History & Viruses | Project Packet

Class Steps for Researching and Writing Your Essay Notes

11/16(B) Intro to Project - overview of expectations and resources to help you Project Intro Slides
11/17(A) Begin to Read Introduction Materials to build general understanding Project Intro Notes
Complete Glossary Activity Due end of class
Explore Introduction Materials and work on notes for Paragraph 1 using the
Notes Graphic Organizer 1, add sources you used to your Sources List
11/18(B) Check Point #1 - Progress on your Notes Graphic Organizer 1 Due at start of class
11/19(A)
Review Research Process and Accessing Databases
Continue exploring Introduction Materials and work on notes for Paragraph 1
using the Notes Graphic Organizer 1, add sources used to your Sources List
Create your own Google Doc file and Write essay Paragraph 1 (Rough Draft) Due end of class
11/29(A) Choose 1 virus from Old History to research, select 2 given sources and find 1
12/30(B) or more additional sources, add source titles and links to your Sources List
Use Notes Graphic Organizer 2 to develop ideas for Paragraph 2

Write Essay Paragraph 2 (Rough Draft), add to your existing Essay doc Due end of class
12/1(A) Check Point #2 - Paragraphs 1 & 2 Due at start of class
12/2(B)
Choose 1 virus from Modern History to research, select 2 given sources and
find 1 or more additional sources, add source titles and links to your Sources List
Use Notes Graphic Organizer 3 to develop ideas for Paragraph 3

Write Essay Paragraph 3 (Rough Draft), add to your existing Essay doc Due end of class
12/3(B) Choose 1 virus from Current History to research, select 2 given sources and
12/6(A) find 1 or more additional sources, add titles and links to your Sources List
Use Notes Graphic Organizer 4 to develop ideas for Paragraph 4

Write Essay Paragraph 4 (Rough Draft), add to your existing Essay doc Due end of class
12/7(B) Check Point #3 - Paragraphs 3 & 4 Due at start of class
12/8(A)
Think critically about your research, select 2 given sources (or more) for your
Reflection/Conclusion, use Notes Graphic Organizer 5 to develop ideas for
Paragraph 5
Write Essay Paragraph 5 (Rough Draft), add to your existing Essay doc Due end of class

12/9(B) Check Point #4 - Paragraph 5 Due at start of class

12/10(A)
Create a Bibliography page (Works Cited) for all the sources you used (listed in Due end of class
your Sources List); it should be the last page of your Essay doc and all sources
you used should be included, alphabetized, and formatted correctly
Final Work on editing your Rough Draft and make any additions, revisions,
Exam corrections, etc. necessary to ensure you have addressed all the questions you
Day can, use rubric criteria to improve your work; polish your essay into a final copy
Submit completed essay with bibliography Due at end of Final
Introduction
Build your understanding of viruses and their impact on our world with these selected articles and videos.
Choose AT LEAST 2 of these articles as sources for Paragraph 1. You may use more than 2. You also may use these as
additional sources for Paragraphs 2, 3, and 4 (in addition to your selections from the Resources Graphic Organizers and your
own research) and to help you with Paragraph 5. Add your selected articles to your Sources List.

Virus (book excerpt)

Epidemics (journal article)

Past Plagues Offer Lessons for Society (magazine article)

Viruses and other germs: winning a never-ending war (journal article)

Pandemics - from ancient times to Covid19. Some thoughts (journal article)

How 11 of the world's most momentous pandemics changed the course of human history. (journal article)

How plagues change the world (magazine article)

Watch:

Interested in more? Check out https://www.ted.com/topics/virus

Glossary of Terms (medical sense of the word given for words with multiple meanings or applications)
Drag and drop the orange boxes to match the terms with their explanations. (You might zoom out to see full page.)

Characterized by buboes, inflammatory swelling of lymph glands, especially in the groin.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a federal agency, under the U. S. Department
of Health and Human Services.

Any of a group of RNA viruses that cause a variety of respiratory, gastrointestinal, and
neurological diseases in humans and other animals.

A complete or permanent solution or remedy to a medical condition.

A disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific
signs or symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury.

A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease that affects a large number of people within
a community, population, or region.

To destroy completely; put an end to.

A highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory passages causing fever, severe aching,
and catarrh, and often occurring in epidemics.

An epidemic (of a disease) that's spread over multiple countries or continents.

