LTE TDD Planning Consideration

Reference: http://www.ipv6go.net/lte/fdd_vs_tdd.php
Copyright @ MCNS - services www.mcns5g.com
1
 SINR (γ) vs RB rate RRB estimation
Channel model should be defined before any rate estimation is performed
A general curve model with parametric values a0, a1, a2 and a3 to be estimated by:
- drive test non-linear regression or
- Network Layer 2 simulation
a1
RRB

RRB L2 bitrate [kbps]

 SINR [dB]

a0, a1, a2 and a3 are fitted parameters

a0
a2 (values depend on channel model)

a3


Copyright @ MCNS - services www.mcns5g.com

2
 Link Curve Coefficients for UL FDD & TDD, 1x2
Channel model should be defined before any rate estimation is performed
UL Example Parameters
BW=1,4 MHz EPA 5 EVA 70 ETU 300
Max modulation: 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 64QAM

a0 [kbps] 529.2 717.4 528.6 711.2 379.0 394.6

a1 [dB] 35.3 43.4 23.8 28.8 21.5 22.1

a2 [dB] 28.2 33.2 12.5 14.5 12.2 12.4

a3 [kbps] 0 0 0 0 0 0

a4 [kbps] 4 4 2 2 2 2

All other BWs EPA 5 EVA 70 ETU 300

Max modulation: 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 64QAM
a0 [kbps] 519.7 719.2 519.7 718.2 388.3 400.7

a1 [dB] 37.0 45.9 37.4 47.8 32.2 33.0

a2 [dB] 29.7 35.2 27.8 34.5 24.7 25.2

a3 [kbps] 0 0 0 0 0 0

a4 [kbps] 4 4 4 4 4 4

Copyright @ MCNS - services www.mcns5g.com

3
 Link Curve Coefficients for DL FDD & TDD, 2x2 OLSM
DL Example Parameters
The rate is calculated using the following a0 and a3 adjusted with regards to
parameters (valid for OLSM 2x2): control channel configuration:
Channel EPA5 EVA70 ETU300
 nPDCCH nCRS 48  nant 
model
a0  a0,max  1    
a0,max [kbps] 1489.2 1352.6 1080.6
 14 168 140  nRB 
a1 [dB] 56.8 59.4 54
a2 [dB] 41 42.4 38.9  n n 48  nant 
a3  a3,max  1  PDCCH  CRS  
168 140  nRB 
a3,max [kbps] 0 0 0
a4 4 4 4  14

nCRS  number of cell specific reference signals

 (6 for one DL antenna port, 12 for two ports)

nPDCCH  number of allocated symbols for PDCCH

nRB  total number of RBs

k subf , DL  Fraction of used subframes, 0.9 for 1.4MHz, 1 for all other BWs

Copyright @ MCNS - services www.mcns5g.com

4
 DL/UL TDD Cell Throughput
Based on th TDD DL/UL frame configuration scaling down coefficients
have to be selected to compensate the UL silent periods

SS conf 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3:10:1 9:4:1 10:3:1 11:2:1 12:2:1 3:9:2 9:3:2 10:2:2 11:1:2

nsymb,DL 0 9 10 11 12 0 9 10 11

Scale down coefficients for the TDD silent

TTDD , DL  TFDD, DL  (k subf , DL  (k subf , ss  nsymb, DL / 14))
TTDD ,UL  TFDD,UL  k subf ,UL Where:
UL/DL
ksubf,DL is the proportion of
configuration ksubf,DL ksubf,UL ksubf,ss subframes used for DL
ksubf,UL is the proportion of
0 0.2 0.6 0.2
subframes used for UL
1 0.4 0.4 0.2
ksubf,ss is the proportion of
2 0.6 0.2 0.2 subframes used for special
3 0.6 0.3 0.1 subframes
4 0.7 0.2 0.1 nsymb,DL is the number of DL
5 0.8 0.1 0.1 symbols in special subframes
6 0.3 0.5 0.2
Copyright @ MCNS - services www.mcns5g.com
5
 TDD bitrate calculations
In TDD DL, the a0 and a3 parameters have to be adjusted
 nPDCCH (k subf , DL  k subf , ss ) k subf , DL (nCRS  nUERS )  k subf , ss (nCRS , ss  nUERS, ss ) nPBCH  nPSS / SSS  nBF ,loss 
a0  a0,max  1    
 14 ksubf , DL  nsymb, DL k subf , ss 12(14k subf , DL  nsymb, DL k subf , ss ) 120nRB (14k subf , DL  nsymb, DL k subf , ss 

