MTPMLSP111_: PRINCIPLES OF MED LAB SCIENCE PRACTICE 1
LESSON 5: Medical Technology/Clinical Laboratory Science Education
1st SEMESTER | S.Y. 2023-2024
:LECTURER: SIR OJ GARCIA
:
OUTLINE
3.1 Definition of the Curriculum
3.2 Medical Technology Curriculum
3.3 General Education Courses
3.4 Professional Courses
3.5 Research Courses
3.6 Clinical Internship Training
3.7 Licensure Examination
3.8 Program Goals and Learning Objectives
3.9 Assessment
3.9 Job Opportunities
3.1 Definition of the Curriculum
Curriculum
❖ Latin word: currere = to run
❖ Is systematic and organized
❖ Explicitly states outcomes (knowledge, skills) the
learners/students have to achieve and learn through
the use of planned instructional processes and other
learning implements in a specific period
❖ Consists of a planned process of measurement,
assessment, and evaluation to gauge student learning
❖ Is designed for students
Curriculum by glossary of educational reforms
❖ Refers to the knowledge and skills the students are
expected to learn, which include the learning
standards or objectives they are expected to meet.
curriculum
❖ Refers to the means and materials with which
students interact for the purpose of achieving
identified educational outcomes.
John Dewey
❖ Continuous reconstruction, moving from the child’s
present experience out into that represented by the
organized bodies of truth that we call studies...
studies... are themselves experience – they are that of
the race.
BY: DESTACAMENTO, L.G. | 1MT01
3.2 Medical Technology
:
Curriculum
Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
❖ Established May 18, 1994
❖ RA 7722 – Higher Education Act of 1992
❖ Government agency under the Office of the President
of the Philippines
❖ Covers institutions of higher education both public and
private
❖ Under CHED is the Technical Committee for Medical
Technology Education (TCMTE)
o Composed of leading academicians and
practitioners responsible for assisting the
Commission
o Sets standards and monitors institutions offering
BSMT/BSMLS
❖ CHED Memorandum Order (CMO) No. 13, series of
2017
o 1 unit lecture = 1 hour of class every week
o 1 unit laboratory = 3 hours of class every week
Bsmt/bsmls
❖ 4-year program
❖ General education and professional courses = expected
to complete within the first three years
❖ Internship training = fourth year
o This is under CHED-accredited training
laboratories affiliated with their
college/department
3.3 General Education Courses
❖ Aim to develop humane individuals that have a deeper
sense of self and acceptance of others.
❖ The general courses included in the new CMO:
1. Understanding the Self
2. Readings in Philippines History
3. The Contemporary World
4. Mathematics in the Modern World
5. Purposive Communication
6. The Life and Works of Rizal
7. Science, Technology, and Society
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 MTPMLSP111_: PRINCIPLES OF MED LAB SCIENCE PRACTICE 1
LESSON 5: Medical Technology/Clinical Laboratory Science Education
1st SEMESTER | S.Y. 2023-2024 BY: DESTACAMENTO, L.G. | 1MT01
:LECTURER: SIR OJ GARCIA

