aS WHITE Cur HeuneSeerreewies / PW SE BOSH TRAINING MANUAL PIC, B22, L21, San Lor 09178706175, 09178 Basic Occupational Safety and Health Training Manual 01 2 3. 4. eenoge 11, 12, 13. 14, 18, 16. 47. 18, 19. 20. 21 ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction: BOSH Frameworkov----erernnnne ener Module 1: The need for OSHC Module 2- Workplace Risk Assessment: Module 2 - 1A - Workplace Safety Hazard ~ Module 2 18 - Workplace Health Hazard Workshop 1 - Hazard identification ~ Module 2 - 2A Work Environment Measurement Module 2 - 28 - Medical Surveillance Module 2 - 26 - Workplace Risk Assessment Workshop 2- Risk Assessment Module 2 - 3A - Control Measures of Health Hazards Module 2 - 38 - Control Measures of Safety Hazards. Workshop 9 - Development of Control Measures ~~ Module 3 - Accident Causation - Accident Investigation -----e—n——— Module 4 - Integrating Activity (Workshop) Module 5 - Communicating OSH =~s-nenwenerwennemerenrntnennntenane Module 6 - Responses to OSH and Concorn: Module 6 - 1 - Workplace Emergency Preparedness Module 6 - 2- Employses Compensation Program Module 6 - 3 - OSH Legislation Module 6 - 4 - OSH Program Development { Lecture and Workshop) " 7 39 a 101 103 116 195, 137 148 190 156 163, 171BASIC OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (BOSH) Type of Course: Mandatory Course Description: Basic Occupational Safety and Health Training for Safety Officers 2 (S02) Course Objectives Terminal Objective: To provide the participants the basic knowledge and skills on the basic concepts and principles of occupational safety and health (OSH) that will enable safety officers to develop and implement their company’s safety and health program. Specific Objectives Atthe end of the course, participants will be able to; + identity existing & potential safety and health hazards and describe their effects to the human body; + relate the effects of occupational illnesses and accidents to individuals, their families, ‘communities and workplaces; + determine the appropriate control measures for specific hazards; + describe the importance of effective OSH communication (OSH training and meetings); + explain the roles of safety officers in the overall management of OSH program; + identity the components of an OSH program; and + develop a workplace-specific OSH re-entry plan. Course Outline: + Why the need for OSH? * Workplace Risk Assessment + Accident Causation and Investigation + Integrating Activity * Communicating OSH + Responses to OSH Issues and Concerns Methodology: The training is consist of lecture, discussions, training exercises, workshops and presentations. Course Projection:To be a DOLE certified Safety Officer designed to impart knowledge and skills on basic concepts and principles of occupational safety and health to implement their respective company's safety and health program. Duration: The course will be conducted for 5 days completing 40-hour training required by DOLEINTRODUCTION The Increase of industrialization and continuing introduction of technological innovations in the country also increases in the occurrence of occupational hazards in the workplaces. In the implementation of Article 164 of the same code, the training programs was developed to increase the number and competence of personnel in the field of occupational safety and industrial health. Giving the workers the right knowledge and skills is not only a legal duty but also contribute to the success of the workplace or the organization In 1978 Occupational Safety and Health Standard (OSH Standard) was formulated based on Article 162 of the labor code, by appropriate orders, set and enforce mandatory occupational safety and health standards, to eliminate or reduce occupational safety and health hazards in all workplaces and institute new, and update existing, programs to ensure safe and healthful working conditions in all places of employment. This standard is now considered as a landmark in Philippine labor and social legislation Article 162, now Article 168 of the renumbered Labor Code, set and enforced mandatory occupational safety and health standards to eliminate or reduce occupational safety and health hazards in all workplaces. It institutes new and updates existing programs to ensure safe and healthful working conditions in all places of employment. Under Article 170 (164) of the same code, mandated Department of Labor and Employment to develop and implement the training programs to increase the number and competence of personnel in the field of occupational safety and industrial health. The training program was also set to carry out the provision of the Occupational Safety and Health Standard. According to Section 32 of Republic Act No. 11058 or An Act Strengthening Compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Standards and Providing Penalties for Violations requires “Health and Safety Officers 2 (S02)" to complete the prescribed training course of 40 hours on “Basic Occupational Safety and Health (BOSH)" “Construction Occupational Safety and Health Training (COSH)" and 10-hours mandated training for Safety officer 1 (SO1), before the appointment in their respective places of employment. The course on Safety and Health should be delivered by DOLE accredited Safety Training Organization (STO). The training will be conducted for 5 days completing 40-hour training required by DOLE and 2 hours Training of trainers. It consist of lectures and workshops, that includes; Risk Assessment, Risk Matrix, Development of safety Instruction, and development of safety program. At the end of the training Participants will be required to complete the training evaluation and pass the post training examination. Participants who complete 40-hour training and other requirements including the passing of post examination will received a Certificate of Completion with 2 hours training of trainers, that will certity them to be Safety Officers.MODULE | - IMPORTANCE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH Objectives: Upon completion of the module, participants will be able to; Explain the current Philippine OSH situation. Describe the OSH situation in their own workplaces. Enumerate the roles of safety officers in OSH implementation. Identify