 nPDCCH (k subf , DL  k subf , ss ) k subf , DL (nCRS  nUERS )  k subf , ss (nCRS , ss  nUERS, ss ) nPBCH  nPSS / SSS  nBF ,loss 
a3  a3,max  1    
 14 ksubf , DL  nsymb, DL k subf , ss 12(14k subf , DL  nsymb, DL k subf , ss ) 120nRB (14k subf , DL  nsymb, DL k subf , ss 

 nlim, RB (168  12n pdcch  nCRS  nUERS ) ; TM 7


nBF ,loss  2nlim, RB (168  12nsymb, DL  24(nPDCCH  1)nCRS  nCRS , ss ) ; TM 8

Where:  0 ; otherwise
nCRS is the number of cell specific reference signals per RB
ksubf,UL is the proportion of subframes used for UL
ksubf,ss is the proportion of subframes used for special subframes
nsymb,DL is the number of DL symbols in special subframes
nCRS,ss is the number of cell specific RS in special subframes per RB
nUERS is the number of UE specific RS per RB
nUERS,ss is the number of UE specific RS in special subframes per RB
nPBCH is the amount of resources lost due to PBCH
nPSS/SSS is the amount of resources lost due to sync signals
nlim,RB is the number of RBs not used for PDSCH
Copyright @ MCNS - services www.mcns5g.com
6
 LTE TDD Planning Consideration
With MIMO Configuration

Copyright @ MCNS - services www.mcns5g.com

7
 3GPP LTE DL transmission modes
 Mode 1 (”Single antenna port, port 0”)
 Single layer, no tx diversity

 Mode 2 (”Transmit Diversity”)

 SFBC (space frequency block coding, - Alamouti codes)

 Mode 3 (”Open loop spatial multiplexing”) Cyclic delay diversity

 Tx schemes: Tx diversity and Large Delay CDD (”OLSM”)
Next slide

 Mode 4 (”Closed Loop spatial multiplexing”)

 Tx schemes: Tx diversity and ”CLSM”

 Mode 5 (”Multi User MIMO”)

 Tx schemes: Tx diversity and MU-MIMO

 Mode 6 (”Closed loop spatial multiplexing, single layer”)

 Tx schemes: Tx diversity and ”CLSM”

 Mode 7 (”Single antenna port, port 5”)

 UE specific reference signals for non-codebook based beamforming

Copyright @ MCNS - services www.mcns5g.com

8
 OLSM - Open loop spatial multiplexing
Open loop can be used when the feedback is too old (typically at high speeds).

Then an averaged channel estimation is used over a longer term basis

Go for diversity to achieve robustness!

Open-loop spatial multiplexing mode:

 Transmit in ”all directions” by cycling through a sequence of
four different precoders Wf during the transmission of a single
subframe
 Transmission rank one utilizes transmit diversity

 Targeting scenarios with inaccurate CSI at eNodeB

 Typically high mobility

Copyright @ MCNS - services www.mcns5g.com

9
 OLSM - Open loop spatial multiplexing
Example:
Ericsson Dual Antenna Downlink Performance Package
- 'transmissionMode' parameter is set to 'TRANSMISSION_MODE_3' (*):
 two code words over both antennas to increase the Downlink Throughput at the UE.

This is known as UE reporting Rank Indicator 2 and is based on Rank Indicator (RI) reported
by the UE in the Channel State Indicator (CSI).
Multi-antenna processing

Up to four layers

RE mapping
One or two Up to four
code words Layer
Precoding ”Antenna Ports”
mapping

RE mapping

Remember: no PMI feedback is reported  precoding matrix value for transmit diversity (on 2 or
4 antennas) is a defined formula in the 3GPP standards.
For large-delay CDD, Link Adaptation uses a known delay value with:
- a known precoding matrix value for 2-antenna transmissions and
- a pre-defined subset of up to 4 precoding matrices depending on the number of transmission layers (RI
report) used for 4 antennas.