:
8. Art Appreciation ❖ Surgery, : biopsy, autopsy for macro & microscopic
9. Ethics examination
❖ Tests students perform:
• Tissue processing
3.4 Professional Courses • Cutting
• Staining
1. Principles of Medical Laboratory Science 1:
• Mounting of stained tissue for microscopic
Introduction to Medical Laboratory Science,
examination
Laboratory Safety, and Waste Management
• Performing biosafety and waste
❖ Deals with basic concepts related to Medical
management
Technology/Medical Laboratory Science
7. Clinical Bacteriology
profession
❖ Study of physiology and morphology of bacteria,
❖ Emphasizes on:
role in infection and immunity
• Curriculum
❖ Specimen collection, isolation and identification of
• Practice of profession
bacteria
• Clinical laboratories
❖ Antimicrobial susceptibility
• Continuing professional education ❖ Tests students perform:
• Biosafety practices • Preparation of culture media/bacterial smear
• Waste management • Collection of specimen
2. Principles of Medical Laboratory Science 2: Clinical • Staining smear
Laboratory Assistance and Phlebotomy
• Inoculation of specimen on culture media
❖ Clinical Laboratory Assistance- concepts and
• Characterization of colonies of bacteria
principles of the different assays performed in the
growing in culture media
clinical laboratory.
• Performing different biochemical tests for
❖ Phlebotomy- blood collection, transport, and
identification of bacteria
processing.
• Biosafety and waste management
❖ Study of pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic
• Quality assurance and quality control
variables that affect reliability of test results
• Antimicrobial susceptibility testing
3. Community and Public Health for MT/MLS
8. Clinical Parasitology
❖ Foundations of community health:
❖ Study of animal parasites in human and medical
• Human ecology
significance
• Demography
❖ Pathophysiology, epidemiology, life cycle,
• Epidemiology
prevention and control, identification of ova/adult
❖ Immersion and interaction of students with people
worms
in community
❖ Tests students perform:
4. Cytogenetics
• Microscopic identification
❖ Concepts & principles of heredity and inheritance
• Preparation of smears for microscopic
• Genetic phenomena
examination
• Sex determination
9. Immunohematology and Blood Bank
• Genetic defects/disorders involving
❖ Inheritance, characterization and identification of
chromosomes and nucleic acids (DNA &
red cell antigens and corresponding antibodies
RNA)
❖ Transfusion medicine and reactions
❖ Application to medical science
❖ Tests students perform:
5. Human Histology
• ABO and Rh typing
❖ Study of fundamental of cells, tissues and organs
• Coombs test (direct and indirect Coombs)
❖ Microscopic identification and differentiation of
• Blood donation process
cells that make up the systems of the body
• Compatibility Testing
6. Histopathologic Techniques and Cytology
❖ Basic concepts and principles of disease processes, • Transfusion reaction work-up
etiology, and development of anatomic, • Preparation of RBC suspension
microscopic changes brought by diseases

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 MTPMLSP111_: PRINCIPLES OF MED LAB SCIENCE PRACTICE 1
LESSON 5: Medical Technology/Clinical Laboratory Science Education
1st SEMESTER | S.Y. 2023-2024 BY: DESTACAMENTO, L.G. | 1MT01
:LECTURER: SIR OJ GARCIA

:
10. Mycology and Virology ❖ Formation,
: laboratory analyses, disease processes,
❖ Study of fungi and viruses clinical correlation
❖ Emphasizes on: ❖ Tests students perform:
• Epidemiology • Routine urinalysis
• Laboratory identification and • Special chemical examination of urine
characterization • Examination of other body fluids
• Prevention and control • Pregnancy tests
11. Laboratory Management (Quality Assurance in Clinical • Chemical examination of stool specimens
Laboratory) 16. Clinical Chemistry 1
❖ Concepts of laboratory management: ❖ Principles of physiologically active soluble
• Planning substances and waste materials in blood
• Organizing ❖ Clinical correlation with pathologic conditions
• Staffing ❖ Tests students perform:
• Directing • Instrumentation and automation
• Controlling • QA and QC
❖ Solving problems, QA and QC, policy and • Glucose determination
procedure manuals • Lipid testing
12. Medical Technology Laws and Bioethics • Renal function tests
❖ Laws and administrative orders • Protein testing
❖ Bioethics • Biosafety and waste management
o Study of ethics applied to healthcare 17. Clinical Chemistry 2
o Code of ethics ❖ Continuation of Clinical Chemistry 1
13. Hematology 1 ❖ Study of endocrine glands, hormones and their
❖ Study of concepts of blood as tissue formation
❖ Tests students perform: ❖ Therapeutic drug monitoring
• CBC ❖ Tests students perform:
• Hematocrit blood test • Bilirubin tests
• Platelet count • Clinical enzymology
• Preparation of blood smear and staining • Electrolytes testing
• Red cell morphology • Hormone testing
• Erythrocyte sedimentation rate • Drug tests
• Fragility test 18. Seminars 1 and 2
• Erythrocyte indices ❖ 4th year with internship
• Reticulocyte count ❖ Current laboratory analyses used in practice
• Instrumentation 19. Molecular Biology and Diagnostics
• Osmotic fragility test ❖ Nucleic acid and protein molecule interaction
• Quality assurance and quality control within the cell
• Biosafety and waste management ❖ Molecular mechanisms of DNA replication, repair,
14. Hematology 2 transcription, translation, protein synthesis and
❖ Principles of hemostasis and abnormalities gene regulation
involving RBC, WBC and platelets ❖ Application of molecular techniques as tools in
❖ Tests students perform: diagnosis of diseases
• Identification of abnormal RBC and WBC ❖
• Special staining techniques
• Coagulation factor tests
3.5 Research Courses
• Instrumentation
Research courses required in BSMT/BSMLS program:
15. Clinical Microscopy
❖ Study of urine and other body fluids (excluding 1.Research 1: Introduction to Laboratory Science
blood) Research
❖ Basic concepts and ethical principles applied in MT/CLS

