INSTRUMENTAL

MUSIC
Group 2
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
Instrumental music is simply music that doesn’t
contain any words or vocals. Typically, instrumental
music includes just the sound(s) of one or more
instruments being played.

PROMINENT ERAS
Baroque Romantiko
Klasiko Moderno
Baroque
Derived from the Portuguese barroco, or “oddly shaped
pearl,” the term “baroque” has been widely used since the
nineteenth century to describe the period in Western
European art music from about 1600 to 1750.

Baroque music, influenced by Renaissance ideas from

ancient Greece and Rome, emphasized music's potency as
a communication tool. Composers' livelihoods were often
determined by patronage, with musical needs dictated by
the institution's musical needs.
Baroque Composers
Antonio Vivaldi
Italian composer and violinist who
left a decisive mark on the form of
the concerto and the style of late
Baroque instrumental music.
One of the masterpiece of Vivaldi
was “The Four Seasons” consists of
only twelve violins, four violas, three
cellos, and double bass and a
harpsichord.
Baroque Composers
Johann Sebastian Bach
was music's most sublime creative genius.
Bach was a German composer, organist,
harpsichordist, violist, and violinist of the
Baroque Era. One of his works was Mass in B
Minor were instruments used are the following:
-Strings (violins, violas, cellos, and double
basses)
-Woodwinds (flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons)
-Brass (trumpets, horns, trombones, and
timpani)
Baroque Composers
George Frideric Handel
a German-British Baroque composer well
known for his operas, oratorios, anthems,
concerti grossi, and organ concertos.
He wrote the most famous of all
oratorios, Messiah (1741). Handel used the
forces of a typical baroque ensemble:
strings, oboes, trumpets, timpani, and
basso continuo. The continuo group
consists of harpsichord, cello, and bassoon
and provides the pulse and temporal
undercurrent of the work.
Baroque Composers
Franz Schubert
Austrian composer who bridged
the worlds of Classical and
Romantic music, noted for the
melody and harmony His one of
the works was Ave Maria with
different arrangements including
for violin and guitar, string quartet,
piano solo, cello, and even
trombones.
Baroque Composers
Johann Pachelbel
German composer known for
his works for organ and one of the
great organ masters of the
generation.
His famous work is Canon n D
Major that was written with three
violins, cello, harpsichord.
Klasiko/Classic
Classical music is a genre written in Europe
around 1750 to 1830 that is characterized by its
elegance, balance, and homophonic textures.
Classic Composers
Joseph Haydn
Franz Joseph Haydn was an Austrian
composer of the Classical period. His
contributions to musical form have led
him to be called "Father of the Symphony"
and "Father of the String Quartet".
One of his works was Sonata in C
Major. It is a piece for solo instrument,
almost always solo piano, or a duet
between piano and solo instrument,
usually a violin or cello.
Classic Composers
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
was one of the most influential, popular
and prolific composers of the classical
period. He composed over 600 works,
including some of the most famous and
loved pieces of symphonic, chamber,
operatic, and choral music. One of his
composition is Piano Concerto No. 21. The
concerto is scored for solo piano, flute, two
oboes, two bassoons, two horns in C, two
trumpets in C, timpani and strings.
Classic Composers
Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German
composer and pianist. He is widely
recognized as one of the greatest
composers of the Western European
music tradition. Moonlight Sonata (one
of his composition), solo piano,
admired particularly for its mysterious,
gently arpeggiated, and seemingly
improvised first movement.
Romantiko/Romantic
is a term denoting an era of Western classical
music that began in the late 18th or early 19th
century. It was related to Romanticism, the European
artistic and literary movement that arose in the
second half of the 18th century, and Romantic music
in particular dominated the Romantic movement in
Germany.
Romantic Composers
Carl Maria von Weber
German composer, conductor,
virtuoso pianist, guitarist, and critic of
the early Romantic period. He is best
remembered for his wonderful,
virtuosic compositions for clarinet and
for setting the standard for German
romantic operas. Weber's one of the
most notable works were Oberon.
Romantic Composers
Frederic Chopin
Polish composer and pianist of Romantic
period, known for solo piano, has worldwide
renown for his poetic genius and exceptional
professional technique. Nocturnes in B flat
minor and E flat is one of his famous
composition that uses in Orchestration of 3
flutes (3rd = piccolo), 2 oboes, English horn, 2
clarinets, 3 bassoons, 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3
trombones, tuba, timpani, percussion (cymbals,
snare drum), 2 harps, strings, and women's
chorus.
Romantic Composers
Robert Schumann
Schumann, a renowned German
composer, pianist, and music critic, is
considered one of the greatest Romantic
composers. He left law to pursue virtuoso
piano career. Schumann's Final Piece: The
'Ghost' Variations. There's a special
poignancy to Schumann's
Geistervariationen (“Ghost Variations”).
Dedicated to his beloved wife Clara.
Romantic Composers
Franz Liszt
Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist,
conductor, and teacher of the Romantic
period. Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 is one
of his most widely beloved pieces.
Inspired by the folk music that he heard
growing up in Hungary. It uses piano in C
-Sharp Minor.
Romantic Composers
Richard Wagner
German composer, theatre director,
polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly
known for his operas.
The Flying Dutchman on of his works,
is scored for the following instruments:
piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes (one doubling
cor anglais), 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons. 4
horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, bass
