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Intro To AI
Intro To AI
The Artificial Intelligence is a field of engineering that uses highly advanced techniques and
technologies for designing software and robots to think and act intelligently. It is labeled as
artificial because it is the opposite of human natural intelligence.
These systems and machines can replicate the human mind's learning, reasoning, and
problem-solving abilities to varying degrees.
Self-driving vehicles are increasingly becoming a reality. The operating system that enables
this type of amazing technology starts with software that connects to each of the sensors in
the car.
These sensors communicate with and perceive the surrounding environment. For the car
to successfully reach its destination, it must continually interact with traffic lights, other
vehicles, highways, buildings, and even weather conditions.
Other software programs at the heart of AI can make inferences and draw conclusions
without human intervention. Inferences that involve inductive reasoning allow
programmers and developers to create systems that produce consistent results when
solving specific problems.
These advanced applications also promote problem-solving methods that keep algorithms
performing efficiently and deliver root cause analysis when finding solutions such as
improving logistics and diagnosing medical conditions.
So, AI is…
Mathematics
Sociology
Philosophy
Computer Science
Psychology
NeuroScience
Biology
Importance :
AI automates Repetitive Learning and discovery through data. Artificial
Intelligence performs frequent, high-volume, computerized tasks reliably and
without fatigue
AI analyzes more and deeper data using neural networks that have many
hidden layers. You need lots of data to train deep learning models because
they learn directly from the data. The more data you can feed them, the
more accurate they become.
Type of Intelligence:
Naturalist intelligence designates the human ability to discriminate among living things
(plants, animals) as well as sensitivity to other features of the natural world (clouds,
rock configurations). This ability was clearly of value in our evolutionary past as
hunters, gatherers, and farmers; it continues to be central in such roles as botanist or
chef. It is also speculated that much of our consumer society exploits the naturalist
intelligences, which can be mobilized in the discrimination among cars, sneakers, kinds
of makeup, and the like.
2. Musical Intelligence
Musical intelligence is the capacity to discern pitch, rhythm, timbre, and tone. This
intelligence enables us to recognize, create, reproduce, and reflect on music, as
demonstrated by composers, conductors, musicians, vocalist, and sensitive listeners.
Interestingly, there is often an affective connection between music and the emotions;
and mathematical and musical intelligences may share common thinking processes.
Young adults with this kind of intelligence are usually singing or drumming to
themselves. They are usually quite aware of sounds others may miss.
3. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
4. Existential Intelligence
Sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep questions about human existence, such as the
meaning of life, why we die, and how did we get here.
5. Interpersonal Intelligence
6. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
Bodily kinesthetic intelligence is the capacity to manipulate objects and use a variety of
physical skills. This intelligence also involves a sense of timing and the perfection of
skills through mind–body union. Athletes, dancers, surgeons, and crafts people exhibit
well-developed bodily kinesthetic intelligence.
7. Linguistic Intelligence
Linguistic intelligence is the ability to think in words and to use language to express and
appreciate complex meanings. Linguistic intelligence allows us to understand the order
and meaning of words and to apply meta-linguistic skills to reflect on our use of
language. Linguistic intelligence is the most widely shared human competence and is
evident in poets, novelists, journalists, and effective public speakers. Young adults with
this kind of intelligence enjoy writing, reading, telling stories or doing crossword
puzzles.
8. Intra-personal Intelligence
9. Spatial Intelligence
Spatial intelligence is the ability to think in three dimensions. Core capacities include
mental imagery, spatial reasoning, image manipulation, graphic and artistic skills, and
an active imagination. Sailors, pilots, sculptors, painters, and architects all exhibit
spatial intelligence. Young adults with this kind of intelligence may be fascinated with
mazes or jigsaw puzzles, or spend free time drawing or daydreaming.
At that time high-level computer languages such as FORTRAN, LISP, or COBOL were
invented. And the enthusiasm for AI was very high at that time.
A boom of AI (1980-1987)
o Year 1980: After AI winter duration, AI came back with "Expert System". Expert
systems were programmed that emulate the decision-making ability of a human
expert.
o In the Year 1980, the first national conference of the American Association of
Artificial Intelligence was held at Stanford University.
