For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, 8, C or D) best fits each gap. Friendship Friendship is based on a number of factors. These include similarity between people and (1) interests. Cloco frends ae also in (2) with each other and can sense shifting moods. Loyalty too is important and i evident when wwe (3) — fora friend. That much is (4) known. In recent years a hody of scientific research has (5) _ more light on friendship. One study looked at opposite-sex friendships and concluded that such (6) relationships are dificult 9 maintain overtime. Another study found that ‘when poople fallin Jove, the new person displaces two othersin your close circle. This because love takes time away ftom seeing friends and so people (7)___ apart. Infact, in a previous sty, scientist (2) — that we have five cose friends, but that people ina relationship have four, including their partner. ‘Scientists have also discovered that people with a wide circle of friends live longer and are happier. So's a good idea to hold on to your friends 1A reciprocal B communal elated D mutual 2 A tune B wavelength © common D terms 3 A backup B stick up © look up D keep up, 4 A broadly B usually © widely D extensively 5A thrown B shed © tuned D directed & A platonic B friendly © amicable spiritual 7 A glide B flow © drift D float 8 A analysod B assessed C computed calevlated Modern technology and you individual who grew up with advanced technology is known as a digital (9) By and (10)_______ the term applies to children who have grown up using the Intemet, computers and mobile devices. Itis (11) ___surprising that they have a greater understanding of digital ‘technology than those who were born before it became widespread. (12)__________to their familiarity vith such advanced technology, they are better able to adapt to even newer technologies as they come along, A digital immigrant, on the other hand, was born before the arrival of digital technology. a3) to popular beliel, however, not al digital immigrants are technologically inept. Many reactive (14) of social media sites and proud owners of the latest digital gadgetry. n general, though, the older the individual, the less likely they are to fully engage with modern technology. Feople (15) ‘to write letters rather than emails, and use landlines instoad of mobile phones, butte (16) __ittle, these are becoming obsolete.The Cynics According to the dictionary, a (17) people are insincere and are only interested in themselves. The word originated in the (18) _schools of ancient Greece. Cynicism was a way PHILOSOPHY of life for this unusual and (19) ____group. It derived its name CONVENTION from the Greek word for ‘dog! (kunos) to denote its indifference to luxury. For this reason, their fellow Greeks considered them a (20) lot. FUNCTION The most (21) __ Cynic was Diogenes. By all accounts, he wae EMINENCE quite an) (22)_ character who chose to live in a storage jar ‘ORTHODOX and took the simple way of life to (23) extremes. There are NORMAL many stories about Diogenes, but the most femous relates to Alexander tho Great. \When Alexander stood before him ond asked if he wanted anything, Diogenes person believes that cynicism (a) response was to request that Alexander move a litle 10 PASSIVE tone side because he was blocking the sun. For questions 25-30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given, Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given. 25. Winter will be here shortly and the days will become depressingly short. UPON Winter —________ snd the days will become depressingly short 26 Visitors who do not have passes are not allowed to enter the testing facility OFF ‘The testing facity _____________ without passes. 27. I'm not enthusiastic about the technology project. WORK 1__ the technology project. 28 My brother's advice was to stay calm during my driving test. HEAD My brother __________during my deiving test 29. Tilly does favours for everyone and | wonder how that benefits her. GETS wonder 30. When Dean lost his brand new iPhone, he became frantic. BESIDE Dean ging is brand new iPhone. favours for everyone.