the risk assessment steps/processes and Define unsafe/unhealthy acts and conditions. QaAONa OSH SITUATIONER Global Situation: Every day, people die as a result of occupational accidents or work-related diseases ~ more than 2.78 million deaths occurring annually across the countries being attributed to work, higher than the 2.33 million deaths estimated in 2014. The biggest share of work-related mortality came from work-related diseases which accounted for 2.4 million (86.3%) of the total estimated deaths. Fatal accidents accounted for the remaining 13.7% Additionally, there are some 374 million non-fatal work-related injuries each year, resulting in more than 4 days of absences from work. The human cost of this daily adversity is vast and the economic burden of poor occupational safety and health practices is estimated at 3.94 per cent of global Gross Domestic Product each year. Itis estimated that more than 7,500 people cie every day; 1,000 from occupational accidents and 6,500 from work-related diseases. The rate of fatal occupational accidents increased slightly. The number of non-fatal occupational accidents was estimated to be 374 million, increasing significantly from 2010 to 2015 data. From the job accidents and illnesses annually take some 2 milion lives and cost the global economy an estimated $1.25 trillion ($1 250,000 million US dollars), (International Labour Office - ILO} The ILO aims to create worldwide awareness of the dimensions and consequences of work- related accidents, injuries and diseases and to place the health and safety of all workers on the international agenda to stimulate and support practical action at all levels. National Situation (Philippines): In the Philippines a total of 38,235 occupational accidents occurred in 2017. These work- related accidents were reported by about 16.3 percent of the total 32,288 establishments employing 20 or more workers in 2017. As a result of workplace accidents, about 46,283 cases of occupational injuries were recorded in 2017. Both cases of occupational accidents and cases of occupational injuries in 2017 were comparatively lower by 14.5 percent and 9.2 percent, respectively from 2015.Among cases of occupational injuries, about 43.9 percent were non-fatal cases with lost workdays while about 1 percent were fatal cases. More than half of all occupational inj (55.1%) were accounted to cases of injuries without lost workdays. By industry, manufacturing accounted for the highest share of occupational injuries at 49.7 percent of the total cases. Far second was wholesale and retail trade; repair of motorcycles at 11.4 percent, followed by administrative and support service activities at 7.2 percent share. Measures of Safety Performance of Occupational Injuries The frequency rate in 2017 was registered at 1.75 percent. Approximately, there were 2 cases of occupational injuries with workdays lost reported per 1,000,000 employee-hours of ‘exposure. The incidence rate in 2017 was posted at 4.27 percent which indicates that there were around 4 cases of occupational injuries with workdays lost per 1,000 workers. The severity rate was recorded at 9.68. This means that about 10 workdays were lost in cases of occupational injuries resulting to temporary incapacity per 1,000,000 employee- hours of exposure. Cases of Occupational Injuries With Workdays Lost by Classification Type of Injury + Superficial injuries and open wounds were the most common type of occupational injuries with more than half or 50.8 percent of the total cases reported. This was followed by dislocations, sprains and strains with 12.0 percent and fractures with 10.7 percent. Part of Body Injured + Wrist and hand was collectively recorded as the most injured part of body accounting for 35.9 percent. Lower extremities and arm and shoulder came next with 18.7 percent and 17.6 percent, respectively. Cause of Injury + The leading cause of work-related injury in establishments was stepping on, striking against or struck by objects, excluding falling objects (36.3%). Other causes of injury include caught in or between objects (21.0%) and falls of persons (10.5%). Agent of Injury + The top three (3) agents of injuries in 2017 were machines and equipment (26.2%); materials and objects (24.4%); and hand tools (18.3%). Major Occupation Group By major occupation group, 30.2 percent of the total 20,797 cases of occupational injuries with workdays lost in 2017 affected piant and machine operators and assemblers. Injuries to service and sales workers; and elementary occupations followed at 19.3 percent and 18.7 percent, respectivelyOccupational Diseases Occurrences of occupational diseases in establishments employing 20 or more workers accounted to 101,851 cases in 2017. This was a decrease of 19.1 percent from 125,973 reported cases in 2015, Topmost work-related diseases suffered by workers was back pains with 31.3 percent. Other most prevalent occupational diseases experienced were essential hypertension (15.5%) and neck-shoulder pains (11.4%). Workers engaged in administrative and support service activities reported the highest share of cases with occupational diseases with 31.8 percent. Followed by manufacturing industry (28.9%) and wholesale and retail trade; repair of motorcycles (9.6%). ROLES OF SAFETY OFFICER Under the Occupational Safety Standard and Implementation of Occupational Safety and Health Program, the Safety Man or Safety Officer shall act as the employers’ principal assistant and consultant in the application of programs to remove the hazards from the workplace and to correct unsafe work practices. For this purpose, the Safety Man has the following duties: 1. Serves as Secretary to the Health and Safety Committee and shall; prepare minutes of meetings; report status of recommendations made; notify members of the meetings; and submit to the employer a report of the activities of the committee, including recommendations made. 2. Acts in an advisory capacity on all matters pertaining to health and safety for the guidance of the employer and the workers 3. Conducts investigation of accidents as member of the Health and Safety Committee and submits his separate report and analysis of accidents to the employer. 