Now AI has developed to a remarkable level. The concept of Deep learning, big
data, and data science are now trending like a boom. Nowadays companies like
Google, Facebook, IBM, and Amazon are working with AI and creating amazing
devices. The future of Artificial Intelligence is inspiring and will come with high
intelligence.
What Contributes to AI?
Artificial intelligence is a science and technology based on disciplines such as
Computer Science, Biology, Psychology, Linguistics, Mathematics, and Engineering.
A major thrust of AI is in the development of computer functions associated with
human intelligence, such as reasoning, learning, and problem solving.
Out of the following areas, one or multiple areas can contribute to build an
intelligent system.
AI programs can
absorb new
modifications by
putting highly
independent pieces
of information
Modification in the program leads to change in its structure. together. Hence you
can modify even a
minute piece of
information of
program without
affecting its
structure.
Modification is not quick and easy. It may lead to affecting the Quick and Easy
program adversely. program
modification.
What is AI Technique?
In the real world, the knowledge has some unwelcomed properties −
Similarly, machines also become intelligent once they are trained with some
information which helps them achieve their tasks. AI machines also keep updating
their knowledge to optimize their output.
Components of AI
Artificial Intelligence can give companies and organizations insight into their daily
operations that they might not otherwise understand. Artificial intelligence
software can help businesses, schools, and healthcare facilities perform tasks more
quickly and effectively than humans.
1. Learning:
Just as is the case with human beings, the first step in the development process as
it pertains to artificial intelligence is the learning stage. For example, when teaching
a child how to ride a bicycle for the first time, there will be a trial and error process
in which the child makes mistakes and falls off their bike, gradually learning the
rules and techniques that are needed to effectively handle the task at hand. In the
context of the development of artificial intelligence, the learning process involves
the memorization of individual items including different solutions to problems,
vocabulary, and foreign languages, among others. Through this learning process,
programs that utilize artificial intelligence are able to keep notes of all actions or
moves that led to positive results, allowing the program to leverage this knowledge
within its data should similar problems arise in the future.
Learning is a very essential part of AI and it happens in a number of different forms.
The simplest form of learning is by trial and error. In this form, the program
remembers the section that has given the desired output and discards the other
trial actions and learns by itself. For example, in chess (program) mate-in-one chess
problems might try out moves at random until one is found that achieves mate.
Here the program remembers the successful move and next time the computer is
given the same problem it is able to produce the result instantly. It is also called
unsupervised learning. The simple learning of individual items - solutions to
problems, worlds of vocabulary, etc. is known as rote learning. In the case of rote
learning, the program simply remembers the problem solution pairs or individual
items. In other cases, a solution to few of the problems is given as input to the
system, the basis on which the system or program needs to generate solutions for
new problems. This is known as supervised learning.
2. AI Reasoning
concept of mental reasoning is something that has largely been limited to the
human mind for much of recorded history, much of the development of artificial
intelligence hinges on software programs that are able to draw conclusions and
inferences from a situation, without the need for human interference. Furthermore,
these inferences are divided into two categories, inductive and deductive
reasoning. To this point, the use of inductive reasoning has allowed computer
achieve consistent results when faced with a particular problem or issue, whether
a more niche application such as the cloud-based grammar and writing assistant
Grammarly.
For example, virtual assistants will offer restaurant recommendations based on the
specific orders or questions it receives.
The assistant will use reasoning to decide what restaurants to suggest based on the
questions it received and the nearest location of various restaurants.
3. Problem Solving
When a shopper is looking for a product and doesn't know the exact name of the
product, AI can assist in dramatically reducing the possibilities.
This can occur even when the shopper types in a few related or similar words. As
the entire premise of artificial intelligence is the creation of computer programs
and systems that solve problems in a manner similar to that of human beings,
problem-solving is perhaps the most pivotal component in terms of the
development of AI.
4. Perception
Perception is when different sense organs, whether real or artificial, scan the
environment. For example, AI scans the environment through sense components
such as temperature sensors and cameras.
Other examples include a GPS system or smart speakers that respond to human
queries. After capturing elements of the surrounding environment, a perceiver will
analyze the different objects, extract their features, and analyze the relationships
among them.
5. Processing Language
Another way AI uses language processing is when it weeds out spam in email
systems. For example, spam filters delegate specific messages as spam when
seeing certain words or combinations of words.
