TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM

controller to control the temperature of an

AIM: To study the performance of PID
Oven.

Apparatus required:
Temperature controller kit
Connecting leads
" Plant (oven)
Power supply
Theory:
industrial control system. The plant
Temperature control is one the most common
is an electric oven, the temperature of which must adjust itself in
to be controlled
This is a thermal system which
accordance with the reference orcommand signal. another. In this experiment
section to
basically involves transfer of heat from one
of heat from the heater coil to the oven and the
we are interested in the transfer
leakage of heat from the oven to the atmosphere.

R
Tref A 1+sCR

CLOSED LOOP TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM

This controlcan be obtained by the use of a controller unit which consists of ON

OFF or relay with two hysteresis setting and combination of proportional,
derivative and integral blocks having independent coefficient settings.
 Controller:
Acontroller is one
which compares controlled values with the desired values and
has afunction tocorrect the
deviation produced.
The important uses of the
controllers are:
1. Controllers improve
steady state accuracy by decreasing the
errors. steady state
2, As the steady state
3. They also help in accuracy improves, the stability also improves.
reducing the
4. Maximum overshoot of theoffsets produced in the system.
system can be controlled using these
controllers.
5. They also help in reducing the
noise signals produced in the system.
6. Slow response of the over damped system can be made faster with the
of these controllers. help

General Control Loop Block Diagram

controller error controller output
et)= (SP-PV) manipulated
signal, CO variable process variable

set point, SP Final Control

Controller Process
Element (FCE)

disturbance, D
measured process variabie
signal, PV

Measurement
Sensor/Transmitter

Types of controllers:
1. Proportional controller (P)
2. Proportional Integral controller (Pl)
3. Proportional Derivative controller (PD)
4. Proportional Integral Derivative controller (PID)
 Proportional Integral Derivative Controller
PID control stands for proportional plus derivative plus integral control. PID
control is a feedback mechanism which is used in control system. This type of
control is also termed as three term control. By controlling the three parameters -
proportional, integral and derivative we can achieve different control actions for
specific work. PID is considered to be the best controller in the control system
family. For PID control the actuating signal consists of proportional error signal
added with derivative and integral of the error signal. Therefore, the actuating
signal for PID control is:
dE(t)
m(t) = KpE(t) + Ki E()dt +Kd dt

Where, Kp, K, and ka proportional gain, integral gain and derivative gain
respectively.
D-Block essentially increases the damping ration of the system and therefore,
improves the dynamic performance by reducing overshoots. Thus, PID controller
helps in reducing the steady state error with an improvement in the transient
response.

PROCEDURE

1. Starting with a cool oven, Keep switch S1 to WAIT, S2 to SET and set the
temperature with reference potentiometer.
2. Connect P, Iand D output to driver input. Keep R output disconnected.
Short FEEDBACK terminals.
3. Select the value of gains Kp, K,and Ka.
4. Switch S to Measure and S1 to run position. Read and record oven
temperature every 15/30 sec., for about 30 minutes.
5. Plot a graph between temperature and time and observe the oscillations.
Observe rise time, steady state error and percentage overshoot.
 VEN

WAIF

FEEDRAON
TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM WENOR
OAN

OBSERVATION TABLE;
Time(sec)
Temperature

PRECAUTIONS:
Do not set the temperature above 85°.
Set the temperature above room
temperature.
" Be careful while handling electrical
equipments.
" After performing the experiment, switch of the power
supply and
disconnect all the lead wires.