An infectious, epidemic disease caused by a bacterium, Yersinia pestis, characterized by fever,

chills, and prostration, transmitted to humans from rats by means of the bites of fleas.

Of, relating to, or affecting the lungs.

Characterized by invasion and persistence of pathogenic bacteria in the blood-stream.

A physical or mental feature which is regarded as indicating a condition of disease, particularly

such a feature that is apparent to the patient.

The act or method of passing a virus or bacteria between people.

Medical care given to a patient for an illness or injury.

A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one
or several diseases, treated to act as an antigen without inducing the disease.

An infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, is too
small to be seen by light microscopy, and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host.

The World Health Organization sets standards for disease control, health care, and medicines;
conducts education and research programs; and publishes scientific papers and reports.
Research Resources | Graphic Organizer Old History
Pick ONE disease to research, highlight that box in yellow.* Select TWO of the sources provided for you here, then
find at least one more on your own. List all sources you use in your Sources List.

OLD HISTORY SOURCES PROVIDED FOR ME TO CHOOSE FROM

before 16th century

Database Articles Approved Sites

Smallpox (3rd century BC/BCE) Disease and the Rise of Civilization CDC
Today’s Science Encyclopedia
Enc. of Environmental Health

Rabies (2000 BC/BCE) World Book Encyclopedia CDC

Today’s Science Encyclopedia

Leprosy (1550 BC/BCE) Human Diseases and Conditions Leprosy.org

World Book Encyclopedia Stanford.edu
Daily Beast: Asian Shaming... CDC

Antonine Plague (165 AD/CE) …How the Ancients Experienced… Ancient History Encyclopedia
Empires and Epidemics What Rome Learned...

Dengue (Jin Dynasty, 265-420 AD/CE) Dengue Fever DengueVirusNet (do NOT create an account)
...Disease in ancient China... CDC

Justinian’s Plague (541-542 AD/CE) Global Events Ancient History Encyclopedia

Pandemics Now and Then The Death Toll ... and Its Effects...
The Plague in Ancient Times

Measles (9th century) Disease and the Rise of Civilization CDC

Impact...on Native Americans

Black Death (Bubonic plague, 1350) The Black Death History.com

Disease and the Rise of Civilization
BD Shaped Human Genome

Dates given above refer to earliest accounts or first major outbreaks recorded. Some have been ongoing or had multiple
epidemics/pandemics.

Understanding Dates
You can use either BC or BCE, and AD or CE, as long as you use the pairs consistently, BC and AD, or BCE and CE. They
mean the same thing. The second pair simply do not carry religious connotations and are preferred by some people for that
reason. See more.
BC=Before Christ, alternatively BCE=Before Common Era
AD=Anno Domini (in the year of the Lord), alternatively CE=Common Era
Research Resources | Graphic Organizer Modern History
Pick ONE disease to research, highlight that box in yellow.* Select TWO of the sources provided for you here, then
find at least one more on your own. List all sources you use in your Sources List.

MODERN HISTORY SOURCES PROVIDED FOR ME TO CHOOSE FROM

16th - 20th centuries
Articles Websites

Yellow Fever Human Diseases & Conditions WHO

Combatting Modern Fever CDC

Great Plague of London (Bubonic NYT: Day to Day with Virus History.com
plague, 1665) History Today

Dengue (1780s) Encyclopedia of Med. Background virusnet

Reemergence of Dengue in China CDC

Cholera (1817) Overview & Breakout in London History.com

ResearchGate
Cambridge Core

Japanese encephalitis (1871) Encyclopedia of Med. Introduction NCBI.gov

Science Direct
Journal of Infectious Disease

Russian Flu (1889) What can we learn from the History.com

Russian Flu? NCBI.gov
PNAS

Polio (1894) First recorded U.S. case CDC

The Battle Against Polio History of Vaccines

Spanish Flu (1918) WW1 Letters CDC Complete Story

The Spanish Flu Epidemic Begins

Zika (1952) Consumer Health Review WHO

Gale Video Series CDC

Asian Flu (1957) NCBI.gov

Mortality Rates
BJGP

Ebola (1976) Encyclopedia of Environmental NCBI.gov

Health

HIV/AIDS (1981) UN Report HIV.gov

Greed allows an Epidemic to
Persist
Research Resources | Graphic Organizer Current History
Pick ONE disease to research, highlight that box in yellow.* Select TWO of the sources provided for you here, then
find at least one more on your own. List all sources you use in your Sources List.

