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ɅɿɤɚɪɱɭɤȾɋ
ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɢɯɧɚɭɤ
ɞɨɰɟɧɬɤɚɮɟɞɪɢɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ
Ʉɢʀɜɫɶɤɨɝɨɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɭɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢɿɦɢɫɬɟɰɬɜ
ɍɫɬɚɬɬɿɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɽɬɶɫɹɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɹɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɚɄɢɬɚɸɄɢɬɚɣɫɶɤɚɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɿɹɩɨɜɧɨɸɦɿɪɨɸɜɩɢɫɭɽɬɶɫɹɜɰɟɜɢɡɧɚ
ɱɟɧɧɹɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɦɢɫɬɟɰɬɜɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹɩɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɿɜɝɥɢɛɨɤɨɡɚɤɥɚɞɟɧɨɜɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɿɡɨɝɥɹɞɭɧɚɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɿɬɪɚɞɢɰɿʀɣɨɫɨ
ɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɉɿɞɧɟɛɟɫɧɨʀ ɉɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɢ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɿɽɜɢɦ ɿɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɿʀ ɜ ɩɨɛɭɞɨɜɿ
ɣɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɿɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧɹɤɿɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬɶʀɦɞɨɫɹɝɚɬɢɡɧɚɱɧɢɯɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɯɬɚɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɢɯɩɟɪɟ
ɦɨɝɍɧɨɜɨɦɭɫɜɿɬɨɜɨɦɭɩɨɪɹɞɤɭɤɢɬɚɣɫɶɤɚɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɿɹɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɽɧɨɜɢɣɩɨɝɥɹɞɧɚɫɩɿɜɩɪɚɰɸɣɜɡɚɽɦɧɭɩɨɜɚɝɭ
Ɂɛɟɪɿɝɚɸɱɢɤɥɚɫɢɱɧɿɮɨɪɦɢ ɱɟɪɟɡɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɿɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɬɚɮɭɧɤɰɿʀɤɢɬɚɣɫɶɤɚɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɿɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽ
ɣɧɨɜɿɦɟɬɨɞɢɜɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧɚɯ±ɪɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɧɿɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɿɡɚɫɨɛɢɛɚɝɚɬɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɸɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɿɸɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɿɸ
ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɧɭɧɚɜɢɫɨɤɨɦɭɬɚɧɚɣɜɢɳɨɦɭɪɿɜɧɿ³ɌUDFN7ZR'LSORPDF\´ɍɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɿɣɞɥɹɨɝɥɹɞɭɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɿɧɚɯɚɪɚɤ
ɬɟɪɿ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ Ʉɢɬɚɸ ɿ ɋɒȺ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɨɱɚɬɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɚɬɢɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɹ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɚ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿɹ ɜ ɄɇɊ ɍɠɟ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿ ɜ ɤɪɚʀɧɿ
ɩɨɪɹɞɡɬɪɚɞɢɰɿɨɧɚɥɿɫɬɚɦɢɳɨɫɩɪɢɣɦɚɸɬɶɋɒȺɹɤɫɭɩɟɪɧɢɤɚɿɜɨɪɨɝɚɽɞɨɫɢɬɶɜɩɥɢɜɨɜɿɝɪɭɩɢɹɤɿɛɚɱɚɬɶɜɋɒȺ
ɩɟɪɟɜɚɠɧɨɞɠɟɪɟɥɨɤɚɩɿɬɚɥɭɧɨɜɢɯɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿɣɿɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɟɣɞɥɹɡɦɿɰɧɟɧɧɹɫɜɨʀɯɜɥɚɫɧɢɯɩɨɡɢɰɿɣɇɟɦɨɠɧɚɧɟ
ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɿɫɢɥɶɧɭ©ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɿɫɬɶªɤɢɬɚɣɫɶɤɨʀɦɨɥɨɞɿɇɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɜɪɚɠɚɸɱɿɡɦɿɧɢɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɫɹɜɤɢɬɚɣɫɶɤɿɣ
ɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɿʀɜɋɯɿɞɧɿɣȺɡɿʀɄɢɬɚɣɪɨɡɲɢɪɸɽɿɩɿɞɫɢɥɸɽɫɜɨʀɞɜɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɿɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧɢɛɟɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɭɭɱɚɫɬɶɜɛɚɝɚɬɨ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɿɯɩɪɨɰɟɫɚɯɿɩɪɢɣɦɚɽɧɟɬɿɥɶɤɢɚɤɬɢɜɧɭɚɥɟɿɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɭɭɱɚɫɬɶɭɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɯɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɹɯɁɚɨɫɬɚɧɧɽ
ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɿɬɬɹɄɢɬɚɣɫɭɬɬɽɜɨɡɦɿɧɢɜɫɜɨɽɫɩɨɱɚɬɤɭɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɟɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹɞɨɰɢɯɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣɚɡɚɪɚɡɜɜɚɠɚɽʀɯɟɮɟɤɬɢɜ
ɧɢɦɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦɫɜɨɽʀɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɿʀȾɥɹɄɢɬɚɸ©ɇɨɜɢɣɲɨɜɤɨɜɢɣɲɥɹɯªɜɢɤɨɧɭɽɜɚɠɥɢɜɭɮɭɧɤɰɿɸɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɿɞɟɧɬɢɱ
ɧɨɫɬɿɩɨɜ¶ɹɡɚɧɨɝɨɡɩɨɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹɦɫɬɚɬɭɫɭɜɟɥɢɤɨʀɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ
ɄɥɸɱɨɜɿɫɥɨɜɚɄɢɬɚɣɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɹɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɚɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɿɹɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɿɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɿɹɤɨɧɮɥɿɤɬɢ
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ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢȼɟɥɢɤɚɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶɿɫɬɨ ɌɚɤɨɠɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹɪɨɥɿɄɢɬɚɸɡɚɜɞɹɤɢɪɟɮɨɪɦɚɦ
ɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɿɣ ɪɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɬɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɿ ɜɿɪɨɫ Ⱦɟɧɋɹɨɩɿɧɚɜɤɿɧɰɿɯ±ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭɯɪɨɤɿɜ
ɩɨɜɿɞɚɧɶɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɿɫɬɶɭɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɥɚɞɿɬɚɪɿɜɧɿ ɡɪɨɛɢɥɨ Ʉɢɬɚɣ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɜɩɟɜɧɟɧɢɦ ɭ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯ
ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭɤɪɚʀɧɢɡɭɦɨɜɥɸɸɬɶɫɤɥɚɞɧɿɫɬɶɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ ɫɩɪɚɜɚɯ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɢɥɨ ɭɫɩɿɯ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɶɤɢɯ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɶɨ
Ʉɢɬɚɸɡɫɭɦɿɠɧɢɦɢɞɟɪɠɚɜɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɣ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɶɨɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɞɿɣ ɭ ɪɿɡ
ɍ ɪɚɧɧɿɯ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɶɨɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɿɹɯ ɧɢɯɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɯɫɜɿɬɭɌɨɦɭɰɿɥɤɨɦɨɱɿɤɭɜɚɧɨɸɫɬɚɥɚ