4. Coordinates all health and safety training programs for the employees and employer. 5. Conducts health and safety inspection as member of the committee. 6. Maintains or helps in the maintenance of an efficient accident record system and coordinates actions taken by supervisors to eliminate accident causes 7. Provides assistance to government agencies in the conduct of safety and health inspection, accident investigation or any other related programs. 8. For purposes of effectiveness in a workplace where full-time safety man is required, he shall report directly to the employer. Furthermore, in the implementation of OSH program under the section 14 of D. O. 198-18, satety officers shall be employed or designated with the following duties and responsibilities; 1. Oversee the overall management of the OSH program in coordination with the OSH committee; 2. Frequently monitor and inspect any health or satety aspect of the operation being undertaken with the participation of supervisors and workers;3. Assist government inspectors in the conduct of safety and health inspection at any time whenever work is being performed or during the conduct of an accident investigation by providing necessary information and OSH reports as required by the OSH standards; and 4. Issue Work Stoppage Order (WSO) when necessary based on the requirements and procedure provided by the OSH standards. INTRODUCTION TO HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL (HIRAC) The Primary Element of Risk Assessment are; (HIRAC) 1. Identify the HAZARD 2. Analyze the RISK 3. Develop CONTROL Identify the Hazards What is Hazard? Hazard - is anything that has the potential to cause harm The main objective in conducting HIRAC is in the workplace is come up with an effective control measures from the hazards identified for a safe and healthy workplace. A good starting point is to walk around your workplace and think about any hazards that could injure your employees or harm their health. (on the activities, processes, substances) . Identify all the hazard that can found in the workplace. 2. Check manufacturers’ instructions or data sheets for chemicals and equipment as they can be very helpful in explaining the hazards and putting them in their true perspective. 3. Look back at your accident and ill-health records — these often help to identify the less ‘obvious hazards. 4. Take account of non-routine operations (e.g. maintenance, cleaning operations or changes in production cycles). 5. Remember to think about long-term hazards to health (e.g. high levels of noise or ‘exposure to harmful substances). 6. Hazards in working at height, working with chemicals, machinery, and other type of work you do, Risk Assessment Risk Assessment — is a careful examination of what could cause harm to people in the workplace Risk - is the chance of something happening that has the potential to cause harm One of the most important too! in health and safety is to conduct a Risk Assessment.* Having identified the hazards, decide how likely it is that the hazard identified will occur © Hows it likely to happen. + Ifithappen what will be the consequence. - How seriousis the risk. © Byusing the risk matrix, determine the level of risk based on the probability and consequence 1. How can you avoid the risk from the hazard identified. 2. Using the hierarchy of control develop safety measures. 3. Combination of type of controls can be more effective. 4. design safety measures that are reasonably practicable’ to protect people from harm. 5. Use the application of control by doing safety measures from the source to the path and the receiver to make sure that the workers are highly protected from harm 6. prioritize control based on the result of your risk matrix from the risk assessment DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SAFETY AND HEALTH HAZARDS Safety hazard — hazards that causes external harm or injuries due to physicals hazards around the workplaces Health Hazards - Hazards that causes adverse health effect from biological hazards, chemicals and other hazards that leads to infection an Example of Safety Hazards: 1. Hazards due to poor house keeping 2. Fire hazards 3. Electrical hazards 4. Machine hazard 5. Hazards from improper material handling Example of Health Hazards: 1. Physical hazards 2. Chemical hazards 3. Biological hazards 4. Ergonomic hazards UNSAFE/UNHEALTHY ACTS AND CONDITIONS The primary cause of accidents: 1. Unsafe Act 2. Unsafe ConditionUnsafe Act - Performance of a task or other activity that is conducted in a manner that may threaten the health andior safety of workers, like conducting unsafe procedure, operation and actions. Unsafe Act - Performance of a task or other activity that is conducted in a manner that may threaten the health andior safety of workers, like conducting unsafe procedure, operation and actions. ‘Some Example of Unsafe Act and Unsafe Condi Unsate Act; Inadequate physicalmental capability Over confident or Showing off Laziness Past Experience /old way habit Being in a hurry Being Angry Being Uncomfortable Using drugs and alcohol Acceptance of supervisors and co-workers Over confidence Inadequate physical/mental capability Physical/psychological stress Poorlimproper motivation Unsafe condition; Blind comers. Close clearance and congestion hazards Congestion in the workplace. Defective tools/equipmentimaterials Excessive noise. Extremes temperature/ventilation Failure to maintain warning posters Faulty equipment Improperly maintained equipment, tools, or machines Inadequate illumination, Inadequate supports or guards. Lack of consistent inspections of workplace conditions Lack of adequate warning systems (e.g. Fire alarms, etc.) Radiation exposure Poor housekeeping/disorder Live conductors without insulation Poor housekeeping/disorder OthersMODULE 2- WORKPLACE RISK ASSESSMENT 1-A: WORKPLACE SAFETY HAZARD Objective: Upon completion of the module, participants will be able to: Describe hazards from poor housekeeping Explain the causes and extent of fire incidents; Identity causes and effects of machine related accidents; Identity common hazards associated with materials handling; Enumerate common electrical hazards; and Develop control measures against hazards in