CURRENT HISTORY SOURCES PROVIDED FOR ME TO CHOOSE FROM

21st century

Articles Websites

SARS (2003) Deadly Diseases & Epidemics CDC

Back in Time, Economics NCBI.gov
Hopkins Medicine

Swine Flu (2009) World Book Encyclopedia CDC

Encyclopedia of Med. Introduction WHO
Clinical Infectious Diseases

MERS (2012) Encyclopedia of Med. Background CDC

Human Diseases & Conditions ERS
IJID

COVID-19 (2019) Social Impact of COVID WHO

American Racist Responses CDC

Dates given refer to earliest accounts or first major outbreaks recorded.

Research Resources | Graphic Organizer Reflection/Conclusion
Select at least TWO of the sources provided for you here, then find at least one more on your own. List all sources
you use in your Sources List.

REFLECTION/CONCLUSION SOURCES PROVIDED FOR ME TO CHOOSE FROM

Articles Websites

Challenges Divided Vaccination TED Talk: Lessons from 1918 Flu

Measles
Human mindframe
Globalization and Emerging
Diseases

Environmental Factors Climate

Urbanism contributes
Climate

Economic Impact Leprosy NCBI.gov

All Viruses
Successful investors learn ...history

Social Reactions Social Impact

American Racist Responses
No change through history

Medical Response Fighting diseases today TED Talk: Vaccines

Combating Viruses Modern Combat TED Talk: How we'll fight the next
Location Based Info deadly viruses
TED Talk: Change social behavior
NAM Policies
Research Resources | Understanding the Process
You have specific questions you need to answer and you have Graphic Organizers to help you. Track your notes and
sources, see what info you need to look for, and consider how you are looking…

KEYWORDS AND SEARCH TERMS IN DATABASES

SCOPE: You might start with a general/broad search term, [name of a viral disease]. Then consider
specific/narrow terms for info you need, like: [virus] economic impact or [virus] social response, or include a time
period to narrow your focus, like 9th century or a specific country or year of an outbreak.
VARIATIONS: Also consider alternate terms or forms of a word. Truncation is when you take a specific word like
economic, and use the root portions to increase your search; you can type econom* to get results with economy,
economic, economical, etc.. Synonyms and words with similar meaning can increase results; you can use social,
or try cultural, or public views, etc..
SEARCH TIPS FOR WEBSITES
CAUTION: Not all sites are valid and reliable. The author/publisher should be reputable and respected in their field
or area of expertise. Sources should also be unbiased, unless you are specifically representing a specific
viewpoint, and/or countering it with sources portraying alternate views. Be mindful of the currency of your
information (how recent is it?). Old information isn’t necessarily bad, but it could be irrelevant or invalid if your
research is meant to seek current knowledge. Old/outdated information can be useful/preferred when examining a
topic through a historical lens. Know your topic and what type of information you need.
FILTERS: When searching online, you can add site:.gov or site:.edu to your search term(s) to narrow your results
to sites hosted by government agencies or educational institutions, respectively. This will increase the likelihood of
finding reliable sources. Some .org sites are reliable, not all. If there are a LOT of ads or typos/errors, avoid it.
Research Resources | Saving Content

For this project, you are asked to track your use of various research sources by keeping a Sources List, and
using the source number (from the list graphic organizer tool) to indicate what details you pulled from each source.
You will find that multiple sources often do (and should) provide the same, consistent information. You do not need
to indicate all the sources in your list that include a specific fact or detail if many have the same information. If any
source has unique information, it is especially important to indicate your source in your notes.

You can type the title of each article (or a shortened name) into your Sources List, then hyperlink the source. To
add a hyperlink (which is the web address where that source can be found online) look on the database article’s
page to see if it provides a “Perma-link,” “Share Link,” “Record-URL,” or other similar link. If you cannot find an
article link provided, then copy the URL at the top of the page (only if a better link is not provided). “Copy” the link
by highlighting it with your mouse, then either right-click and select “copy” or press CTRL+C. Then highlight the title
or short name you added to your list, click the “insert link” chain icon at the top of the window (or press CTRL+K)
and paste (right-click and select “paste” or press CTRL+V) the URL into the link box.