Natural Language Processing, involves machines or robots to understand and
process the language that human speaks, and infer knowledge from the speech
input. It also involves the active participation from a machine in the form of dialog
i.e. NLP aims at the text or verbal output from the machine or robot. The input and
output of an NLP system can be speech and written text respectively
Applications of AI
Applications of Artificial Intelligence around us
Whether we notice it or not, we are surrounded by machines that work on AI. They
are becoming a crucial part of our everyday life and provide us with an ease of
having even some of the most complicated and time-consuming tasks being done
at the touch of a button or by the simple use of a sensor.
Every now and then, we surf the internet for things on Google without realizing how
efficiently Google always responds to us with accurate answers. Not only does it
come up with results to our search in a matter of seconds, it also suggests and
auto-corrects our typed sentences.
We nowadays have pocket assistants that can do a lot of tasks at just one
command. Alexa, Google Assistant, Cortana, Siri are some very common examples
of the voice assistants which are a major part of our digital devices.
To help us navigate to places, apps like UBER and Google Maps come in haman.
Thus, one no longer needs to stop repeatedly to ask for directions.
AI has completely enhanced the gaming experience for its users. A lot of games
nowadays are backed up with AI which helps in enhancing the graphics, come up
with new difficulty levels, encourage gamers, etc.
AI has not only made our lives easier but has also been taking care of our habits,
likes, and dislikes. This is why platforms like Netflix, Amazon, Spotify, YouTube etc.
show us recommendations on the basis of what we like.
Well, the recommendations are not just limited to our preferences, they even cater
to our needs of connecting with friends on social media platforms with apps like
Facebook and Instagram. They also send us customized notifications about our
online shopping details, auto-create playlists according to our requests and so on.
Taking selfies was never this fun as Snapchat filters make them look so cool.
This isn’t all. AI is also being used to monitor our health. A lot of chatbots and other
health apps are available, which continuously monitor the physical and mental
health of its users.
These applications are not limited to smart devices but also vary to humanoids like
Sophia, the very first humanoid robot sophisticated enough to get citizenship,
biometric security systems like the face locks we have in our phones, real-time
language translators, weather forecasts, and whatnot! This list is huge, and this
module will go on forever if we keep tabulating them.
Email filters
Email filters are one of the most basic and initial applications of NLP online. It
started out with spam filters, uncovering certain words or phrases that signal a
spam message. But filtering has upgraded, just like early adaptations of NLP. One
of the more prevalent, newer applications of NLP is found in Gmail's email
classification. The system recognizes if emails belong in one of three categories
(primary, social, or promotions) based on their contents. For all Gmail users, this
keeps your inbox to a manageable size with important, relevant emails you wish to
review and respond to quickly.
Smart assistants
Smart assistants like Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa recognize patterns in speech
thanks to voice recognition then infer meaning and provide a useful response.
We’ve become used to the fact that we can say “Hey Siri,” ask a question, and she
understands what we said and responds with relevant answers based on context.
And we’re getting used to seeing Siri or Alexa pop up throughout our home and
daily life as we have conversations with them through items like the thermostat,
light switches, car, and more. We now expect assistants like Alexa and Siri to
understand contextual clues as they improve our lives and make certain activities
easier like ordering items, and even appreciate when they respond humorously or
answer questions about themselves. Our interactions will grow more personal as
these assistants get to know more about us.
Search results
Search engines use NLP to surface relevant results based on similar search
behaviors or user intent so the average person finds what they need without being
a search-term wizard. For example, Google not only predicts what popular searches
may apply to your query as you start typing, but it looks at the whole picture and
recognizes what you’re trying to say rather than the exact search words. Someone
could put a flight number in Google and get the flight status, type a ticker symbol
and receive stock information, or a calculator might come up when inputting a
math equation. These are some variations you may see when completing a search
as NLP in search associates the ambiguous query to a relative entity and provides
useful results.
Predictive text
Things like autocorrect, autocomplete, and predictive text are so commonplace on
our smartphones that we take them for granted. Autocomplete and predictive text
are similar to search engines in that they predict things to say based on what you
type, finishing the word or suggesting a relevant one. And autocorrect will
sometimes even change words so that the overall message makes more sense.
