科技管理 Ch.

5
一、 是非題
1. （Ｏ）一個新的理念有觀念化之實現的一組活動是創新的概念之一。
A set of activities for conceptualizing a new idea is one of the concepts of innovation.
2. （Ｘ）技術創新中的第一階段為生產階段。
The first stage in technological innovation is the production stage.
3. （Ｏ）行銷階段在技術創新中，其重點為對市場的評估及消費者行為之評估。
The marketing stage focuses on the evaluation of the market and consumer behavior in
technological innovation.
4. （Ｘ）漸進式技術創新是指技術發展過程中有重大的技術發現或發明。
Incremental technological innovation refers to major technological discoveries or inventions in the
process of technological development.
5. （Ｏ）「意料之外的事件」是技術創新機會的第一項來源。
"Unexpected events" are the first source of technological innovation opportunities.

二、 選擇題
1. （Ｄ）下列哪一項是技術創新的概念？（Ｄ）以上皆是
Which of the following is a concept of technological innovation? (D) All of the above
2. （Ａ）技術創新的過程一般有：（Ａ）８個階段
The process of technological innovation generally includes: (A) 8 stages
3. （Ｂ）下列哪一項不是技術創新的類型？（Ｂ）單獨式創新
Which of the following is not a type of technological innovation? (B) Individual innovation
4. （Ａ）下列哪一項是非數量性的技術預測方法？（Ａ）德菲法
Which of the following is a non-quantitative method of technology forecasting? (A) Delphi
method
5. （Ｄ）新產品開發管理流程有：（Ｄ）以上皆有
The new product development management process includes: (D) All of the above

三、 是非 or 選擇
1. 創新的定義：
創新是一種從新觀念的產生、執行，一直到演變成為新產品、新服務與新生產技術的一連
串過程。（p.5-4）
Definition of innovation:
Innovation is a series of processes from the generation and execution of new ideas to their
evolution into new products, services and production technologies.
2. 技術創新的類型：（p.5-7~5-8）
Types of technological innovation:
A. 躍進式創新（Radical Innovation）。
B. 漸進式創新（Incremental Innovation）。
C. 系統式創新（System Innovation）。
 3. 技術預測的定義：（p.5-10）
Definition of technology forecast:
指企業在現有的機器設備、生產製程、員工能力等資源的限制下，針對未來科技產品、市
場技術的能力進行合理的預測。
It refers to the company making reasonable predictions about future technological products and
market technology capabilities within the constraints of existing machinery and equipment,
production processes, employee capabilities and other resources.

四、 簡答
1. 何謂 PEST？（p.5-10）
What is PEST?
Ｐ：政治（Politics）環境
Ｅ：經濟（Economy）環境
Ｓ：社會（Society）環境
Ｔ：科技（Technology）環境
2. 試說明新產品開發的五項基本原則。（p.5-18~5-19）
Try to explain the five basic principles of new product development.
(1)建立與企業目標一致的新產品開發策略。
Establish a new product development strategy that is consistent with corporate goals.
(2)新產品開發資源配置應重視彈性運用的原則。
New product development resource allocation should pay attention to the principle of flexible
utilization.
(3)新產品開發過程要重視企業關係人之間的互動與充分溝通。
The new product development process should pay attention to the interaction and full
communication between enterprise stakeholders.
(4)發展整合性的專案團隊進行新產品開發。
Develop integrated project teams for new product development.
(5)以永續發展的觀點來面對新產品開發有關的業務。
Approach business related to new product development from a sustainable development
perspective.
五、 問答（p.5-15）
1. 試說明新產品開發管理流程。
Try to explain the new product development management process.

1 2 3 4 5 6
新產品構想 方向篩選 市場分析 發展與測試 新產品試銷 商品化

回饋（feedback）
1. Generate new product ideas.
2. Combine enterprise resources to screen the direction of new product development.
3. Conduct market analysis of new products.
4. Invest in the development and testing of new product.
5. Test marketing of new products.
6. Commercialization of new products after trial marketing.

補充（三-2）：
 技術創新的類型：（p.5-7~5-8）
 躍進式創新：躍進式創新的技術創新是指技術發展過程中有重大的技術發現或發明，並且創造
出一種新的典章規範、新興產業或是另一種新產品或新的服務方法，也稱為突破性創新與跳蛙
式創新，屬於不連續的創新。例如：電視機、電晶體、半導體等。
 漸進式創新：漸進式創新是在原有技術層面下，逐步改善技術問題，以提高績效、產品品質與
降低成本為目的。漸進式創新是一種連續性的創新，這種連續性創新的進步是來自日常改良與
修正某些老舊技術所累積的。例如：汽車引擎的改善、數位相機畫質的提高、汽車鋼板的安全
性等。
 系統式創新：系統性創新是指將現有技術予以重新組合，再將此新組合應用在新的功能領域上，
以推出新技術或新產品在新的消費者市場上。例如：面板與電腦結合、面板與電視機結合、引
擎與腳踏車結合等。
 Types of technological innovation: (p.5-7~5-8)
 Leap-forward innovation: The technological innovation of leap-forward innovation refers to major
technological discoveries or inventions in the process of technological development, and the creation of
a new regulation, emerging industry, or another new product or new service method. , also known as
breakthrough innovation and leapfrog innovation, are discontinuous innovations. For example:
televisions, transistors, semiconductors, etc.
 Incremental innovation: Incremental innovation is to gradually improve technical problems at the
original technical level, with the purpose of improving performance, product quality and reducing
costs. Incremental innovation is a kind of continuous innovation. The progress of this continuous
innovation is accumulated from the daily improvement and modification of some old technologies. For
example: the improvement of automobile engines, the improvement of digital camera image quality, the
safety of automobile steel plates, etc.
 Systemic innovation: Systemic innovation refers to the recombination of existing technologies and then
applying this new combination to new functional areas to launch new technologies or new products in
new consumer markets. For example: the combination of the panel and the computer, the combination
of the panel and the TV, the combination of the engine and the bicycle, etc.