You can also save articles to your Google Drive if you want to. When you select “Add to Drive” or download a
copy, you will get a PDF copy added into your Google Drive files. Using the “Add to Drive” feature creates a special
folder just for that database and its articles. You can also use the share link from your Drive to provide a link for
your Resources List, if you choose.
Research Resources | Accessing Databases
Access databases within BLEND -OR- by going straight to the MackinVIA app in the PORTAL. There are some tutorial
videos at the bottom of this page to help you navigate various databases.

When you are logged into the AISD Portal on

your browser, you SHOULD be able to
access all the databases without issue.
However, glitches happen. Here are
passwords to get into the databases IF you
need them.

Search for articles on your own using our databases and online encyclopedias. Look in several sources (not just
one or two) and pick the article(s) you feel will best meet your needs.

If you don’t know where to start, try these...

World Book BRIEF DEMO VIDEOS
Britannica Video tutorial: World Book
Explora Video tutorial: Britannica
Today’s Science Video tutorial: Explora
Gale in Context: High School Video tutorial: Facts on File
Gale in Context: Science Video tutorial: Gale
Academic Onefile If you’re interested in NewsBank resources, email your
Look for more suggested databases under librarian for guidance if needed, as these can be tricky,
MackinVIA Groups, in the History & Viruses group. but useful if you have a specific date or event (and its
location) you are researching.
Research Resources | My Sources List
For sources provided for you, just copy+paste the source title into your list. For articles YOU find, type the title (or a
shortened version) of the article or website and hyperlink the page URL. Highlight your sources with Yellow.

# Topic(s) Source Title with Link (Highlight your own sources in Yellow)

1 Viruses https://drive.google.com/file/d/1BSSImhB4k7qr2-HtUGemgO
BDVaKbWFyJ/view

2 Black Plague -https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019/103/#:~:text=M

ost%20cures%20for%20the%20Plague,on%20medicine%2
C%20especially%20in%20Europe.&text=There%20were%2
0also%20improvements%20in,%2C%20public%20health%2
C%20and%20hospitals. (medical response)
-https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Italian_Studies/dweb/p
lague/effects/social.php (society + economy)
-https://voxeu.org/article/pandemics-and-persecution-minoriti
es (prejudice)

3 Ebola https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/index.html
https://gsdrc.org/publications/impact-and-implications-of-the-ebola-crisis/
(impact on society)
https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-echochambers-29714657 (contribution to
prejudice)

4 Covid https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/about-covid-19/basic
s-covid-19.html
https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/coronavirus-resourc
e-center (transmission w/ variants)
https://www.brookings.edu/research/social-and-economic-impact-of-covid-19/
(economy)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10841806.2020.1782128
(contribution to prejudice)

10
 Essay Assignment Overview of Criteria
Essay will be at least 600 words, 1.5 spaced, Times New Roman 14pt. with appropriate citations.
and a bibliography.

Essay should include 5+ paragraphs based on the following information:

1) Background
Viruses (Short history)- What are they, what they do, how they spread
Pandemics/Epidemics (Short history)- What are they, what they do, how they spread
Impact on the world
Social, Economic, Innovation
Challenges of prevention
Vaccinations, Evolving strains, Global cooperation

2) One Virus Case from Old History

Context & Origin
Symptoms & Transmission
Impact on economy & society
Social Response-contribution to prejudice
(racial/ethnic groups, economic classes, geographic regions, nationalities, religious/civic affiliations, sexual orientation)
Medical response-vaccine/eradication

3) One Virus Case from Modern History

Context & Origin
Symptoms & Transmission
Impact on economy & society
Social Response-contribution to prejudice
(racial/ethnic groups, economic classes, geographic regions, nationalities, religious/civic affiliations, sexual orientation)
Medical response-vaccine/eradication

4) One Virus Case from Current History

Context & Origin
Symptoms & Transmission
Impact on economy & society
Social Response-contribution to prejudice
(racial/ethnic groups, economic classes, geographic regions, nationalities, religious/civic affiliations, sexual orientation)
Medical response-vaccine/eradication

5) Reflection/Conclusion
Impact on history
Our responses then & now
Understanding the virus- science or narrative?
Newer challenges- Globalism/Evolving strains/Funding
The future of prevention/containment (science & innovation)

Citations
10-15 Reliable resources, at least 3 from databases (access in MackinVIA)
In-text footnotes
Bibliography of sources used
 Rubric | Scoring and Feedback
There will be four daily grades taken from Check Points “CP” of your progress
Your essay will count for a Major & Final Exam Grade.