tuba. timpani.
Romantic Composers
Jacques Offenbach
composer who created a type of light
burlesque French comic opera known as
the opérette, which became one of the
most characteristic artistic products of
the period.
One of the most famous work of
Offenbach was Orphée aux enfers uses
2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoon, 2
horns, 2 trumpets, timpani, percussion, 2
violin, viola,violoncello and contrabass.
Romantic Composers
Johannes Brahms
German composer and pianist of the Romantic
period, who wrote symphonies, concerti,
chamber music, piano works, choral
compositions, and more than 200 songs. Brahms
was the great master of symphonic and sonata
style in the second half of the 19th century. His
last work, written in the wake of Clara
Schumann's funeral in 1896, was a set of eleven
chorale preludes for organ, ending with 'O Welt,
ich muss dich lassen' ('O world, I must leave
you').
Romantic Composers
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
the most popular Russian composer of all
time. His music has always had great appeal for
the general public in virtue of its tuneful, open-
hearted melodies, impressive harmonies, and
colourful, picturesque orchestration, all of
which evoke a profound emotional response.
His famous piece is The 1812 Overture that uses
flutes, piccolo, 2 oboes, English horn, 2 clarinets,
2 bassoons, 4 horns, 4 trumpets, 3 trombones,
tuba, bass drum, cymbals, snare drum, triangle,
tambourine, chimes, cannon, timpani, strings.
Romantic Composers
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
Russian composer, a member of the group of
composers known as The Five. He was a master of
orchestration. One of his famous composition was
“The snow Maiden”. The Snow Maiden is scored
for solo voices, mixed chorus, and a large theatre
orchestra comprising piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes,
English horn (ad lib.), 2 clarinets (in A, B-flat, C), 2
bassoons + 4 horns (in F), 2 trumpets (in D, F), 3
trombones, tuba + 3 timpani, triangle,
tambourine, military drum, cymbals, bass drum +
harp, violins I, violins II, violas, cellos, and double
basses.
Romantic Composers
Richard Strauss
German composer and conductor best
known for his tone poems and operas.
Considered a leading composer of the
late Romantic and early modern eras.
Sprach Zarathustra was his famous
composition.
 The work is orchestrated for piccolo, 3 flutes
(3rd doubling piccolo), 3 oboes, English horn,
clarinet in E-flat, 2 clarinets in B-flat, bass clarinet
in B-flat, 3 bassoons, contrabassoon, 6 horns in F
and E, 4 trumpets in C and E, 3 trombones, 2
tubas, timpani, bass drum, cymbals, triangle,
glockenspiel, bell on low E, organ, and strings: 2
harps, violins I, II (16 each), violas (12), cellos (12),
and double basses (8) (with low B string).
 Moderno/Modern
The modern era of western musical history took place
from approximately 1900 to 1960. Modern music often
relies on electronic instruments, such as synthesisers,
drum machines, and electric guitars, to create a
contrasting atmosphere. Electronic instruments can
produce a wider range of sounds and have the ability of
effects such as reverb, allowing modern music to be
more experimental and
dynamic.
Modern Composers
Claude Debussy
French composer most famous for his
piano and orchestral music. Works like Clair
de Lune have become piano standards
while La Mer, with its unusual use of
instruments and impressionistic use of
waves of sounds instead of melodies.
Modern Composers
Arnold Schoenberg
Austrian composer and painter. His
music in the late nineteenth century and
the early twentieth century was of
profound importance, for he developed
the highly celebrated twelve-tone
technique. Moses und Aron, his famous
work which Schoenberg worked on
between 1930 and 1932.
The work is scored for the following orchestra:
woodwind: 3 flutes (2nd and 3rd doubling on piccolo), 3 oboes, English
horn, 3 clarinets (3rd doubling on sopranino clarinet), bass clarinet, 3
bassoons (3rd doubling on contrabassoon);
brass: 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, bass tuba;
percussion: timpani, glockenspiel, xylophone, flexatone, bells in A, B flat, f
and c', bass drum, cymbals, tam-tam, gong, big tenor drum, small drum,
tambourine, ratchet, bells of undefined pitch;
Other: 2 mandolins, celesta, piano, harp, strings;
On-stage: English horn, horn, 2 trumpets, 2 trombones, 2 mandolins, 2
guitars (T. 929–957), bass drum – more thuds, cymbals, sleigh bells, gongs
in various pitches (T. 1084–1098 and T. 1102–1127), 3 clarinets, 3 horns or
3 bassoons (T. 1082–1128);
Behind the stage: piccolo, flute, clarinet, trombone, timpani, xylophone,
2–4 mandolins, piano
Modern Composers
Maurice Ravel
Joseph Maurice Ravel was a French
composer, pianist and conductor. He is
often associated with Impressionism
along with his elder contemporary
Claude Debussy. Boléro is Ravel's most
famous composition and one of the most
frequently performed works of the 20th
century.
INSTRUMENTATION:
2 flutes and piccolo
2 oboes (2nd doubling oboe d'amore) andEnglish horn
2 clarinets, high clarinet in E-flat, bass clarinet,
2 bassoons and contrabassoon,
3 saxophones (sopranino, soprano, alto),
4 horns,
4 trumpets,
3 trombones,
bass tuba,
timpani,
2 snare drums,
cymbals,
tam-tam,
celesta,
harp, and
strings.
Modern Composers
Philip Glass
American composer and pianist. He is
widely regarded as one of the most
influential composers of the late 20th
century. Glass's work has been
associated with minimalism, being built
up from repetitive phrases and shifting
layers. His famous work was
Metamorphosis which is from solo
piano.
Modern Composers
John Cage
American composer and music theorist. A
pioneer of indeterminacy in music,
electroacoustic music, and non-standard
use of musical instruments. He is perhaps
best known for his 1952 composition 4”33”.
It quickly became one of the most
controversial musical works of the 20th
century because it consisted of silence or,
more precisely, ambient sound—what Cage
called “the absence of intended sounds.”
Modern Intruments
Thank you!!