the workplace before accidents and injuries can occur PaaODS HAZARDS DUE TO POOR HOUSEKEEPING Good housekeeping is not just about cleanliness; it lays the basic foundation for accident and injuries prevention. Poor housekeeping can frequently contribute to accidents by hiding hazards that cause injuries. Itrequires attention to details, such as the layout of the worksite or facility, identification and marking of physical hazards, ensuring the adequate number of storage facilities, and routine maintenance. Here are some of the hazards that may result to accident in the workplace and may cause injury. ‘© Blocked or cluttered aisles and exits Tripping over loose objects on floors, Tripping over stairs and platforms Being stuck from falling objects Slip on greasy floor, + Wet or dirty surfaces © Striking against projecting, © Poorly stacked items or » Misplaced material ‘* Broken containers and damaged materials ‘© Cluttered and poorly arranged work areas, = Dusty, dirty floors and work surfaces ‘+ Improper storage of materials Items that are in excess or no longer needed ‘+ Overcrowded shelves ‘+ Overtlowing waste bins and containers © Spills and leaks+ Tools and equipment left in work areas * Untidy or dangerous storage of materials Those hazards due to poor housekeeping can cause risk on cutting, puncturing, or tearing the skin of hands or other parts of the body on projecting nails, wire or steel strapping. To avoid these hazards, a workplace must “maintain” order throughout a workday. FIRE HAZARDS. Each year fire and the effects of fire cause substantial loss of life and extensive damage to property. Three Sides of Fire Triangle There are three requirements for a fire to start and to continue to bum; these are referred to as the three sides of the fire triangle: 1. Fuel 2. Heat (ignition) 3. Oxygen Fire Tetrahedron + For many years the concept of fire was symbolized by the Triangle of Combustion and represented, fuel, heat, and oxygen. * Further fire research determined that a fourth element, a chemical chain reaction, was a necessary component of fire. + The fire triangle was changed to a fire tetrahedron to reflect this fourth element. * A tetrahedron can be described as a pyramid which is a solid having four plane faces. + Essentially all four elements must be present for fire to occur; Four Fire Tetrahedron 1. Fuel 2. Heat (ignition) 3. Oxygen 4. Chemical reaction ‘Some Example of Fire Hazards Electrical equipment Spontaneous ignition Sparks from machinery or equipment Heat Smoke Flame* Open flames (boilers and furnaces, hot work including welding, soldering, hot cutting and brazing) + Other products of combustion (when PVC burns over 100 different toxic compounds are produced)* + Structural collapse + Machine and equipment Four Means of Fire Spread 1. Direct burning 2. Radiation 3. Conduction 4. Convection Four Products of Combustion When a fue! burns, it undergoes chemical changes and there are four products of combustion; 1. Fire Gases — refers to the vaporized products of combustion 2. Flame — is the visible luminous body of a burning gas, which becomes hotter and less luminous when it is mixed with increased amount of oxygen. 3. Heat - is a form of energy, which is measured in degrees of temperature to signify its intensity. It is responsible for the spread of fire. 4. Smoke — is a visible product in incomplete combustion. ELECTRICAL HAZARDS The hazard arising from electricity are two fold 1. Risk of death or serious injury from contact with electricity, 2. Risk of fire and explosion where electrical discharge could be the source of ignition. Electrical Hazards * Cluttered workplace with tools and materials, + Coming in contact with an electrical voltage + Damage and Inadequate wiring + Substandard switch and outlet * Open power panel + Damaged power tools and equipment * Defective appliances, equipment and tools + Electrical systems that are not double- insulated + Exposed electrical parts + Failure to ground equipment + Lack of maintenance of equipment + Poor grounding and bonding + Faulty electrical+ Ladders that conduct electricity + Electrical items that are not assigned or designed left running over night + Others MACHINE HAZARDS Mechanical hazards are created by the powered operation of apparatus or tools. The applied power may be electrical or human. Three locations where mechanical hazards can exist in tools or apparatus: 1. the point of operation 2. the point of power transmission 3. the area of moving parts The point of operation is whore the action is taking place a drill bit, the sandpaper on a palm sander, or the vibrating tine on a string vibrator. The point of power transmission is where the applied eneray is converted to work: two examples of the point of power transmission are the pulleys and belt on a centripetal force apparatus and the axle on a motor-driven rotator. Moving Parts The area of moving parts involves any actions between the point of operation and the point of power transmission. Some examples of moving parts are; + the gears or pulleys on an apparatus, + the sharp or protruding points or hardware on pulleys, + shaits or arms. Rotating Parts Apparatus or tools that rotate Rotating apparatus or tools can be dangerous because they can catch and twist a student's clothing, hair, or jewelry and can cause serious damage to the student. Even slowly rotating objects can snag some- thing on a the workers and force an arm or hand into a precarious position.A few examples of rotation hazards are + Drill bits * Gears in Wilmshurst machines + Centrituge rotors * Governors for demonstrating centrifugal force + Electric motor shafts + Rotators for spinning discs © wheels * centrifugal forces rotors * Projections (nuts, set screws, nicks, and abrasions) from rotating parts + other machine or equipment Example of Mechanical Hazards + Unguarded moving parts + Sharp corners and parts of machine tools or equipment * Ejected parts of the machinery or equipment + Friction and abrasion - e.g. Use of sander + Moving part of a machine or equipment or plant + Stabbing and puncture - e.g. Nail gun use + Pinhole leak in a hydraulic hose can burst + Inject hydraulic oi! * Crushing + Shearing blade * Cutting machine + Noise Non-mechanical