Review the following Essay Rubric to maximize your points.

Portion of Exemplary Accomplished Developing Beginning Points Earned

5 4 3-2 1
Essay Covers all parts in Covers most parts Covers some parts Covers few parts
essay criteria with in essay criteria. in essay criteria. in essay criteria .
excellent/clear Good organization Rough No organization &
organization+ & explanation. organization & little explanation.
explanation. Good grasp of the unclear Chaotic
Connects the big idea with use explanation. presentation of big
small details with of small details. Unfocused big idea.
big idea. idea.

BACKGROUND No thesis

CASE: OLD 5
HISTORY

CASE: MODERN 5
HISTORY

CASE: 5
CURRENT
HISTORY

REFLECTION/ 5
CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY, 4
ENDNOTE
CITATION,
SOURCES

FORMAT & 5 TOTAL

FLOW 94
Notes | Graphic Organizer, Paragraph 1
Before you begin, add your source title & link to your Sources List. As you add notes, include the source number next
to your note entries. Add as many notes as you need, it can run off the bottom of the page.
BACKGROUND
Viruses (Short history)- What
they are, what they do, how
they spread
**put into own words →
Pandemics/Epidemics (Short
history)- What are they, what
they do, how they spread
**put into own words →
Social impact on the world
Economic impact on the world
Notes (indicate your source number next to your
notes)
Viruses are tiny parasites that survive and reproduce off
of another living cell. Cells aren’t perceived to be alive.
Viruses are distinguished from free-living microbes, such
as bacteria and fungi, by their small size and relatively
simple structures. Very small viruses such as parvovirus
may have a diameter of only 25 nanometers (nm; 10-9
meters). The replication process is consisted of seven
steps, attachment, penetration, uncoating, replication,
assembly, maturation, and release.
Epidemics are outbursts of an unknown disease that can
either be infectious or non-infectious. The difference
between a pandemic and epidemic is a raise in cases in
a specific location or country, a pandemic is worldwide
Epidemics are concentrated outbursts of infectious or
noninfectious disease, often with unusually high mortality,
that affect large numbers of people within narrow limits of
time and space. They probably emerged eight thousand
to ten thousand years ago, as humans began to
domesticate animals, practice agriculture, and settle into
towns and villages, increasing population density.
Social impacts on the world include the use of masks in
public, social distancing, and doing your part to create a
safer environment.
The arrival in Europe and North America of Asiatic
cholera prompted a
questioning of previous theories and practices of disease
prevention. The
growth of the British Empire, especially in India, improved
communication
and trade and facilitated the spread of cholera from its
base in the Ganges
delta to other parts of Asia and to the Middle East.
Reaching Europe by the
Notes | Graphic Organizer, Paragraph 2
Before you begin, add your source title & link to your Sources List. As you add notes, include the source number next
to your note entries. Add as many notes as you need, it can run off the bottom of the page.
Virus Case from OLD HISTORY
Name of Virus
Context & Origin
Symptoms
Transmission (put into own words)
Impact on Economy
Impact on Society
(change in behavioral norms, viewpoints,
patterns of behavior, etc.)
Social Response - contribution to
prejudice
(racial/ethnic groups, economic classes,
geographic regions, nationalities,
religious/civic affiliations, sexual
orientation)
Medical Response-vaccine/eradication
Notes (indicate your source number next to your notes)
The Black Plague
The disease originated in central Asia and was taken to the Crimea by
Mongol warriors and traders. ... The disease was caused by a bacillus
bacteria and carried by fleas on rodents. It was known as the Black
Death because it could turn the skin and sores black while other
symptoms included fever and joint pains. (put in own words)
-high fever and chills
-pain in the abdomen, arms and legs
-headaches
-large + swollen lymph nodes (buboes) → that develop and leak pus
septicemic plague: includes blackened tissue from gangrene (fingers and
toes) or unusual bleeding. people with pneumonic plague may have
additional trouble breathing and may cough up blood. there may also be
symptoms like nausea or vomiting.
Bubonic plague is transmitted through the bite of an infected flea or
exposure to infected material through a break in the skin.
The impact on the economy was pretty obvious during the midst of it. But
the long-term effects were later realized. The Black Plague took a toll on
labor. (Before the plague erupted, several centuries of population growth
had produced a labour surplus, which was abruptly replaced with a
labour shortage when many serfs and free peasants died) → put in own
words
The society experienced an upheaval to an extent usually only seen in
controlled circumstances such as carnival. Faith in religion decreased
after the plague, both because of the death of so many of the clergy and
because of the failure of prayer to prevent sickness and death. (put into
own words)
However, one of the most well-known effects of the Black Death
was that Jews across Europe were blamed for the disease and
suffered one of the most devastating periods of persecution in
history. On the eve of the Black Death, we estimate that there were
363 cities with Jewish communities across Europe. During the
plague pandemic, half of these communities were either killed or
expelled from their homes. (put into own words)
Most cures for the Plague dealt with balancing body humors, such as
bloodletting. Other cures included gold, rose water, and theriac. Even
though the Plague killed many, it had beneficial effects on medicine,
especially in Europe. ... There were also improvements in medical ethics,
public health, and hospitals. (put into own words)