Copyright @ MCNS - services www.mcns5g.com

10
 Link curve coefficients for DL TDD 2x2 OLSM at cell edge
Example DL Rate estimation coefficients from Drive Test (DT) non-linear regression analysis

BW=1,4 MHz EPA 5 EVA 70 ETU 300

a0,max [kbps] 1229.2 880.5 530.5

a1 [dB] 52.4 55.1 43.9
a2 [dB] 36.5 38.7 32.1
a3,max [kbps] 0 0 0
a4[kbps] 4 4 4

All other BWs EPA 5 EVA 70 ETU 300

a0,max [kbps] 1380.7 1018.1 623.3

a1 [dB] 54.6 53 41.5
a2 [dB] 39.1 38.3 31.2
a3,max [kbps] 0 0 0
a4[kbps] 4 4 4

Copyright @ MCNS - services www.mcns5g.com

11
 Link Curve Coefficients for UL TDD, OLSM 1x2 at cell edge
Example UL Rate estimation coefficients from Drive Test (DT) non-linear regression analysis

BW=1,4 MHz EPA 5 EVA 70 ETU 300a

Max modulation: 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 64QAM
a0 [kbps] 529.2 717.4 528.6 711.2 379.0 394.6
a1 [dB] 35.3 43.4 23.8 28.8 21.5 22.1
a2 [dB] 28.2 33.2 12.5 14.5 12.2 12.4
a3 [kbps] 0 0 0 0 0 0
a4 [kbps] 4 4 2 2 2 2

All other BWs EPA 5 EVA 70 ETU 300

Max modulation: 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 64QAM
a0 [kbps] 519.7 719.2 519.7 718.2 388.3 400.7
a1 [dB] 37.0 45.9 37.4 47.8 32.2 33.0
a2 [dB] 29.7 35.2 27.8 34.5 24.7 25.2
a3 [kbps] 0 0 0 0 0 0
a4 [kbps] 4 4 4 4 4 4

Copyright @ MCNS - services www.mcns5g.com

12
 Correction Coefficient Parameters vs. Antenna Ports
Antenna Configuration nCRS nCRS,ss

Special Subframe Special Subframe Configuration 6

Configuration 5 &7
nant,DL = 1 6 0 4
nant,DL = 2 12 0 8
nant,DL = 4 and nPDCCH = 1 20 0 16
nant,DL = 4 and nPDCCH > 1 16 0 12

Special Subframe nUERS,ss

Configuration
TM7 TM8 All other TMs
5 0 0 0
6 6 12 0
7 9 12 0
Bandwidth [MHz] nlim,RB

5 8
10 9
15,20 12
Copyright @ MCNS - services www.mcns5g.com
13
 TDD Downlink Peak rate – field tests

Copyright @ MCNS - services www.mcns5g.com

14
 TDD Uplink Peak rate – field tests

Copyright @ MCNS - services www.mcns5g.com

15
 LTE TDD eNodeB Sync

Copyright @ MCNS - services www.mcns5g.com

16
 LTE TDD Requires Synchronized eNodeB
Extra reduction coefficients might be needed in case of LTE-TDD unsynchronized neighbor cells

Unsynchronized eNBs cause interference

eNB to eNB and UE to UE interference occurs if there are simultaneous UL and DL
transmissions in different cells.

eNB 1 UL/DL
eNB 1 eNB 2
eNB 2 UL/DL

Recommended tight GPS synchronization

Synchronized eNBs with the same UL-DL configuration
• No cross interference during either UL or DL time slot

eNB 1 UL/DL eNB 1 eNB 2

eNB 2 UL/DL

Copyright @ MCNS - services www.mcns5g.com

17
 Sources
https://www.ericsson.com/en/blog/2020/6/cross-link-interference-tdd-networks

https://www.ericsson.com/en/reports-and-papers/ericsson-technology-review/articles/5g-
synchronization-requirements-and-solution

https://www.qualcomm.com/news/releases/2010/11/qualcomm-and-ericsson-demonstrate-lte-
tdd-mobility-23-ghz-india

https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Regional-
Presence/AsiaPacific/SiteAssets/Pages/Events/2019/ITUPITA2018/ITU-ASP-CoE-Training-on-
/LTE%20planning%20and%20dimensioning.pdf

3GPP TS 36.214

3GPP TS 36.321

3GPP TR 36.922

ECC REPORT 296

THANK YOU

www.mcns5g.com