machinery hazards include: 1. Electrical hazards from: Voltage; 2. Thermal hazards from: Temperature; 3. Noise hazards from: Vibration hazards from: 4. Radiation hazards from: Material/substance hazard trom: 5. Ergonomic hazard from: Hazards associated with the environment in which the machine is used from: Range of Mechanical Hazards Some Possible Risk on Mechanical hazards 1. Impact - being hit by ejected parts of the machinery or equipment 2. Friction and abrasion - e.g. use of sander 3. Entrapment - being cauaht in a moving part of a machine or equipment or plant 4. Stabbing and puncture - e.g. nail gun use 5. High pressure fluid injection - a pinhole leak in a hydraulic hose can burst and inject hydraulic cil into a person's hand for example 6. Crushing - collision of plant with a person is one example 7. Shearing - can be two moving parts (sharp or otherwise) moving across one another 8. Cutting - severing of a human body part by a cutting motion e.g. amputation of finger on a cutting machine9. Entanglement - struck by, or becoming entangled in motion in, the machinery with unguarded rotating parts, for example a loose sleeve getting caught in a moving part and drawing the person into the machine 10. Traps — reciprocating and shearing traps, and in-running nips 11. Ejection-of items from machines 12.Contact-with hot surfaces HAZARDS FROM IMPROPER MATERIALS HANDLING Types of Material Handi 1. Manual 2. Mechanical id Manual Handling - is the movement of any loads by physical effort, including; © lifting putting down pushing = pulling * carrying * moving Hazards during Manual Handling * Distance - the distance you are carrying the item * Frequency of lifting and carrying - the number of times you have to pick up or carry an item + Improper carrying - putting it on a shelf above shoulder level and any twisting * Awkward posture - Bending and stretching or other awkward posture you may adopt while doing a task * Weight - carrying loads that are either too large or too heavy + Falling materials that have been improperly stored * Poor layout in carrying and transporting around * Incorrect ties or failure in securing devices. * Uneven and slippery floor, where you are picking it up from or putting it down (picking it up from the floor) © Improper PPE © Others Factors to be considered before doing manual handling: a. Load ~ being moved b. Individual — person moving the load c. Task ~ being undertaken 4d. Environment - working environment @. Others - Work Equipment and PPEMechanical Handling of Materials. Material handling is an operations that take the stress _and physical effort away from individual that include mechanical aid or automated to improve operational efficiency, increase responsiveness, improve consistency and predictability and avoid physical injury. Some Example of Materials Handling Equipment + Sack Trolley + Conveyor system + Dock Equipment & Ramps Drum Handling Equipment + Electric Tugs, Vehicles & AGVs + Pallet Handling + Scissor Lifts & Load Levelling + Hydraulic Lorry Loading Grane + Mobile crane + Pallet truck + wheelbarrow + Others Some Example of Lifting Equipment + Hand-powered hydraulic hoist + Vacuum Lifting Devices + Drum Lifting Overhead + Electric Hoists & Trolleys + Goods Lifting Cages + Intelligent Lift Assist Devices + Load Rotators + Manipulator Arms + Forklift MODULE 2 - WORKPLACE RISK ASSESSMENT 1-8: WORKPLACE HEALTH HAZARD Objective Upon completion of the module, participants will be able to: 1. Explain the principles of Industrial Hygiene; 2, Identity diferent occupational health hazards in their workplace. 3. Learn to deals with hazardous subsiances around the work environment. THE INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE Industrial Hygiene - is the science and art of anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of physical, chemical, biological, and ergonomic hazards or stressors arising in or 7from the workplace, which may cause harm or induce discomfort or adverse health effects to workers or members of the community. (Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene, 1996) Health Hazards - causes adverse health effect from biological hazards, chemicals and other hazards that leads to infection and illnesses Primary Concern of Occupational Hygiene 1. Identification / recognition of health hazards 2. Assessment ot risks 3. Preventing or controlling those risks to tolerable levels. PART I: IDENTIFICATION OF HEALTH HAZARDS Classification of Health Hazards 1. Physical hazard 2, Chemical hazard 3. Biological hazard 4. Ergonomic hazard |. PHYSICAL HAZARD Physical hazard are forms of energy that can harm workers body when exposure takes place. 1. Noise Noise - is defined as unwanted and excessive sound and the most widespread and ‘common occupational hazard. It is an important cause of deafness. - is an unwanted or damaging sound that may damage your hearing and cause other health effects such as stress, hypersensitivity to noise, increased blood pressure and increased heart rate. Types of Noise 1. Continuous noise - is a steady state noise with negligible level fluctuations during the period of observation. 2. Intermittent noise - levels shift significantly during observation. 3. Impact noise - consists of one or more burst of sound energy each lasting less than ‘one second. Source of Various Noise: + Generators + Grinder + Blender + Fans + Vibrating Panels© Turbulent Fluid Flow + Impact Process + Electrical machines + Internal Combustions Operations and equipment that Generates Noise + Cutting torches + Riveting * Welding works + Steel works + Foundries — metal works + Boiler making + Drop forges + Tumbling Barrels + Drilling + Machine tools * Punch press + Ete. Noise can lead to accidents due to; + Limit speech communication + Misunderstanding Oral Instruction + Masking sounds of approaching danger A simple rule of thumb: + Ifyou are unable to speak in a normal tone/volume standing at arm’s length from a workmate, then the noise level in the workplace is too high. ‘> The volume is measured in decibels. * The pitch is measured in hertz (Hz). 