Notes | Graphic Organizer, Paragraph 3
Before you begin, add your source title & link to your Sources List. As you add notes, include the source number next
to your note entries. Add as many notes as you need, it can run off the bottom of the page.
Virus Case from MODERN HISTORY
Name of Virus
Context & Origin
Symptoms
Transmission
Impact on Economy
Impact on Society
(change in behavioral norms, viewpoints,
patterns of behavior, etc.)
Social Response - contribution to
prejudice
(racial/ethnic groups, economic classes,
geographic regions, nationalities,
religious/civic affiliations, sexual
orientation)
Medical Response-vaccine/eradication
Notes (indicate your source number next to your notes)
Ebola
Ebola virus was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in what is
now the Democratic Republic of Congo. Since then, the virus has been
infecting people from time to time, leading to outbreaks in several African
countries. (put into own words)
Symptoms may appear anywhere from 2 to 21 days after contact with the
virus, with an average of 8 to 10 days. The course of the illness typically
progresses from “dry” symptoms initially (such as fever, aches and pains,
and fatigue), and then progresses to “wet” symptoms (such as diarrhea
and vomiting) as the person becomes sicker. (put into own words)
The virus first spreads to people through direct contact with the blood,
body fluids and tissues of animals. Ebola virus then spreads to other
people through direct contact with body fluids of a person who is sick
with or has died from EVD. This can occur when a person touches these
infected body fluids or objects that are contaminated with them. The virus
then gets into the body through broken skin or mucous membranes in the
eyes, nose, or mouth. (put into own words)
-Economic impact and implications: The economic impact of the Ebola
crisis includes loss of gross domestic output, threat to food security, fall in
employment and livelihoods, and decline in foreign investment.
-According to 2014 projections from the World Bank3, an estimated $2.2
billion was lost in 2015 in the gross domestic product (GDP)4 of the three
countries. (put into own words)
Progress in human development is likely to be reversed due to the
impact of the Ebola crisis on health, education and standard of living.
Quarantines have had a disproportionate impact on the elderly, the poor,
and people with chronic illness or disability. Those affected by Ebola or
working to combat it (such as healthcare workers and burial teams) face
stigmatisation. Social cohesion is also being weakened by ‘do not touch’
policies. Women and children are particularly affected by the crisis.
Almost 2 million children have not been attending school in Sierra Leone
due to school closures, which means loss of education and increased
risks of drop-out, teen pregnancy and child labour. Health systems have
collapsed and non-Ebola related mortality is increasing. (put into own
words)
Robin Wright, a fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center, for
CNN. "The disease is persistently portrayed as West African, or African,
or from countries in a part of the world that is racially black, even though
nothing medically differentiates the vulnerability of any race to Ebola."
(put into own words)
There are currently two treatments* approved by the U.S. Food and Drug
Notes | Graphic Organizer, Paragraph 4
Before you begin, add your source title & link to your Sources List. As you add notes, include the source number next
to your note entries. Add as many notes as you need, it can run off the bottom of the page.
Virus Case in CURRENT HISTORY
Name of Virus
Context & Origin
Symptoms
Transmission
Impact on Economy
Impact on Society
(change in behavioral norms, viewpoints,
patterns of behavior, etc.)
Social Response - contribution to
prejudice
(racial/ethnic groups, economic classes,
geographic regions, nationalities,
religious/civic affiliations, sexual
orientation)
Medical Response-vaccine/eradication
Other information that’s interesting and
you want to include in your Essay
Notes (indicate your source number next to your notes)
COVID-19
COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is a disease caused by a virus
named SARS-CoV-2 and was discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan,
China. It is very contagious and has quickly spread around the world.
(put into own words)
Fever, chills, difficulty breathing, fatigue, body aches, loss of taste or
smell, sore throat, congestion, nausea, diarrhea (put into own words)
Covid spreads quickly from human contact
More than 90 percent of the global economy experienced a contraction in
per capita GDP, the highest share of countries simultaneously contracting
since the Great Depression of 1930-32 (World Bank Global Outlook,
2020). The shock propagated through three key channels: (i) a disruption
of global value chains, (ii)` restrictions to international mobility, which
affected economies and activities differently, depending on their
exposure and preparedness; and (iii) a reduction in cross-country
remittances. (put into own words)
Online school, implementation of quarantines, global shutdown, etc.
The COVID-19 (or SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has created an environment
that is rife for stigmatization. This article considers the rise of
stigmatization and prejudice toward groups (particularly Asian) that has
occurred as attempts to place blame for this phenomena on those
associated as carriers of the virus (put into own words)
There’s 3 vaccines (Moderna, Pfizer, Johnson-Johnson) and booster
vaccines
There are 2 new variants that have arose: the delta and omicron variants
Notes | Graphic Organizer, Paragraph 5
Before you begin, add your source title & link to your Sources List. As you add notes, include the source number next
to your note entries. Add as many notes as you need, it can run off the bottom of the page.

