Aryans

• They lived on the land of seven river – Sapt Saindharva

• According to

person Place
Max Muller Central Asia
Dayanand Saraswati Tibet
Bal Gangadhar Tilak Arctic Region
Bhagwan Das Didwani India
• Rivers

Present Older

Indus Sindhu

Chenab Askini

Jhelum Vitasta

Ravi Parushim

Beas Vipasa

Satluj Satudari

Saraswati Sursati
 Literary Sources
• Puranic Literature
1. 18 main Puranas
2. 18 Subsidiary puranas
• Epics
1. Ramayana (Valmiki)
2. Mahabharata (Vyas) (Bharata) (Satasahasri
Samhita)
• Vedanga (6 limb of vedas)
1. Siksha (phonetics)
2. Kalpa (rituals)
3. Vyakarna (grammar)
4. Nirukta (etymology)
5. Chhanda (metrics)
6. Jyotisha (astronomy)
• Archaeological depatments

name Contains

Palaeography Development of scripts

Epigraphy Inscriptions

Numismatics Coins

Archeaology Monuments, material remains

 600 B.C. Period
In this period their was an
emergence of Mahajanpada,
Buddhism, Jainism, currency, gotra,
urbanisation.
• First time mention of
Mahajanapada – “Angutara
Nikaya”.
• 15 were located in North India
• Only Ashmaka Mahajanapada
was located south of Narmada
River.
• Total 16 Mahajanapadas
 • Buddhism • Age 29 he saw
• Buddha means the enlightened one ➢An old man
• Founder Siddhartha Gautam, born in Circa 563
BCE ➢A sick man
• royal family of Sakya clan who ruled from ➢A dead body
Kapilvastu, in Lumbini
➢An ascetic
• Father – Suddhodhana
• Decided to leave home (Mahabhishkramana
• Mother – Mahamaya
or the great renunciation)
• Step Mother – Mahaprajapati Gautami
• He wandered for six years
• Wife – Yasodara
• Attained Nirvana or enlightenment in
• Son – Rahula
Bodhgaya on the bank pf Niranjna river
• Chariot – Channa
under Pepal tree (Bodhi tree)
• Teachers – Alara Kalam, Uddaka Ramaputta
• Then went to Rishipattan, Sarnath (Benaras)
• Last disciple – Subhada
to preach his first sermon
• Died – Kushinagar (Mahaparinirvana) (Dharmachakraprivartan or turning of the
wheel of the law)