ME 4301 – ADVANCED MATERIALS

ENGINEERING
ASSIGNMENT 01

NAME : PATHIRANA P.P.T.K

REG NO : EG/2019/3691
DATE : 2022/10/23
SEMESTER : 04
Contents

1. MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS ............................................................................................... 2

1.1. DEFINITION ................................................................................................................................. 2
1.2. EXAMPLES OF MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS ........................................................... 2
1.3. MECHANISM OF MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS ........................................................ 3
1.4. APPLICATIONS OF MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS .................................................... 3
2. THERMORESPONSIVE MATERIAL................................................................................................. 4
2.1. DEFINITION ................................................................................................................................. 4
2.2. EXAMPLES OF THERMORESPONSIVE MATERIALS ........................................................... 4
2.3. MECHANISM OF THERMORESPONSIVE MATERIALS ....................................................... 5
2.4. APPLICATIONS OF THERMORESPONSIVE MATERIALS ................................................... 5
3. REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................... 6

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1. MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS

1.1. DEFINITION

Materials that can convert energy between magnetic and elastic states are called magnetostrictive
materials. As a result, magnetostrictive materials and devices based on them are commonly known as
transducers.

Figure 1: Magnetostrictive Materials

1.2. EXAMPLES OF MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS

• Fe-Ga alloys
Generally used in remote cell actuation, they can be prepared using magnetron sputtering. Fe-
Ga alloys have high magnetostrictive strain at low saturation fields, low brittleness and low
brittleness.

• Fe-Co / Permendur
There is a high magnetostrictive property of these alloys at room temperature, as well as very
soft magnetic properties. Calculation of Permendur is based on the rolling method. A power
generation device and actuators can be made using these alloys.

• Fe-Al alloys / Alfer

Commercial energy harvesters also use these alloys, which are manufactured or prepared using
magnetron sputtering. Fe-Al alloys are known for their high magneto mechanical coupling
strain and low eddy current losses.

• Fe-Ni / Permalloy
The permeability of this alloy is the highest, which makes it an ideal material for inductors and
magnetic recorders.

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1.3. MECHANISM OF MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS

The magnetostrictive material can change its shape or dimension when magnetized, when magnetic
field is applied to it. Ferromagnetic materials are prone to magnetostriction. Due to their magnetic
domain-divided structure. When a magnetic field comes near, the domain boundary shifts and rotates
to align with the field. That caused the reorganization of the atoms inside the materials.

Figure 2: Mechanism of Magnetostrictive Materials

1.4. APPLICATIONS OF MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS

• Ultrasonic cleaners.
• High force linear motors, positioners for adaptive optics.
• Active vibration or noise control systems.
• Medical and industrial ultrasonics, pumps, and sonar.
• Magnetostrictive linear motors, reaction mass actuators.
• Mine detection sensors, hearing aids.
• Razor blade sharpeners, seismic sources.
• Underwater sonar, chemical and material processing.

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2. THERMORESPONSIVE MATERIAL

2.1. DEFINITION

Thermoresponsiveness refers to the ability of a material to change its properties as a result of changes
in temperature. As well as thermostats, they are used in automotive and air vehicle parts. This
behavior is observed in Mosley polymeric materials.

Figure 3:Thermoresponsive Materials

Two types of thermoresponsive polymers.

1. Lower critical solution temperature (LCST)
A material that becomes insoluble when it reaches a critical temperature.
2. Upper critical solution temperature (UCST)
The materials that precipitate and undergo phase changes below a critical temperature.

2.2. EXAMPLES OF THERMORESPONSIVE MATERIALS

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2.3. MECHANISM OF THERMORESPONSIVE MATERIALS

The thermoresponsive polymer materials LCST and UCST are two varieties. There is a distinction
between these two mechanisms. A polymer solution below LCST produces a clear and homogenous
solution, whereas a polymer solution above LCST produces a hazy solution. The explanation for this
discrepancy is that as the temperature of the solution rises, so does the entropy, resulting in a
favorable phase separation. UCST materials, on the other hand, exhibit the opposite features of LCST
materials. The UCST effect is enthalpically driven.

Figure 4:The Graph of Temperature vs polymer volume fraction

2.4. APPLICATIONS OF THERMORESPONSIVE MATERIALS

• Used in drug delivery to administer pharmaceuticals at the appropriate time and concentration in
response to an external temperature stimulus.
• Used in gene delivery to transport genes into cells.
• In tissue engineering, they are used as substrates for cell growth and proliferation as well as
injectable gels.
• In hydrogels.

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3. REFERENCES

[1] K. H. J. Buschow and F. R. de Boer, “Magnetostrictive Materials,” in Physics of Magnetism and

Magnetic Materials, Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003, pp. 171–175.

[2] J. C. Peuzin, “Magnetostrictive Materials,” in Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology,

Elsevier, 2001, pp. 5101–5107.

[3] M. L. Bruschi, F. B. Borghi-Pangoni, M. V. Junqueira, and S. B. de Souza Ferreira,

“Nanostructured therapeutic systems with bioadhesive and thermoresponsive properties,”
in Nanostructures for Novel Therapy, Elsevier, 2017, pp. 313–342.

[4] M. A. Ward and T. K. Georgiou, “Thermoresponsive Polymers for Biomedical

Applications,” Polymers (Basel), vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 1215–1242, 2011.

[5] M. Sponchioni, U. Capasso Palmiero, and D. Moscatelli, “Thermo-responsive polymers:

Applications of smart materials in drug delivery and tissue engineering,” Mater. Sci. Eng. C Mater.
Biol. Appl., vol. 102, pp. 589–605, 2019.

[6] F. Doberenz, K. Zeng, C. Willems, K. Zhang, and T. Groth, “Thermoresponsive polymers and their
biomedical application in tissue engineering - a review,” J. Mater. Chem. B Mater. Biol. Med., vol.
8, no. 4, pp. 607–628, 2020.

[7] T. Sarwan, P. Kumar, Y. E. Choonara, and V. Pillay, “Hybrid Thermo-responsive polymer systems
and their biomedical applications,” Front. Mater., vol. 7, 2020.

[8] L. Klouda and A. G. Mikos, “Thermoresponsive hydrogels in biomedical applications,” Eur. J.

Pharm. Biopharm., vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 34–45, 2008.

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