REFLECTION/CONCLUSION Notes (indicate your source number next to your notes)

Impact on History

Our Responses Then & Now

Understanding the Virus- Science or

Narrative?

Newer Challenges- Globalism/Evolving

strains/Funding

The Future of Prevention/Containment

(science & innovation)

Other information that’s interesting and

you want to include in your Essay
Work Cited Guidelines
Once you have completed your research and written your paper, you need to compile and organize citations for all your
sources. For this essay, you will use MLA style citations and create a Works Cited page for your bibliography. Databases
provide citations for you, but you will also be creating some yourself.

Citations have a specific format (or order of information) for organizing details about an article, book, magazine,
scientific report, or any other type of source you might use for research. Formats vary, so pay attention when you
copy+paste from a database to ensure you get the MLA format, not Chicago or APA or others.

From the Purdue Online Writing Lab (owl.purdue.edu):

Basic Style for Citations of Electronic Sources (Including Online Databases)
Here are some common features you should try to find before citing electronic sources in MLA style. Not every web
page will provide all of the following information. However, collect as much of the following information as possible:
● Author and/or editor names (if available); last names first.
● "Article name in quotation marks."
● Title of the website, project, or book in italics.
● Any version numbers available, including editions (ed.), revisions, posting dates, volumes (vol.), or issue numbers (no.).
● Publisher information, including the publisher name and publishing date.
● Take note of any page numbers (p. or pp.) or paragraph numbers (par. or pars.).
● DOI (if available), otherwise a URL (without the https://) or permalink.
● Date you accessed the material (Date Accessed). While not required, saving this information it is highly recommended,
especially when dealing with pages that change frequently or do not have a visible copyright date.

Use the following format:

Author. "Title." Title of container (self contained if book), Other contributors (translators or editors), Version
(edition), Number (vol. and/or no.), Publisher, Publication Date, Location (pages, paragraphs and/or URL, DOI
or permalink). 2nd container’s title, Other contributors, Version, Number, Publisher, Publication date, Location,
Date of Access (if applicable).

Notice the use of punctuation and italics to help distinguish different pieces of information.
You may not know all the info for each source, but include everything you can.

Gathering and Creating Citations Formatting and Organizing Citations

Additional Resources

More Articles from the Databases:

History of Virology
Human viruses
Ancient teeth show that epidemics began much further back in history
Pandemics
History's deadliest pandemics, from ancient Rome to modern America.
…The history of some epic diseases that impacted empires, armies, and the outcomes of wars
Brief history of Virology
CDC Pandemics portal
Measles
London Plague
Zika
Ebola
Spanish Flu 1 Spanish Flu 2
Bubonic Plague
Video: Where do viruses come from?

Calendar View:

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