to
the growing importance of sellers of the global
product.
Global value Chains- refers to international
production sharing, a phenomenon where
production is broken into activities and tasks
carried out in different countries
MULTI-FIBER AGREEMENT - was state imposed
mechanism to limit the ability of the Chinese to
sell T-shirts and put quotas on the number T-
shirts that could be imported into US from
various producing countries.
OUTSOURCING - Is the transfer of activities once
performed by entity to a business or businesses
in exchange for money.
MACRO-LEVEL OF OUTSOURCING – deal with it
at the meso and micro-levels. (e.g British corp.
outsourcing work to one in India)
MESO-LEVEL OF OUTSOURCING – e.g.
restaurants that outsource the cooking of their
food to outside organization.
MICRO-LEVEL OF OUTSOURCING – e.g.parents
who outsource the care of their young children
or aged parents to institutions, specifically
daycare and assisted living centers.
CONSUMPTION - the use of goods and services
by the consumers or the purchase of services
and goods by the consumers
Consumer Objects and Services – much
consumption revolves around shopping for
objects of all kinds or the products as well as the
various services.
Consumption Process – knowing how to work
their way through a shopping mall, use of
money and credit cards or make a purchase
online
Consumption Sites – such as shopping malls,
restaurants, clothing chains, themed park,
casino and hotels and internet site such as
amazon and ebay.
Consumers – people who spend money for a
certain product or services.
THE GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM THE STATE - A
nation or territory that is considered to be
politically organized under one (1) government.
Four elements of the state –
1. Population
2. Territory
3. Government
4. Sovereignty
- Internal
- External
State and Sovereignty – State emerged in 15th –
16th century. The concept of statehood came
from “Peace of Westphalia”(1648).
State and Globalization – It is believed that it will
be a demise to the sovereignty of the state and
weaken the power of the state to control their
own economies and societies.
The Trend towards Global Governance –
Establishment of International organization
such as IMF, World Trade Organization (WTO),
European union, and United Nations.