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 MTPMLSP111_: PRINCIPLES OF MED LAB SCIENCE PRACTICE 1
LESSON 5: Medical Technology/Clinical Laboratory Science Education
1st SEMESTER | S.Y. 2023-2024 BY: DESTACAMENTO, L.G. | 1MT01
:LECTURER: SIR OJ GARCIA

:
2. Research 2: Research Paper Writing and Presentation : for Medical Technology/MLS
❖ Methodology, writing in a proper format, publication,
presentation of completed research in a formal forum ❖ Under the PRC
❖ Tasked to prepare and administer the written licensure
examinations for graduates
❖ Composed of:
3.6 Clinical Internship Training ➢ Chairperson (Pathologist)
➢ 2 Members (RMT)
❖ 4th year
*all members of the PRB are required to be
❖ Physical and laboratory examinations:
holders of PRC licenses
• CBC
• Urinalysis Licensure examination
• Fecalysis
• Xray and/or sputum microscopy ❖ Medical Technologist Licensure Examination is given
• Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG) and Hepatitis twice a year, on the months of March and August
B surface antibody HBsAb screening ❖ The courses included in the licensure examination and
• Drug test their corresponding weights are as follows:

*Proof of vaccination is also required Clinical Chemistry 20%

Microbiology and 20%
❖ 6 months or one year rotation Parasitology
❖ Intern is required to render 32 hours of duty per week Hematology 20%
o Not exceeding a total of 1,664 hours in one year Blood Banking and 20%
Immunology and Serology
Clinical Microscopy 10%
Histopathologic 10%
Techniques
(MTLaws and Bioethics and Laboratory Management –
not written in R.A. 5527, but are now included in the
board exam)

❖ To pass the exam:

3.7 Licensure Examination
Medical technologist licensure examination
❖ Conducted in order to identify graduates who possess
the basic qualifications or the minimum conceptual
skills and technical competencies to perform with
minimum errors
o GWA of 75%
o No rating below 50% in any major courses
o Pass in at least 60% of courses computed
according to their relative weights
❖ If examinee is 21 years old and above = Certificate of
Registration and PRC license
❖ If below 21 years old = will only register as a
professional once turned 21
❖ If an examinee failed to pass three times = enrol in a
refresher course before retaking the examination
❖ If GWA is 70-74% = may apply for Medical Laboratory
Technician certification

Professional regulation commission (PRC)
❖ Government agency under the Office of the president
of the Philippines
❖ Tasked to administer licensure examination to different
professionals
Professional Regulatory Board (PRB)
3.8 Program Goals and Learning Objectives
Higher educational institutions (HEIs)
❖ Must have a written document stating the program
goals, vision and mission, objectives, and learning
outcomes based on the institutions’ philosophy
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 MTPMLSP111_: PRINCIPLES OF MED LAB SCIENCE PRACTICE 1
LESSON 5: Medical Technology/Clinical Laboratory Science Education
1st SEMESTER | S.Y. 2023-2024
:LECTURER: SIR OJ GARCIA
:
Learning outcomes
❖ Define what the learner has to achieve
❖ Foundation of curriculum development and teaching
methodologies that shape a program
❖ The program outcomes of the BSMT/BSMLS degree
expect students to:
1. Demonstrate knowledge and technical skills needed to
correctly perform laboratory testing and ensure
reliability of test results
2. Be endowed with the professional attitude and values
enabling them to work with their colleagues and other
members of the health care delivery system
3. Demonstrate critical thinking and problem solving skills
when confronted with situations, problems, and
conflicts in the practice of their profession
a. Critical thinking- ability of an individual to
objectively and systematically analyze, without
bias, facts and information to come up with
reasonable decisions and to guide behavior
b. Problem solving- detailed analysis of the problem
before making a decision
c. Decision making- entails ability to gather and
synthesize facts, information and opinions about
the problem at hand
d. Corrective action- should be instituted if the
desired outcomes are not attained
4. Actively participate in self-directed life-long learning
activities to be updated with the current trends in the
profession
5. Actively participate in research and community-
oriented activities
a. Research- systematic and organized study of
materials to come up with new conclusions or to
establish facts
6. Be endowed with leadership skills
o NO ONE IS BORN A LEADER
7. Demonstrate collaboration, teamwork, integrity, and
respect when working in a multicultural environment
3.9 Assessment
assessment
❖ Inherent in a learning activity
❖ Involves a planned, systematic, and organized way of
testing, measuring, collecting, and obtaining
information to gain students’ progress against set
standards per course
BY: DESTACAMENTO, L.G. | 1MT01
❖ Ensures that
: students are on the right track toward
attaining their goals
Functions of assessment techniques
The importance of assessment for both teachers and
students can be seen in the following purposes:
1. Provides feedback on the progress of students
2. It identifies the flaws in the psychomotor skills and
deficiencies in the theoretical knowledge and
conceptual skills of the student
3. Serves as a diagnostic tool to determine the capabilities
of a student to that the teacher can prepare additional
exercises and activities to address his or her needs
during the assessment
4. Serves as a motivation to further improve a student’s
skill set in a particular area
5. Provides information on student’s response to a
particular learning strategy which serves as a basis for
retaining or changing a strategy
6. Provides information to the teacher if there is need to
improve teaching and learning strategies
7. Determines the demonstratable changes in the attitude
and behavior of students
8. Determines whether learning has taken place
Types of assessment
1. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
❖ W. James Popham (2008) – “Assessment-elicited
evidence of students’ status is used by teachers to
adjust their ongoing instructional procedures or
by students to adjust their current learning
tactics.”
❖ Done during/within the instructional process of a
course
❖ Determine whether a student is achieving the
outcomes of the topic being discussed
❖ Used by the teacher to gain feedback for the
improvement of their instruction
❖ Examples:
• Quizzes
• Short-answer questions
• Reflection papers
2. SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
❖ Assessment of learning
❖ Done at the end of instruction, grading period, or
comprehensive exam
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 MTPMLSP111_: PRINCIPLES OF MED LAB SCIENCE PRACTICE 1
LESSON 5: Medical Technology/Clinical Laboratory Science Education
1st SEMESTER | S.Y. 2023-2024 BY: DESTACAMENTO, L.G. | 1MT01
:LECTURER: SIR OJ GARCIA

:
❖ To know how well each student learned the tasks 5. :
Oral Examinations and Presentations
or how well the student attained the learning ❖ Tool that gauge competency through oral
outcomes. communication skills
❖ Example: ❖ Requires a lot of preparations
• End-of-term exams 6. Rubrics
• Research papers ❖ Tool that evaluates the work of students based on a
• Final projects particular criteria
3. DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT ❖ Communicates the standards for a particular
❖ Given prior to instruction academic task
❖ To gauge what students already know and do not ❖ A better version of a checklist rating scale
know about the topic at hand ❖ Guides students in taking note of teacher’s
expectations
❖ Provide feedback to the learners regarding their
own strengths and weaknesses
Assessment tools
❖ If the learning outcome measures:
o Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) = matching 3.10 Job Opportunities
types examination is not appropriate.
o Lower Order Thinking Skills (LOTS) = essay 1. Medical
questions are inappropriate technologist/clinical
❖ The following are some example assessment tools: laboratory scientist
MT/CLS in hospital 2. Histotechnologist
1. Teacher-made written tests 3. Researcher
or non-hospital
❖ Very popular and widely used assessment tools 4. Academe
based clinical 5. Perfusionist
❖ Include: laboratory 6. Molecular Scientist
• Quizzes
7. Diagnostic Product
• Long exams
Specialist
• Term exams 8. Public Health Practitioner
• Comprehensive exams 9. Healthcare Leader
2. Reflection papers 1. Molecular biology
❖ Requires excellent writing skills 2. Public Health and
o The ability to put ideas, facts and opinions in Epidemiology
writing in an organized, direct, and 3. Veterinary Laboratory
understandable manner. Science
Different Field of
❖ In science-based programs, it involves tackling 4. Food and Industrial
Practice for Microbiology
connection and relationship between theory and
BSMT/BSMLS 5. Veterinary Science
practice
Graduate 6. Forensic Science
3. Portfolios
7. Nuclear Medicine/Science
❖ For assessing student’s mastery of skills through a
8. Health Facility
collection of outputs
Administration and
4. Performance Tasks Management
❖ Usually given in the laboratory component of a 9. Quality Management
course
❖ Measures the attainment of psychomotor skills
❖ Examples:
• Practical exams
• Return demonstrations
• Move system
• Objective Structured Clinical Examination
(OSCE)

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