ɄɇɊ ɱɿɬɤɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɹ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɟɤɫ ɪɟɚɤɰɿɹɡɚɯɿɞɧɢɯɤɪɚʀɧɩɟɪɲɡɚɜɫɟɋɒȺɣəɩɨɧɿʀ
ɬɪɟɦɿɡɦɭ ɣ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɧɟɞɨɫɜɿɞɱɟɧɨɫɬɿ ɤɢɬɚɣ ɹɤɚɜɯɪɨɤɚɯɛɭɥɚɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɶɨɜɚɧɚɜɁɆȱɹɤ
ɫɶɤɢɯ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɧɿɫɬɶ ɪɨɡɭ ©ɤɢɬɚɣɫɶɤɚɡɚɝɪɨɡɚª>ɫ@
ɦɿɧɧɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɿɜ ɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɛɨɪɨɬɶɛɢ ɇɚ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɿɣ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɿɣ ɚɪɟɧɿ Ʉɢɬɚɣ
Ɂɧɚɱɧɭ ɪɨɥɶ ɭ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɤɨɧ ɽɨɞɧɿɽɸɡɧɚɣɜɚɠɥɢɜɿɲɢɯɤɪɚʀɧȼɿɧɛɟɪɟɭɱɚɫɬɶ
ɰɟɩɰɿɣ ɄɇɊ ɧɚ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɟɬɚɩɿ ɡɿɝɪɚɜ ɝɟɨɩɨɥɿ ɭ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚɯ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɹɤ %5,&6
ɬɢɱɧɢɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɹɤɢɣ ɜɢɹɜɢɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɧɚ ɬɥɿ ɚɡɿɚɬ ɣ ©ȼɟɥɢɤɚ ɞɜɚɞɰɹɬɤɚª ɇɚɜɿɬɶ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɉɟɤɿɧ
ɫɶɤɢɯɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɯɤɨɧɮɥɿɤɬɿɜɞɪɭɝɨʀɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɛɟɪɟɭɱɚɫɬɶɜɫɩɪɚɜɚɯɈɈɇɜɬɨɦɭɱɢɫɥɿ
;;ɫɬɨɥɿɬɬɹ>@ ɣ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɜɿɞɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɦɢɪɨɬɜɨɪɱɢɯ ɫɢɥ ɬɚɤɢɦ
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ɰɟɫɢ ɳɨ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɧɿɣ Ɂɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɿɞɟɨɥɨ ɠɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɤɜɨ ɭ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧɚɯ ɡ ɨɛɨɦɚ Ʉɨɪɟɹɦɢ
ɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɰɿ ɉɟɤɿɧɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɫɩɪɢ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɢɣ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɧɚɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɜɨɧɨ ɞɨɡɜɨ
ɹɥɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɞɜɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɿɯ ɡɜ¶ɹɡɤɿɜ ɦɿɠ Ʉɢɬɚɽɦ ɥɢɬɶ ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢ ɜɩɥɢɜ Ʉɢɬɚɸ ɜ ɨɛɨɯ ɤɪɚʀɧɚɯ
ɣɤɪɚʀɧɚɦɢ$VVRFLDWLRQRI6RXWK(DVW$VLDQ1DWLRQV ɣɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀɄɨɪɟʀɹɤɜɚɠɟɥɹɭɜɿɞɧɨ
ɉɨɱɚɬɨɤ ;;, ɫɬ ɫɬɚɜ ɫɩɪɚɜɠɧɿɦ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɦ ɫɢɧɚɯ ɡ ȼɚɲɢɧɝɬɨɧɨɦ ɫɬɨɫɨɜɧɨ ɬɚɣɜɚɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɩɪɨ
ɩɪɨɪɢɜɨɦ ɭ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧɚɯ ɡ ɤɪɚʀɧɚɦɢ $VVRFLDWLRQ ɛɥɟɦɢ>ɫ@
RI 6RXWK(DVW $VLDQ 1DWLRQV Ɇɿɠ ɧɢɦɢ ɩɿɞɩɢɫɚɧɿ Ɂɚɡɧɚɱɢɦɨ ɳɨ ɧɚ ɞɭɦɤɭ ɅɟɜɢɬɫɶɤɨʀȾɨɛɢ
ɬɚɤɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ Ⱦɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹ ɩɪɨ ©ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɨɜɟ ɜ ɝɟɨɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɩɥɚɧɿ Ʉɢɬɚɣ ɽ ɫɜɿɞɨɦɢɦ ɩɪɢ
ɞɿɧɤɢª ɜ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨɄɢɬɚɣɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɦɨɪɿ ɋɩɿɥɶɧɚ ɯɢɥɶɧɢɤɨɦ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɽɜɪɨɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿʀ ɣ ɡɚɜɠɞɢ
ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹ ɩɪɨ ɫɩɿɜɪɨɛɿɬɧɢɰɬɜɨ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɿ ɧɟɬɪɚ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɜɍɤɪɚʀɧɭɹɤ©ɜɚɠɥɢɜɭɞɟɪɠɚɜɭɜȯɜɪɨɩɿª
ɞɢɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ Ɋɚɦɤɨɜɚ ɭɝɨɞɚ ɩɪɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɟ Ʉɟɪɿɜɧɢɰɬɜɨ ɄɇɊ ɜɿɬɚɥɨ ɩɿɞɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɨɸ
ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɟ ɫɩɿɜɪɨɛɿɬɧɢɰɬɜɨ Ɇɟɦɨɪɚɧɞɭɦ ɩɪɨ ɍɝɨɞɢ ɩɪɨ ɚɫɨɰɿɚɰɿɸɡ ȯɋ ɣ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɽ ɡɚɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ
ɜɡɚɽɦɨɪɨɡɭɦɿɧɧɹɜɩɢɬɚɧɧɹɯɫɿɥɶɫɶɤɨɝɨɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢɞɨɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ©ɇɨɜɨɝɨɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɝɨɩɨɹɫɚ±
ɫɬɜɚ>ɫ@ ȼɟɥɢɤɢɣɲɨɜɤɨɜɢɣɲɥɹɯªɹɤɟɽɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨɸɿɧɿɰɿ
ɊɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɸɱɢɩɨɡɢɰɿɸɄɢɬɚɸɜɩɢɬɚɧɧɿɩɪɨɩɟɪ ɚɬɢɜɨɸ ɝɨɥɨɜɢ ɄɇɊ ɋɿ ɐɡɿɧɶɩɿɧɚ ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɭɫɩɿɲ
ɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɭɨɛ¶ɽɞɧɚɜɱɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɭɜɄɨɪɟʀɞɨɰɿɥɶɧɨ ɧɨʀɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀɚɦɛɿɬɧɨɝɨɤɢɬɚɣɫɶɤɨɝɨɩɥɚɧɭ ɹɤɢɣ
ɡɿɫɬɚɜɢɬɢ ɹɤɿ ɩɥɸɫɢ ɿ ɦɿɧɭɫɢ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɽ Ʉɢɬɚɣ ɜɿɞ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɽ ɩɪɹɦɢɣ ɜɢɯɿɞ Ʉɢɬɚɸ ɜ ȯɜɪɨɩɭ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɜɨɡɡ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɄɨɪɟʀ>ɫ@ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɭȺɡɿɸɣɄɚɜɤɚɡ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɚɦɚɬɢɦɟɩɪɢɧ
ɆɨɠɥɢɜɿɩɥɸɫɢɩɨɤɨɪɞɨɧɭɄɢɬɚɸɜɡɨɧɿɣɨɝɨ ɰɢɩɨɜɨɧɨɜɟɝɟɨɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɟɦɿɫɰɟ©ɩɟɪɲɨʀɽɜɪɨɩɟɣ
ɠɢɬɬɽɜɢɯɿɧɬɟɪɟɫɿɜɛɭɞɟɭɫɭɧɭɬɢɣɨɞɢɧɡɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɫɶɤɨʀɤɪɚʀɧɢɜɒɨɜɤɨɜɨɦɭɲɥɹɯɭª>ɫ@
ɛɨɥɸɱɢɯɜɭɡɥɿɜɧɚɩɪɭɠɟɧɨɫɬɿɳɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɦɟɫɬɚ ȼɪɚɯɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɫɬɨɫɭɧɤɢ ɡ ɞɟɹɤɢɦɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɚɦɢ
ɛɿɥɿɡɚɰɿʀɜ$VLD3DFL¿Fɣ1RUWKHDVW$VLDɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨʀ Ʉɢɬɚɣɡɚɤɰɟɧɬɭɜɚɜɭɜɚɝɭɧɚ©ɧɨɜɿɣɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɿʀɛɟɡ
ɄɇɊɞɥɹɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹɡɚɜɞɚɧɶɦɨɞɟɪɧɿɡɚɰɿʀɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɩɟɤɢª ɉɿɞ ©ɧɨɜɨɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɿɽɸ ɛɟɡɩɟɤɢª ɪɨɡɭɦɿ
ɨɛ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɚɄɨɪɟɹɜɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɿ ɩɿɫɥɹɧɟɦɢɧɭɱɨɝɨ ɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɮɿɰɿɣɧɚ ɞɨɤɬɪɢɧɚ ɹɤɚ ɨɩɢɫɭɽ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɶɤɟ
ɣ ɜɚɠɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɭ ɦɨɠɟ ɫɬɚɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɛɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ ɜ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɯ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞ
ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢɄɇɊɜɟɥɢɤɢɦɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɦɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɨɦ ɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧɚɯ ɹɤɚ ɛɭɥɚ ɜɢɫɭɧɭɬɚ ɭɪɹɞɨɦ ɄɇɊ
ɜɿɞɤɪɢɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɶɤɨɤɨɪɟɣɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɭ ɞɪɭɝɿɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɿ ɯ ɪɪ ;; ɫɬ ɣ ɡɚɮɿɤɫɨɜɚɧɚ
ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɿɜɪɨɛɿɬɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɬɚ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɨɜɚ ɭɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɯɤɢɬɚɣɫɶɤɢɯɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɿɜɧɚɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯ
ɧɨʀ ɭɱɚɫɬɿ ɜ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɚɯ ɭ 1RUWKHDVW ɮɨɪɭɦɚɯɚɬɚɤɨɠɭɪɿɡɧɢɯɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ
$VLD ɣ$VLD3DFL¿F ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɚɝɚ ©ɇɨɜɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɿɹ ɛɟɡɩɟɤɢª ɩɪɨɩɨɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɉɟɤɿ
ɞɨɦɿɧɭɜɚɧɧɸ əɩɨɧɿʀ ɜ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɿ ɦɢɪɧɟ ɨɛ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ ɧɨɦɽɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɿʀɬɪɚɞɢɰɿɣɧɢɯɞɢɩɥɨɦɚ
Ʉɨɪɟʀ ɳɨ ɜɢɦɚɝɚɽ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɿɣ ɤɪɚʀɧ $VLD ɬɢɱɧɢɯɞɨɤɬɪɢɧɣɩɿɞɯɨɞɿɜɄɇɊɱɚɫɿɜɯɨɥɨɞɧɨʀɜɿɣɧɢ
3DFL¿Fɣ1RUWKHDVW$VLDɦɨɠɟɩɿɞɜɢɳɢɬɢɪɨɥɶɄɇɊ ɞɨɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɯɭɦɨɜɍʀʀɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɿɜɿɞɿɝɪɚɥɢɪɨɥɶɬɪɢ
ɹɤɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɨɪɚɰɢɯɞɿɣɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɬɶɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨɦɭ ɱɢɧɧɢɤɢɩɨɩɟɪɲɟɡɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɢ
ɡɦɿɰɧɟɧɧɸʀʀɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɚɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɬɭ>ɫ@ ɪɟɮɨɪɦ ɣ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɨɫɬɿ ɜ ɪ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɸ ɦɟɬɨɸ
Ɇɨɠɥɢɜɿ ɦɿɧɭɫɢ Ʉɢɬɚɣ ɦɨɠɟ ɜɬɪɚɬɢɬɢ ɬɿ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɶɨʀ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɢ ɄɇɊ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɡɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨʀ
ɜɚɠɟɥɿ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɧɚ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿɸ ɜ Ʉɨɪɟʀ ɹɤɿ ɜɿɧ ɦɚɽ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨʀɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɹɤɚɛɭɥɚɛɫɩɪɢɹɬɥɢɜɚɞɥɹ
ɡɨɝɥɹɞɭɧɚɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɿɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧɢɡɄɇȾɊɡɚɡɛɟɪɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭɤɪɚʀɧɢɉɨɞɪɭɝɟɡɨɝɥɹɞɭɧɚ
ɠɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɨɛ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɿɣ Ʉɨɪɟʀ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɩɪɢɫɭɬ ɰɸɛɚɡɨɜɭɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭɩɨɱɢɧɚɸɱɢɡɪɭɪɹɞɄɇɊ
ɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɨɫɢɥɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɋɒȺ ɜ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɿ ɫɬɜɨɪɸ ɨɮɿɰɿɣɧɨ ɩɪɨɝɨɥɨɫɢɜ ɳɨ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɭɱɚɫɬɿ
ɸɱɢ ɡɚɝɪɨɡɭ ɞɥɹ ɫɭɯɨɩɭɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɞɨɧɭ ɡ Ʉɢɬɚɽɦ ɜɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɢɯɚɥɶɹɧɫɚɯɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɢɯɩɪɨɬɢ
ɽɞɢɧɚɤɨɪɟɣɫɶɤɚɞɟɪɠɚɜɚɦɨɠɟɫɬɚɬɢɜɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɿ ɬɪɟɬɿɯ ɤɪɚʀɧ ɉɨɬɪɟɬɽ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨʀ
ɜɚɝɨɦɢɦɪɢɧɤɨɜɢɦɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɦɄɢɬɚɸ>ɫ@ ɜɿɣɧɢ ɤɨɥɢ ɋɒȺ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɽɞɢɧɨɸ ɧɚɞɞɟɪɠɚɜɨɸ
ɉɪɿɨɪɢɬɟɬɚɦɢ Ʉɢɬɚɸ ɜ ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɿ ɞɨ ɉɿɜɧɿɱ ɉɟɤɿɧ ɩɨɛɨɸɸɱɢɫɶ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɢɯ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɧɚɫɥɿɞ
ɧɨʀ Ʉɨɪɟʀ ɽ ɩɪɚɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɤɿɜɫɬɚɜɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɩɪɨɩɚɝɭɜɚɬɢɿɞɟɸɛɚɝɚɬɨɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɿɜ ɞɟɫɬɚɛɿɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɧɚ Ʉɨɪɟɣɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɩɿɜɨɫɬ ɫɜɿɬɭɞɟɜɫɿɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɿɫɬɨɬɧɿɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɿɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ
ɪɨɜɿɩɟɪɟɲɤɨɞɠɚɧɧɹɋɒȺɜʀɯɩɪɚɝɧɟɧɧɿɡɚɣɧɹɬɢ ɜɢɪɿɲɭɜɚɥɢɫɹɛɲɥɹɯɨɦɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɹɤɨɧɫɟɧɫɭɫɭɦɿɠ
ɞɨɦɿɧɭɸɱɭ ɩɨɡɢɰɿɸ ɜ ɨɛ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɿɣ Ʉɨɪɟʀ ɡɚɛɟɡ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɜɚɠɥɢɜɢɦɢɫɜɿɬɨɜɢɦɢɞɟɪɠɚɜɚɦɢ>@
ɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɜɨʀɯ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɫɥɚɛɤɢɯ ɜ ɟɤɨ ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ ©ɧɨɜɨʀ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɿʀ ɛɟɡ
ɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɿ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɯ ± ɩɿɜɧɿɱɧɨɫɯɿɞ ɩɟɤɢªɄɢɬɚɸɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɽ
ɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɿɧɰɿɹɯ ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɩɥɚɧɢ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɝɨɫɩɿɜɪɨɛɿɬɧɢɰɬɜɚɦɿɠ
ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ʀɯ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɢɯ ɡɜ¶ɹɡɤɿɜ ɡ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨɸ ɤɪɚʀɧɚɦɢ ɹɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭ ɩɟɪɟɞɭɦɨɜɭ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɛɟɡ
Ʉɨɪɟɽɸɫɤɨɪɨɱɟɧɧɹɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨɬɹɝɚɪɹɜɞɜɨɫɬɨ ɩɟɤɢɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɟɧɧɹɜɚɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɿɫɩɿɥɶɧɢɯɿɧɬɟɪɟɫɿɜ
ɪɨɧɧɿɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧɚɯ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɭ ɜɿɞ ɧɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɿɜ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɭ ɜɿɞ
ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɢɞɨɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɧɤɢɨɡɛɪɨɽɧɶ
ɬɚ ɿɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɿɜɪɨɛɿɬɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɡɚɜɨɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɿɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɿɡɦɿɜ ɛɟɡ
ɜɢɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɭ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɭ ɜ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɿ ɣ ɭ ɋɒȺ ɩɟɤɢɜȺɡɿʀ 6KDQJKDL&RRSHUDWLRQ2UJDQLVDWLRQ
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Ʉɢɬɚɣ ɛɿɥɶɲɨɸ ɦɿɪɨɸ ɧɿɠ ȯɋ ɡɚɰɿɤɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɡ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɚɦɢ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɿɜ ɫɜɿɬɭ ɜ ɤɨɠɧɨɦɭ
ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɞɜɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɿɯ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɿɜ ɡ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɨɧɚ ɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ ɣ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɥɚ ɫɜɨʀ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ
ɬɨɞɿɹɤɜɩɨɥɿɬɢɰɿȯɋɳɨɞɨɄɢɬɚɸɞɨɦɿɧɭɸɬɶɰɿɧ ɨɬɪɢɦɭɸɱɢɡɚɩɥɚɧɨɜɚɧɭɜɢɝɨɞɭɄɢɬɚɣɫɶɤɚɞɢɩɥɨ
ɧɿɫɧɿ ɨɪɿɽɧɬɢɪɢ ɣ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɣ ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫ >@ Ⱦɥɹ ɦɚɬɿɹɧɚɛɭɜɚɽɜɫɟɛɿɥɶɲɜɢɪɚɠɟɧɢɯɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɯ
ɋɨɸɡɭɨɞɧɿɽɸɡɧɚɣɜɚɠɥɢɜɿɲɢɯɡɚɜɞɚɧɶɧɚɤɢɬɚɣ ɨɛɪɢɫɿɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɦɢ ʀʀ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨɦɭ
ɫɶɤɨɦɭɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɽɝɚɪɦɨɧɿɡɚɰɿɹɬɨɪɝɨɜɨɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱ ɟɬɚɩɿɽɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹɪɟɫɭɪɫɿɜɬɚɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹɫɩɪɢ
ɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ ɡɚɯɢɫɬ ɩɪɚɜ ɿɧɬɟɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɜɥɚɫ ɹɬɥɢɜɢɯɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɯɭɦɨɜɞɥɹɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭɤɪɚʀɧɢ
ɧɨɫɬɿɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹɤɢɬɚɣɫɶɤɢɯɪɢɧɤɿɜɣɛɚɧɤɿɜɫɶɤɨɝɨ əɤɜɠɟɜɿɞɡɧɚɱɚɥɨɫɹɭɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɿʀɭɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɢɯ
ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɢɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɿɜ ɬɚ ɿɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɿɣ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿɹɯ ɉɟɤɿɧ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽ ɪɿɡɧɿ
ɋɩɪɢɹɬɥɢɜɢɦɞɥɹɉɟɤɿɧɚɽɬɨɣɮɚɤɬɳɨɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɚ ɩɪɢɣɨɦɢɜɬɨɦɭɱɢɫɥɿ©ɫɬɪɚɬɚɝɟɦɢªɚɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɸ
ȯɋɳɨɞɨɄɢɬɚɸɡɚɫɧɨɜɚɧɚɩɟɪɟɜɚɠɧɨɧɚɫɩɪɨɛɚɯ ʀɯ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɿɫɬɸ ɽ ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɨɜɝɨɫɬɪɨɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɥɚ
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