Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Topic 4 SSQL1113 Sem 11 Sesi 2022 2023
Topic 4 SSQL1113 Sem 11 Sesi 2022 2023
10/04/2023 SSQL1113SEM11SESI20222023 1
Topik 4 : Ukuran Kecenderungan Memusat
•Min / Mean
•Median / Median
•Mod / Mode
•Perbandingan antara min, median, mod
10/04/2023 SSQL1113SEM11SESI20222023 2
Pengenalan:
Ukuran kecenderungan memusat merupakan cara untuk memperihalkan data melalui
cara statistik deskriptif
Menunjukkan keadaan purata dan indeks kepusatan sesuatu taburan data
Measures of central tendency:
Categories or scores that describe what is average or typical of the distribution
10/04/2023 SSQL1113SEM11SESI20222023 3
Latihan:
10/04/2023 SSQL1113SEM11SESI20222023 4
Selang kelas Kekerapan (K) Nilai Titik Tengah K*X
(X)
Formula untuk Min data 65 – 69 6 67 402
terkumpul
60 – 64 15 62 930
Min = Σ ( K * X) 55 – 59 37 57 2109
N 50 – 54 30 52 1560
K - kekerapan
45 – 49 42 47 1974
X - nilai titik tengah
N - bilangan kes 40 – 44 23 42 966
35 – 39 20 37 740
10/04/2023 SSQL1113SEM11SESI20222023 5
Sifat Min
x = (X – Min)
Σx = Σ(X – Min) = 0
10/04/2023 SSQL1113SEM11SESI20222023 6
Formula Min bergabung
M = (N1 * Min1) + (N2 * Min2)
N1 + N2
Ni - Jumlah kes bagi setiap kumpulan
Mi - Min bagi setiap kumpulan
N - Jumlah semua kes
10/04/2023 SSQL1113SEM11SESI20222023 7
Latihan
Kirakan nilai min kumpulan bergabung berikut :
The score that divides the distribution into two equal parts so that half the cases are
above it and half below it
Pengiraan median untuk data yang tidak terkumpul
Susun skor/markat daripada yang paling kecil kepada yang besar
Bilangan kes dalam taburan ganjil
(N + 1)
2
Bilangan kes dalam taburan genap ialah nilai tengah pada kes,
10/04/2023 SSQL1113SEM11SESI20222023 10
Median untuk data :
36, 44, 40, 24, 22, 35, 38
Susun skor : 22, 24, 35, 36, 38, 40, 44
Median terletak pada (7 + 1)/2 = 4
Median terletak pada kes ke 4 iaitu 36
10/04/2023 SSQL1113SEM11SESI20222023 11
MEDIAN DATA TERKUMPUL
(0.50)( ) ( N / 2) CF
Mdn r (J ) Mdn X r ( R)
F
10/04/2023 SSQL1113SEM11SESI20222023 12
Pengiraan Median Data Terkumpul
Selang kelas Had Sebenar Kekerapan (K) Nilai Titik Tengah Kekerapan Peratus Peratus
Kelas (X) Kumulatif Kekerapan
Kumulatif
65 – 69 64.5 – 69.5 6 67 200 3 100,00
60 – 64 59.5 – 64.5 15 62 194 7.5 97.00
55 – 59 54.5 – 59.5 37 57 179 18.5 89.50
50 – 54 49.5 – 54.5 30 52 142 15 71.00
45 – 49 44.5 – 49.5 42 47 112 21 56.00
40 – 44 39.5 – 44.5 23 42 70 11.5 35.00
35 – 39 34.5 – 39.5 20 37 47 10 23.5
30 – 34 29.5 – 34.5 19 32 27 9.5 13.5
25 – 29 24.5 – 29.5 5 27 8 2.5 4.00
20 – 24 19.5 – 24.5 3 22 3 1.5 1.50
Jumlah (∑) 200
Xr = 44.5 KK = 70 K = 42 J = 5 N = 200
10/04/2023 SSQL1113SEM11SESI20222023 13
(0.50)( )
Mdn r (J )
= 44.5 + 100 – 70 * 5
42
= 44.5 + 3.57
= 48.07
10/04/2023 SSQL1113SEM11SESI20222023 14
Mod:
Skor yang kekerapannya paling tinggi.
The category or score with the highest frequency (or percentage) in the
distribution.
10/04/2023 SSQL1113SEM11SESI20222023 15
LATIHAN:
Tentukan Mod dan Median untuk data berikut.
1. 23 45 23 34 37 30
2. 56 59 52 50 51 57 59 55 53
3. 11 18 10 12 19 17 11 10 11 15 16 17 13
4. 79 63 69 79 77 78
5. 48 39 56 44 40 37 46 79 30
6. 26 37 48 54 63 63 68
7. 10 92 18 27 84 79 36 18 10 93 53 10 74 62
8. 7 9 3 9 9 9 4 4 8 2 7 7 5 6
9. 36 29 30 39 37 33 33 27 20 48 32 28
10. 6 3 18 45 6 27
10/04/2023 SSQL1113SEM11SESI20222023 16
KEGUNAAN MIN, MEDIAN DAN MOD
Tabulan normal atau simetrik: Apabila nilai min, median dan mod sama.
Taburan herot positif: Apabila mod lebih kecil dari median dan min.
(mod < Median < min)
Taburan herot negatif: Apabila min lebih rendah dari median dan mod.
(min < median < mod)
Symmetrical distribution – the frequency at the right and left tails of the distribution are identical;
each half of the distribution is the mirror image of the other
Positively skewed distribution – a distribution with a few extremely high values
Negatively skewed distribution – a distribution with a few extremely low values
10/04/2023 SSQL1113SEM11SESI20222023 17
Taburan normal/simetrik /symmetrical distribution Taburan dwimod
Taburan herot positif/ positively skewed distribution Taburan herot negatif /negatively skewed distribution
(mod < median < min) (min < median < mod)
10/04/2023 SSQL1113SEM11SESI20222023 18
Summary:
Mean :
Mean is an average value used to represent a set of values which is observed. This method is used for
interval and ratio scale data.
Median :
The median is the middle value of a score distribution which is arranged in ascending of descending
order. This means half the scores are placed above the median score while the other half is paced below
it. The median is used for data which can be arranged in order, that is the ordinal, interval and ratio
data.
Mod :
The mode is value that occurs the most frequently in a distribution. It is usually used for nominal or
ordinal scale data. The mode is usually used to state the demographic characteristics of research
subjects which comprise many categories such as age, income (high, average, low), education level
(primary school level, secondary school level, high school level, university level). The mode is used to
state the category that appears with the greatest frequency.
10/04/2023 SSQL1113SEM11SESI20222023 19
Important properties of the arithmetic mean
10/04/2023 SSQL1113SEM11SESI20222023 20