They also learn from you. Predictive text will customize itself to your personal
language quirks the longer you use it. This makes for fun experiments where
individuals will share entire sentences made up entirely of predictive text on their
phones. The results are surprisingly personal and enlightening; they’ve even been
highlighted by several media outlets.
Language translation
One of the tell-tale signs of cheating on your Spanish homework is that
grammatically, it’s a mess. Many languages don’t allow for straight translation and
have different orders for sentence structure, which translation services used to
overlook. But, they’ve come a long way. With NLP, online translators can translate
languages more accurately and present grammatically-correct results. This is
infinitely helpful when trying to communicate with someone in another language.
Not only that, but when translating from another language to your own, tools now
recognize the language based on inputted text and translate it.
Digital phone calls
We all hear “this call may be recorded for training purposes,” but rarely do we
wonder what that entails. Turns out, these recordings may be used for training
purposes, if a customer is aggrieved, but most of the time, they go into the
database for an NLP system to learn from and improve in the future. Automated
systems direct customer calls to a service representative or online chatbots, which
respond to customer requests with helpful information. This is a NLP practice that
many companies, including large telecommunications providers have put to use.
NLP also enables computer-generated language close to the voice of a human.
Phone calls to schedule appointments like an oil change or haircut can be
automated, as evidenced by this video showing Google Assistant making a hair
appointment.
Data analysis
Natural language capabilities are being integrated into data analysis workflows as
more BI vendors offer a natural language interface to data visualizations. One
example is smarter visual encodings, offering up the best visualization for the right
task based on the semantics of the data. This opens up more opportunities for
people to explore their data using natural language statements or question
fragments made up of several keywords that can be interpreted and assigned a
meaning. Applying language to investigate data not only enhances the level of
accessibility, but lowers the barrier to analytics across organizations, beyond the
expected community of analysts and software developers.
Text analytics
Text analytics converts unstructured text data into meaningful data for analysis
using different linguistic, statistical, and machine learning techniques. While
sentiment analysis sounds daunting to brands--especially if they have a large
customer base--a tool using NLP will typically scour customer interactions, such as
social media comments or reviews, or even brand name mentions to see what’s
being said. Analysis of these interactions can help brands determine how well a
marketing campaign is doing or monitor trending customer issues before they
decide how to respond or enhance service for a better customer experience.
Additional ways that NLP helps with text analytics are keyword extraction and
finding structure or patterns in unstructured text data. There are vast applications
of NLP in the digital world and this list will grow as businesses and industries
embrace and see its value. While a human touch is important for more intricate
communications issues, NLP will improve our lives by managing and automating
smaller tasks first and then complex ones with technology innovation.
3. Expert Systems − There are some applications which integrate machine,
software, and special information to impart reasoning and advising. They
provide explanation and advice to the users.
The expert system is a part of AI, and the first ES was developed in the year 1970,
which was the first successful approach of artificial intelligence. It solves the most
complex issue as an expert by extracting the knowledge stored in its knowledge
base. The system helps in decision making for complex problems using both facts
and heuristics like a human expert. It is called so because it contains the expert
knowledge of a specific domain and can solve any complex problem of that
particular domain. These systems are designed for a specific domain, such
as medicine, science, etc.
o Advising: It is capable of advising the human being for the query of any
domain from the particular ES.
o Provide decision-making capabilities: It provides the capability of decision
making in any domain, such as for making any financial decision, decisions in
medical science, etc.
o Demonstrate a device: It is capable of demonstrating any new products
such as its features, specifications, how to use that product, etc.
o Problem-solving: It has problem-solving capabilities.
o Explaining a problem: It is also capable of providing a detailed description
of an input problem.
o Interpreting the input: It is capable of interpreting the input given by the
user.
o Predicting results: It can be used for the prediction of a result.
o Diagnosis: An ES designed for the medical field is capable of diagnosing a
disease without using multiple components as it already contains various
inbuilt medical tools.
Speech Recognition in AI
Speech recognition is a significant part of artificial intelligence (AI). AI is a machine’s
ability to mimic human behavior and learn from its environment. Speech
recognition enables computers to “understand” what people are saying, which
allows them to process information faster and more accurately.
Speech recognition is also used in voice assistants like Siri and Alexa, which allow
users to interact with computers using natural language.
Recognizing the words in the user’s speech. This step requires training the model to
identify each word in your vocabulary.
