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Sex Differences
Sex Differences
Sex Differences
5. IGF-1 has anabolic effects on tendon fibroblast production of collagen and promotes tendon repair.
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment releases IGF-1, which promotes healing in ligaments and tendons.
7. Males demonstrate exercise-induced increase in aromatase and estrogen synthesis, leading to patellar tendon hypertrophy not
seen in females.
Postmenopausal women on HRT demonstrate greater muscle strength and mass than untreated twins.
women should focus on stability exercises because high joint laxity cause high estrogen
Oral contraceptives may reduce the risk of injury in female athletes.and pain
Females are more likely to tear their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) compared to males in similar sports.
Limited movement was more prevalent in women, suggesting a female predilection for frozen shoulder. this is the reason of why
Women demonstrated greater strength in internal rotation in the seated neutral position, while external rotators showed more
Women have better endurance than men in shoulder girdle muscles, with lower ATP depletion and faster recovery capacity.
Women use increased muscle activation variability to improve fatigue, while men decrease co-activation between muscles to
increase endurance.
Female gymnasts are known to be at a higher risk for shoulder instability. in case of they trained from very young age and
estrogen is high so because this is high and I am support the quality of this informations
Females may have a larger carrying angle, which can contribute to stress injuries.
7. Stress injuries of the elbow can result in ligament damage, osteophytes, articular damage, tendonitis, ulnar neuritis, and
The valgus carrying angle of the elbow, which can be higher in females, may contribute to overuse injuries.
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Higher pelvic incidence in women, which can upset spinal balance and increase the likelihood of spondylolisthesis and scoliosis in
4. Pregnancy causes an anterior shift of the center of mass, requiring increased lumbar curvature in the female spine to
5. Breast size can affect thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis angles, with larger breast sizes associated with increased kyphosis
and lordosis.
One possible reason for females’ relative hip abductor weakness is the gender difference in bony anatomy, as females have a
Women generally have lower rates of resting fat oxidation compared to men
Skeletal muscle glycogen utilization and hepatic glucose production are lower in females during moderate and intense endurance
exercise
Sex hormones estrogen and progesterone promote glycogen sparing in females, leading to the utilization of fat as energy instead
of carbohydrates.
Estradiol, a female steroid hormone, is linked to energy metabolism and has been found to affect glycogen metabolism in animal
studies.
Glycogen utilization and loading differ between females and males, possibly due to hormonal differences and higher intramuscular
Glycerol can aid endurance athletes in hot environments by retaining water, but its use is banned by the World Anti-Doping
Agency.
Excess protein leads to deamination, where amino groups are removed from proteins.
5. Carbon-rich structures from deaminated proteins can be converted to glucose for energy or stored as fat.
6. Excess protein intake increases the need for urea excretion, leading to increased water loss and dehydration risk.
because menstrual cycle blood they need more iron and for arthritis they need more calcium and vitamin d
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