2. Excessive ration Vibration — is the rapid movement to and from or oscillating movement, itis transmitted into workers’ hands and arms, fingers and whole body. Vibration, either whole-body vibration or segmental vibration, which occurs when a particular body part is affected by vibrations trom tools or equipment. Example of Equipment that Causes Vibration Construction, mining and quarrying machines and vehicles, * Earthmoving machines such as scrapers, * Bulldozers and building site dumpers; + Tractors and other agricultural and forestry machinery, ‘* Transportation, tedding (turning hay), «Primary cultivation* Mowing. + Smaller rigid-body lorries + Flatbed trucks + Lift trucks Example of hand-held power tools causing vibration * Grinders or road breakers + Powered lawnmowers + Pedestrian controlled floor saws + Pedestal grinders + Forge hammers. + others Hazards of Whole Body Vibration * Poor design of contro's, making it difficult for the driver to operate the machine or vehicle easily or to see properly without twisting or stretching; * Incorrect adjustment by the driver of the seat position and hand and foot controls, so that it is necessary to continually twist, bend, lean and stretch to operate the machine; + Sitting for long periods without being able to change position; + Poor driver posture; Hazards of Hand Arm Vibration * Repeated manual handiing and lifting of loads by the driver; * Excessive exposure to whole-body vibration, particularly to shocks and jolts; * Repeatedly climbing into or jumping down from high cab or one which is difficult to getin and out. + Grinding, sanding and polishing wood and stone; * Cutting stone, metal and wood; + Riveting, caulking and hammering; * Compacting sand, concrete and aggregate; * Drilling and breaking rock, concrete and road surfaces; and * Surface preparation, including de-scaiing and paint removal * Others Inadequate or Poor Lighting + Lighting at work is very important to the health and safety of everyone using the workplace. The quicker and easier itis to see a hazard, the more easily it is avoided. The types of hazard present at work therefore determine the lighting requirements for safe operation. All places where persons work or pass including emergencies, shall be provided with adequate natural lighting or artificial lighting Poorly lighting work environments have health, safety and psychological effects and can result in injury, reduced production and increased stress levels and even causes accident.‘The following terms are used in connection with illumination: lumination — is the measure of the stream of light falling on the work surface. Lumen is the measure of the luminous flux and is defined as the luminous flux from a light ‘source of one candela through a solid angle of 1 steradian. — measures the amount of light (photon output) from light sources weighted by the luminous function, to account for the sensitivity of the human eye. ~_ is the unit of luminous flux used to describe the quantity of light emitted by a source or received by a surface. Lux - is the measure of the illuminance and is defined as the number of lumens per square meter. - measure how bright a light appears. Lux takes into account the spread of light over an area. Brightness — is the subjective response to luminance in the field of view dependent on the adaptation of the eye. Reflectance (often referted to as reflection factor) is the ratio of the luminous flux reflected from a surface to the luminous flux incident upon it. Incandescent lamp —is a lamp where the passage of a current through a filament (usually coiled) raises its temperature to white heat (incandescence), giving cout light. Several Lighting Hazards in the Workplace Dark or obstructed work area Lack of natural light because of dirty or badly placed windows; Energy saving program that may lead to reduced lighting levels; Glare from badly positioned or poorly shaded lights, + Unshaded windows or reflecting surfaces; ‘* Unsuitable decor leading to low lighting levels ‘+ Excessive contrasts or too much glare Poor lighting causing security risks at night Incorrect lighting design ‘+ Improper lighting installation, ‘© Dirty or poorly maintained lighting ‘Improper selection or replacement Fluctuating power Flicker Radiation Lighting or color effects; Importance of Proper Lighting “The Quicker you see a hazard in proper lighting, the easier it you can avoid the risk”Costs of Poor Lighting in the workplace © Time off work as a result of accidents and injuries; * Increased absenteeism; * Reduced staff efficiency and productivity. 4. Extreme Temperature ‘Two Types of Stress a. Heat Stress b. Cold Stress Extreme temperature Heat stress - refers to heat received in excess of that which the body can tolerate without Suffering physiological impairment Outdoor works are especially at risk because they involve more physical offort Workplace at Risk on Heat Stress * Glass manufacturing - furnaces + Laundries - dryers Rubber Manufacturing Plants; * Mines; * Compressed Air Tunnels; * Conventional And Nuclear Power Stations; + Foundries and Smelting Operations; Brick-Firing and Ceramics Plants; Boiler Rooms * Bakeries and Kitchens; * Agricutture, * Construction, * Refuse Collection, * Emergency Repair Work, * Transport, + Tourism and Sports. Workplace at Risk on Cold Stress working in cold stores, food preparation areas open air during winter (cold countries) Cold storage Cold stress Cold stress is an umbrella term that refers to cold-related illnesses that occur when the body can no longer maintain its normal temperature. It occurs by driving down the skin temperature, and eventually the internal body temperature 2Workplace at Risk on Cold Stress + Working in cold stores, + Food preparation areas + Open air during winter (cold countries) + Cold storage Occupational at Risk for Cold stress (In cold countries) * Snow clean-up crews, = Sanitation workers, © Miners * Police and emergency response personnel, * Construction workers Factors Affecting Thermal Exposure 1, Environmental factors + (such as humidity and sources of heat in the workplace) 2. personal factors + (i.e. your clothing) 3. work-related factors or physical factor — generated by internal heat. + (how physically demanding your work is) to influence your ‘thermal comfort’. + Work Basic Factors Affecting Thermal comfort Environmental