Converting those words into text. This step involves converting recognized words
into letters or numbers (called phonemes) so that other parts of the AI system can
process them.
Determining what was said. Next, AI looks at which words were spoken most often
and how frequently they were used together to determine their meaning (this
process is known as “predictive modeling”).
Parsing out commands from the rest of your speech (also known as
disambiguation).
Call Centers
Speech recognition is one of the most popular uses of speech AI in call centers. This
technology allows you to listen to what customers are saying and then use that
information to respond appropriately.
You can also use speech recognition technology for voice biometrics, which means
using voice patterns as proof of identity or authorization for access or services
without relying on passwords or other traditional methods like fingerprints or eye
scans. This can eliminate issues like forgotten passwords or compromised security
codes in favor of something more secure: your voice!
Banking
Banking and financial institutions are using speech AI to help customers with their
queries. For example, you can ask a bank about your account balance or the
current interest rate on your savings account. This cuts down on time it takes for
customer service representatives to answer questions they would typically have to
research, which means quicker response times and better customer service.
Telecommunications
Speech-enabled AI is a technology that’s gaining traction in the telecommunications
industry. Speech recognition technology enables calls to be analyzed and managed
more efficiently. This allows agents to focus on their highest-value tasks to deliver
better customer service.
Customers can now interact with businesses in real-time 24/7 via voice or text
messaging, which makes them feel more connected with the company and
improves their overall experience.
Healthcare
Speech AI is a technology that’s being used in many different areas. Healthcare is
one of the most important, as it can help doctors and nurses better care for their
patients. Voice-activated devices allow patients to communicate with doctors,
nurses, and other healthcare professionals without using their hands or typing on a
keyboard.
Doctors can use speech AI to help patients understand their feelings and why they
feel that way. It’s much easier than having them read through a brochure or
pamphlet—and it’s more engaging. Speech AI can also take down patient histories
and help with medical transcriptions.)
(ex. Sophia has been embedded with neural networks and artificial intelligence to
recognize human faces and understand their gestures and emotions. She can also
interact with different people and also respond appropriately)
8. AI in Ecommerce:
With such innovation, businesses can offer more value to their customers by
providing their desired products and delivering them on time through reliable
means. AI can also enable e-commerce businesses to gain a competitive advantage
by incorporating better and increasing customer loyalty.
Whether you are an eCommerce business owner looking into how your company
can benefit from such technological advancement or a consumer wondering how AI
can improve your online shopping, this article can be for you.
Applications of AI in eCommerce
Adopting AI can make your business operations more efficient with the following
applications:
Utilizing this tool can go a long way in ensuring your customers are attended to
24/7, even when there aren’t live agents present to answer queries. This can come
in handy since a buyer’s decision to purchase a product or avail themselves of a
service might be affected by the time they wait for responses. Some prefer instant
answers to their queries to help them decide whether to order a good or not.
Product descriptions give customers more information about the product and why
they’re worth buying. A well-written one is critical to your business as it can act as a
shop assistant for your customers. It can confirm whether the features of the
product they intend to purchase match what they’re looking for.
AI has made this task simple for business owners. Such a solution enables
eCommerce businesses to generate unique and dynamic product descriptions
automatically and within a short period. This is less time-consuming and more
efficient, unlike the conventional way of writing a compelling product description,
which can take a while.
Apart from the many products that e-commerce websites sell, they also have to
deal with and organize a lot of data daily. This includes managing your product
database and information such as:
Manually monitoring and assessing these data can be tedious and not to mention
prone to human errors, and that’s where artificial intelligence comes into play.
Aside from collecting and arranging records in an organized and structured format,
AI can also make it more insightful.
This makes it easier for business owners to understand how their company is
performing, allowing them to make the necessary decisions for areas that need
improvement. Such insight could also give them an in-depth overview of the
customer purchasing patterns, enabling them to create personalized
recommendations for each user.
The eCommerce industry involves buying and selling goods, with transactions
occurring online. While convenient, this can also attract hackers and cybercriminals.
When this happens, sensitive personal information of your customers could be
stolen and leaked, which can put them at risk. This could also stain the reputation
of your online business and hurt your success.
