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Answer

1→ 2 Constant pressure heating process in a boiler

2→ 3 - Isentropic expansion of steam in a turbine​​

34 A constant pressure, constant temperature process in a condenser

41-Reversible, adiabatic pumping of the satutated liquid to the pressure of the boiler

​The expansion of steam in turbine is isentropic.

Therefore, S2 = S3

Flow rate of steam to the turbine (kg/s) = m

At 60 bar and 700 ℃, from steam table

Specific enthalpy of steam (H2) = 3894.47 kJ/kg

Specific entropy of steam (S2) = 7.4248 kJ/kg-K

Exit pressure of steam from turbine is 3 bar

S3 = S2 = 7.4248 kJ/kg-K

At 3 bar and 7.4248 kJ/kg-K entropy, from steam table

H3 = 2920.23 kJ/kg

T3 = 226.5 ℃

Isentropic shaft work done by steam

(Ws)isentropic = mAH

(Ws)isentropic = m(H3 - H₂)

(Ws) isentropic = m(2920.23-3894.97) = -(974.74)m

Negative sign indicates work done by the steam

Actual shaft work done by steam

W₁ = n* (Ws) isentropic

Efficiency of the turbine ( \eta ) = 80 %

W₁ = 0.8 * (-974.74)m

0.8 * (-974.74)m = -500

m = 0.641 kg/s

Mass flow rate of steam (m) = 0.641*3600 = 2307.6 kg/h

There is no entropy generation in process 2 - 3

Condensation of steam occurs in process 3 - 4

Since condenser produces saturated liquid, therefore at 3 bar (saturated water condition), from
steam table

H4 = 561.45 kJ/kg

S4 = 1.6718 kJ/kg-K

Heat removed by condenser

Q_{condenser} = m\Delta H = m(H_4 - H_3)

 condenser = 0.641 (561.45-2920.23) = -1512 kW

Negative sign indicates heat is being removed from condenser

Entropy generation in process 3 - 4

S_{generation} = m(S_3 - S_4)

Sgeneration (1.67187.4248) = -5.753 kgK

Reversible, adiabatic pumping of saturated liquid occurs in process 4 - 1

This process is also isentropic, therefore there will be no entropy generation.

S1 = 1.6718 kJ/kg-K

Water from pump discharge is at 60 bar

Density of liquid at given condition ( {\rho }) = 925 kg/m3

Mass flow rate of water (m) = 0.641 kg/s

Work input to the pump

Wp = m(P₁-P₁) P W₂ 0.641 * (603) * 10³ 925 3950 W​​

Efficiency of the pump ( \eta) = 80 %

Actual work input to the pump

(Wp) Actual P 77 3950 0.8 = 4937.5 W

(Wp) Actual = 4.9375 kW

Constant pressure heating of water at 60 bar occurs in process 1 - 2

From steam table, at 60 bar and 1.6718 kJ/kg-K entropy

H1 = 567.58 kJ/kg

Heat added to the boiler

Qboiler = mΔΗ mΔΗ = m(Hy – Η.)

Qboiler= 0.641 (3894.47-567.58) = 2132.5 kW

Entropy generation in process 1 - 2

Sgeneration = S2 - $₁

Sgeneration = 7.4248 -1.6718 = 5.753 kJ kgK

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