factors; * Presence of rain * Cold temperatures, + High or cold wind, Dampness Air Temperature Radiant Humidity Sources of heat Ambient temperature Radiant Temperature = Sunlight (outdoor works) © air or Wind velocity Personal factors * Clothing Insulation = Work clothing * Physical demand/Work Rate * Duration of exposure* Working Climate * Age + Medical Health / Individual Tolerance © Metabolic Heat 5. Radiation Radi ion - is the energy or energetic particles that are released by radioactive elements. Radiation is a type of energy that is everywhere anytime. It can be in the form of waves or particles and may come from sources that are either natural or man-made. Radioactivity - is the process by which certain elements release radiation whereas — is the capability to release radiation. Two Forms of Ra a. Ionizing radiation b. Non-ionizing radiation 1. Jonizing radiation - refers to radiation occurring when energy is absorbed by living matter, inducing ionization which may in turn kill or modify living cells. Forms of lonizing Radiation a. Alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons and have a positive charge. They have little power to penetrate the skin and can be stopped using very flimsy material, such as paper. Their main route into the body is by ingestion. Beta particles are high-speed electrons whose power of penetration depends on their ‘speed, but penetration is usually restricted to 2 om of skin and tissue. They can be stopped using aluminum foil. There are normally two routes of entry into the body — inhalation and ingestion. c. Gamma rays, which are similar to X-rays, are electromagnetic radiation and have far greater penetrating power than alpha or beta particles. They are produced from nuclear reactions and can pass through the body. The principal workplaces which could have ionizing radiation present are the * nuclear industry, * medical centers (hospitals and research centers) * educational centers and research. 2. Non-ionizing radiation - has the capacity to change the position of atoms but not to alter their structure, composition, and properties. - does not contain enough energy to smash molecules or doos not have the capability of inducing ionization of living cells.Non-ionizing radiation includes; Ultraviolet, Visible light (this includes lasers which focus or concentrate visible light), Infrared Microwave radiations Ultra-sound exposure Visible light, Cellular phones, Electric blankets Electromagnetic waves from radio or television. vsesea9o9 * As the wavelength is relatively long, the energy present is too low to ionize atoms which make up matter. * The action of non-ionizing radiation is to heat cells rather than change their chemical composition. Ultraviolet radiation (UV) Itraviolet radiation (UV) occurs with sunlight and with electric arc welding. In both cases, the skin and the eyes are at risk from the effect of burning. Problems that become more common with the reduction in the ozone layer (which filters out much ultraviolet light), + The skin will burn (as in sunburn) and repeated exposure can lead to skin cancer. * Skin which is exposed to strong sunlight should be protected either by clothing or sun creams. * This problem has become more common with the reduction in the ozone layer (which filters out much ultraviolet light). + The eyes can be affected by a form of conjunctivitis which feels like grit in the eye, and is called by a variety of names dependent on the activity causing the problem. ‘+ Arc welders callit ‘arc eye’ or ‘welder’s eye’ and skiers ‘snow blindness’. * Cataracts caused by the action of ultraviolet radiation on the eye lens are another possible outcome of exposure. 6. Extreme Pressure * As the pressure decreases, the amount of oxygen available to breathe also decreases. At very high altitudes, atmospheric pressure and available oxygen get so low that people can become sick and even die. Workplace hazard * Working in confined space + Working in river bottoms for the placement of supports for bridges. © Divers - (respiratory problems or congenital heart diseases like atrial septal defect,patent ductus arteriosus etc.), * Aviators — flying high altitude * Deep mining * Thermal processes (use copious amount of oxygen for combustion) * chemical dipping * stripping tank Common hazard * Noxious air * Chemical masking agent » Absence of fan in confine space * Air pressure + No proper ventilation Il. CHEMICAL HAZARD * Chemical refers to chemical elements and compounds, and their mixtures, whether natural or synthetic such as those obtained through production processes. (ILO 1990- No.170) * Chemical hazards and toxic substances pose a wide range of risk to health + Hazardous chemicals are classified according to the type and degree of their intrinsic. health and physical hazards. Types of Chemical Hazards 1. Health hazards of Chemicals Chemicals that causes - irritation, sensitization, and carcinogenicity 2. Physical hazards of Chemicals Chemicals that causes - flammability, corrosion, and explicability Several Forms of Chemical Agent 1. Dust 2. Fibers 3. Gases 4. Vapors 5. Mist 6. Fumes 1. Dusts are solid particles slightly heavier than air but often suspended in it for a period of time. ‘* The size of the particles ranges from about 0.4 mm (fine) to10 mm (coarse).Examples of Fine Dust are; * Cement, © Granulated plastic materials * Silica dust produced from stone or concrete dust. Occupational Exposure to Dust: + Mechanical Process Dust particles that are present in the air are generally formed and created either by mechanical processes. Mechanical action make it airborne and is formed by; ‘© grinding and crushing operations, © movement of crushed materials, ©. air currents passing over settled dust © pulverizing * Construction processes (e.g. concrete laying, demolition or sanding), or © Byspecific tasks (e.g. furnace ash removal). Respirable dust or fine dust - is much more hazardous because it penetrates deep into the lungs and remains there. In rare cases, respirable dust enters the bloodstream cirectly causing damage to other organs. Repeated exposure may lead to permanent lung disease. Any dusts which are capable of entering the nose and mouth during breathing are known as inhalable dust 