5. Sales Forecasting
eCommerce businesses can predict and generate accurate forecasting of future
sales and market trends using AI. This is possible through the use of:
Data analysis
Studying previous and current e-commerce trends
Looking at historical data
Such an analysis can equip business owners with the data they need to boost their
operations. It can also give them insights, allowing them to maximize the allocation
of resources to different segments in the company to help it thrive and drive an
increase in sales and revenue volume.
Apart from selling quality products and ensuring a smooth buying process, artificial
intelligence has also enabled eCommerce businesses to provide efficient after-sale
services to their customers. Thus, after a customer makes a purchase, they can:
Access an automatic form where they can write feedback and comments
Ask for directives on how to use a product
Request for replacement if they find that the item they bought has defects
Get goods delivered to their doorstep
The more the eCommerce business is concerned with the well-being of its buyers,
the more it can increase their loyalty, which can translate to more sales.
If an eCommerce website has many negative comments, this can scare the
customer away. There are occasions in which people with ill motives forge these
reviews to make the business lose its customers, reduce its sales volume, and
operate at a loss.
And since the customer may not know or deal with the seller directly when
purchasing a product online, there’s a high likelihood that they’ll believe any
comment on the reviews plus the ratings.
Artificial Intelligence, fortunately, has a feature to help tackle or handle any fake
reviews that’ll negatively influence the customer’s decision to buy. It can detect fake
identifications and help e-commerce businesses remove them from their websites.
Ultimately, only genuine and legit comments from real customers will remain on
the e-commerce site.
1. Voice Search
In today’s modern era, voice assistants have become popular. People can use their
voice to ask for relevant information on the internet, schedule a meeting and even
ask for the location of different places.
And so, a voice assistant can be helpful in eCommerce shopping because you can
quickly place your orders using your voice. You’ll spend less time adding items to
your online cart, making the online shopping experience more convenient.
2. Giving Recommendations
Artificial intelligence can also be used to recommend products that you should buy.
For instance, if you’re searching for a particular item on an eCommerce website,
you’ll be able to see other similar items to what you’re looking for.
The algorithm that AI uses can be able to predict your needs and behavior as a
buyer based on:
Have you ever had a picture of an item you’d like to purchase but don’t know its
name or which brand it is from? You need not worry. Artificial intelligence has made
things more manageable through a feature called the image search option.
With this, you only need to copy and paste the image on the search bar to get
results. The feature that makes this possible is the image recognition software. It
can identify if there are any similar images on the internet and specific eCommerce
website to the photo you’ve searched for. Therefore, you don’t have to go through
the hassle of knowing and using keyword searches.
Conclusion
Artificial intelligence has indeed proven its value in almost all areas of our lives.
They can make life easier and enhance the efficiency and productivity of
companies.
9. AI in Healthcare:
Healthcare is one of the most critical sectors in the broader landscape of big data
because of its fundamental role in a productive, thriving society. The application of
AI to healthcare data can literally be a matter of life and death. AI can assist
doctors, nurses, and other healthcare workers in their daily work. AI in healthcare
can enhance preventive care and quality of life, produce more accurate diagnoses
and treatment plans, and lead to better patient outcomes overall. AI can also
predict and track the spread of infectious diseases by analyzing data from a
government, healthcare, and other sources. As a result, AI can play a crucial role in
global public health as a tool for combatting epidemics and pandemics.
Applications of AI in Healthcare
Chatbots
Artificial Intelligence has the power to increase primary care and triage via
chatbots. Chatbots offer immediate conversational responses and
connecting becomes quite simple for patients. They can save money on
avoidable trips to the medical practitioner. When executed effectively,
chatbots can even aid healthcare providers to exceed patients’ expectations
while improving patient outcomes. As chatbots adopt an all-in-one
communication approach, they encourage patients to share their health
information proactively, enabling medical practitioners to hone patient care
quality, mitigate costs, and boost patient satisfaction. AI thus enables smooth
flow and automation of primary care, leaving doctors to focus more on
critical and dreadful cases. Besides, AI solutions in healthcare are taking a
more humanized approach. Digital human platforms, equipped with
integrations into IBM, Amazon, Google, and Microsoft, enable healthcare
providers to create and deploy digital-human employees with much ease.
Hospitals could thus leverage digital humans as health assistants to provide
empathetic, 24/7 aid to patients.
Robotic Surgeries
Precision Medicine
***
Examples of AI: