7/1/23, 5:37 AM Architecture, Harappan, Mauryan, Shunga – Satavahana, Gupta Period, Cave Architecture- Examrace

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Architecture, Harappan, Mauryan, Shunga – Satavahana, Gupta

Period, Cave Architecture
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Harappan
Drainage system

Rectangular intersecting roads

Sanitary system

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7/1/23, 5:37 AM Architecture, Harappan, Mauryan, Shunga – Satavahana, Gupta Period, Cave Architecture- Examrace

Mauryan
Monolithic Pillars

Finely carved capitols – Bull capitol and Sarnath capitol

Stupas start during this period – 4 gateways

Surface built with bricks

Viharas and Chaityas

Barabar Caves

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Shunga – Satavahana
Early classic architecture

Carved railings and gateways around Buddhist shrines

Kushans
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Sculpture developed

The emperor himself was a divine authority

Buddha was first time given a human form during this time

Gupta Period
Beginning of Hindu temples – temple at Deoghar, Udayagiri caves in Orissa

Vaishnavite temple in Vidisha

Pallavas
Mandaps, Rathas and finely carved panels and pillars

Shore temple at Mahabs is a structural temple

Ratha temple is a rock cut temple

Kanchipuram also has temples

Panels depict shiva as Nataraja

History of Pallavas

Cholas
Thanjavur Temple: 65 m tall vimana

Pillared halls and sculptures depicting Bharata՚s natyashastra

Fine paintings

Pandyas
Built high outer walls and gopuram

Their gopurams can be seen from long distances

Hoysalas
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7/1/23, 5:37 AM Architecture, Harappan, Mauryan, Shunga – Satavahana, Gupta Period, Cave Architecture- Examrace

Belur and Halebid temples

Profusion of manifold pillars with rich and intricate carvings

Panels depict gods and goddesses

Orissa Templ
Lingaraj temple

40 m high

Sun Temple

Nagara, Dravida and Vesara

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7/1/23, 5:37 AM Architecture, Harappan, Mauryan, Shunga – Satavahana, Gupta Period, Cave Architecture- Examrace

Table 1

Nagara Dravida Vesara

Temples called Combination of Dravida and Nagara

PRASADAM (Chalukyas) .

Shikhara is curvilinear Shikhara pyramidal

No role of pillar Pillar important

No tank Tank may be there

Enclosure and
No enclosure
gopuram

Vimana

Mahadeva Temple Brihadeshwara Eg Some in Khajuraho, Sirpur etc

Table of Nagara, Dravida and Vesara

Cave Architecture
Progressed in three phases

Buddhist Jain Ajivikas caves (3rd BC to 2nd AD)

Kaneri, Nashik, Udayagiri

Ajanta Ellora Cave (5th to 7th AD)

Elephanta Ellora and Mahabs (7th to 10th)

Sculpture
Two major schools

Gandhara
Greco-Roman Style

North West India

Stone and stucco

Mathura
Indigenous style

UP, Bihar

White spotted red sandstone used

Forms of Brahmanical deities crystallised for the first time in this art form

Themes of Buddha and Bodhisattvas in Both

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