Ministry of Higher Education

and Scientific Research

University of Technology
Production Engineering &
Metallurgy Department

Extraction and Separation

Fourth Grade
By

Ass. Lecturer: Andy M. Abdulaziz

❑ Extraction: is a common technique used in organic chemistry to isolate a target compound.
In the extraction process, a solute is transferred from one phase to another to separate it
from unreacted starting materials or impurities
❑ The distribution of a solute between two phases is an equilibrium condition described by
partition theory. This is based on exactly how the analyte moves from the initial solvent into
the extracting solvent.
❑ What is the difference between extraction and isolation in chemistry?
Extraction is a process used to obtain compounds which may be unrelated from plant material
(stem bark, leaves, roots), while isolation is a process of separation to obtain a pure compound
from plant extract.
❑ Extraction by a solvent mostly gives a mixture of compounds soluble in extracting
solvent.
❑ What is the principle of extraction?
Extraction uses the property of solubility to transfer a solute from one phase to another
phase. In order to perform an extraction, the solute must have a higher solubility in the
second phase than in the original phase.
❑ What are the different types of extractants?
There are five classes of metal extractants as characterized by structure, extraction
mechanism and the metal species extracted:
• Chelation
• Organic acids
• Ligand substitution
• Neutral or solvating
• Ion pairing.
❑ What is the difference between extracted and separated?
Separation is an operation to increase the purity of an object by
removing solids mixed in a liquid or droplets mixed in a gas. Extraction is
an operation to increase the purity of components by focusing on
differences in boiling points, solubility in solvents, and density differences
of the target.
❑ What is extraction and its types?
There are two types of extraction, liquid-liquid extraction also known as
solvent extraction as well as solid-liquid extraction. Both extraction types are
based on the same principle, the separation of compounds, based on their relative
solubilities in two different immiscible liquids or solid matter compound
❑ Liquid-liquid extraction: also known as partitioning, is a separation process
consisting of the transfer of a solute from one solvent to another, the two solvents
being immiscible or partially miscible with each other.
❑ In a simple liquid–liquid extraction the solute partitions itself between two
immiscible phases. One phase usually is an aqueous solvent and the other phase is
an organic solvent, such as the pentane used to extract trihalomethanes from water.
❑ What is liquid-liquid extraction of metal?
Solvent extraction (liquid-liquid extraction) is the most commonly used method for
the separation of metal ions. In this technique, the aqueous solution of metal salt is
mixed with an organic solvent containing an extraction agent (extractant).
❑ What is the difference between leaching and liquid-
liquid extraction?
Definition of Leaching and Extraction: Leaching is the
process where a solid material in a mixture is separated out
by dissolving it in a suitable solvent. In extraction, a given
compound is separated from one chemical phase to another
due to the polarity differences
❑ What is solid-liquid extraction in mining industry?
The removal of mineral-rich ore and fines from water is referred to as solid
liquid separation. There are several points in the mine's water transfer system
where advanced equipment technology can contribute to improving ore recovery
through a more holistic approach.
❑ What is the differences between liquid-liquid and solid-liquid extraction?
Solid-phase extraction differs from liquid-liquid extraction in the fact that the
separation of an analyte is achieved through interaction with a solid stationary
phase.
Chalcopyrite is a copper iron sulfide (CuFeS2)
mineral with a brassy to golden yellow color.
Chalcopyrite contains 34.5% Cu, 30.5% Fe, and
35.0% S. The mineral is the principal source of
copper metal, and one of the major source of
sulfur.
Lixiviant: A liquid medium used to selectively
extract (or leach) uranium from ore bodies where
they are normally found underground (in other
words, in situ).
Leachate is defined as any contaminated liquid
that is generated from water percolating through a
solid waste disposal site, accumulating
contaminants, and moving into subsurface areas.
The end