AIM:

i)To investigate the dependence, of the angle of deviation on the

angle of incidence, using a hollow prism filled one by one with
different transparent fluids.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Drawing board, white sheets of paper, hollow prism, different
liquids(water, kerosene, oil, spirit etc) drawing pins, pencil,
half metre scale, thumb pins,graph papers and a protractor.

INTRODUCTION:

In optics, a prism is a transparent optical element with flat,

polished surfaces that refract light. The exact angles between the
surfaces depend on the application. The traditional geometrical
shape is that of a triangular prism with a triangular base and
rectangular sides, and in colloquial use "prism" usually refers to
this type. Some types of the optical prism are not in fact in the
shape of geometric prisms. Prisms can be made from any material
that is transparent to the wavelengths for which they are designed.
Typical materials include glass, plastic, and fluorite.

A prism can be used to break light up into its constituent

spectral colors (the colors of the rainbow). Prisms can also be
used to reflect light or to split light into components with
different polarizations
 The Angle of Minimum Deviation:

A) Definition: The minimum value of the angle of deviation, is

called the angle of minimum deviation. It is represented by the
symbol Dm.

Explanation: For the same angle of deviation (D) there are two
values of the angle of incidence. One value equals ’i’ and the other
value equals ‘e’

As angle ‘i’ is increased from a small value, ‘e’ decreases from a

large value, and the angle of deviation decreases. When angle of
deviation is minimum (Dm), then, ‘i’ and ‘e’ becomes equal.

DIAGRAMS:
 GRAPH SHOWING VARIATION OF ANGLE OF DEVIATION

WITH ANGLE OF INCIDENCE

Dependence of the angle of deviation on the angle of incidence

using a hollow prism filled one by one, with different transparent
fluids.