2. Fibers are a special type of particles that threads or filaments form in which one dimension is at least three times the length of the other dimension. Fibers are threads or filaments that can occur either; a. Naturally (e.g. asbestos) + Asbestos * Cotton b. man-made such as * fiber glass, «nylon and = polyester. * Manmade fibers are commonly used in insulation boards, blankets for the purpose of heat treatment, electrical insulation and in the reinforcement of plastic and cement. Occupational Exposure to Fiber + Demolition of building and establishments (asbestos materials) can disturb or damage asbestos materials and become airborne can be inhaled causing serious health effect to the workers + Manufacture of synthetic fibers using worn rotary cutters where slivers of the fibers are produced and may enter the lung and produce interstitial fibrosis 27+ Working with refractory ceramic fiber (RGF) for insulation, can cause irritation of the skin, eyes and upper respiratory tract, many being fine enough to be inhaled and deposited in the lungs The main concern is that the individual flber are small enough to penetrate deep into the lungs and possibly lead to the development of lung cancer and mesothelioma. 3. Gases are any substances present at a temperature above their boiling point. These are formless fluids that expand to occupy the space or enclosure in which they are confined. Occupational Exposure of Gas + By-product of incompiete combustion (carbon monoxide) + Wastewater treatment plant (hydrogen sulfide & chlorine gas) + Refrigeration & fertilizer plants (ammonia) + Machinery using diesel engine (nitrogen dioxide) Gases are absorbed into the bloodstream where they may be beneficial (oxygen) or harmtul (carbon monoxide). Common gases include; * carbon monoxide, + carbon dioxide, * nitrogen + oxygen. Gases are absorbed into the bloodstream where they may be beneficial (oxygen) or harmtul (carbon monoxide). 4. Vapors - These are the volatile form of substances that are normally in the solid or liquid state at room temperature and pressure. ‘Occupational Exposure of Vapor + degreasing of metals, + printing, + dry-cleaning + Painting + Others + Vapors are usually gaseous in form. Many solvents, such as cleaning fluids, fall into this category, + Vapors, if inhaled, enter the bloodstream and some can cause short-term effects (dizziness) and long-term effects (brain damage) Example: * Solvent vapor,* Benzene, * Toluene, = Xylene © ete. Classification of Organic Solvent Hydrocarbons (toluene), Ketones (methyl ethyi ketone), Esters (ethyl acetate), Ether (ethyl ether), Alcohols (ethyl alcoho!) oP eb 6. Mist - are suspended liquid droplets generated by condensation of liquids from the vapor back to the liquid state or by breaking up a liquid into a dispersed state, such as by splashing, foaming, or atomizing. * Mist are similar to vapors in that they exist at or near their boiling temperature but are closer to the liquid phase. + Mist are very small liquid droplets are suspended in the vapor. * Amist is produced during a spraying process (such as paint spraying). * Many industrially produced mists can be very damaging if inhaled, producing similar effects to vapors. * Itis possible for some mists to enter the body through the skin or by ingestion with food. Occupational Exposure of Mist * Oil mist — during cutting and grinding operation * Acid mist rom electroplating * Acid or alkali mist from pickling operation * Paint spray mist in painting operation * Condensation of water vapor to form a fog or rain. 7. Fumes are formed by a chemical or physical process involving a change of state. * Fume particles are very small, normally in the range of 1 micrometer or less. * Some organic solids may also form fumes by the same processes. + Fumes are most commonly generated by the welding process develop into a collection of very small metallic particles + The particles tend to be within the respirable range (approximately 0.4-1.0 mm) which have condensed from the gaseous state. and can lead to long-term permanent lung damage. » The exact nature of any harm depends on the metals used in the welding process and the duration of the exposure.Typical fumes include; * oxides of zine, * magnesium, * iron, ° lead, and * other metals. Occupational Exposure of Fumes * Generated by the welding process. © Metalizing or molting metals - produce fumes — harmful in certain condition + Arc welding with rod coating volatilizes metal vapor that condenses as the metal or its oxide in the air around the arc. * Welding process of metal painted with lead produce toxic fumes + Arc welding volatilizes metal vapor that condenses as the metal or its oxide in the ai around the are. In addition, the rod coating is partially volatilized. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS * Are any organism that has the ability to multiply and cause infection. * These are living organisms that can cause acute and chronic infections by entering the body either directly or through breaks in the skin. Biological hazards are any micro-organism including 1. bacteria, 2. viruses, 3. Parasites 4. fungi, 5. molds 6. Fungus 7. insects 8. genetically modified, 9. cell cultures 10.Any other carrier of diseases Biological agents are classified into four ‘hazard groups’ according to the following infection criteria: 1. Their ability to cause infection; 2. The severity of the disease that may result; 3. The risk that infection will spread to the community; 4, The availability of vaccines and effective treatment. Route of Entry * Direct contact (hands and fingers) * Inhalation (aerosols) + Ingestion / Digestion * PercutaneousExample of Biological Exposure Poor sanitation and housekeeping, Hospital works Removal of industrial waste and sewage, Poor personal hygiene and sanitation + Sewage work * Disposal of biological waste * Contact with infected person in the workplace + Working in health care facilities hazards + Needlestick injuries ‘+ Improper handling of infectious specimens, + Poor handling of biological spills and other body fluids. * Absence of biosafety label Exposure to mold around the workplace = _ Inappropriate personal protective equipment Poor housekeeping / Cluttered IV. ERGONOMIC HAZARD Ergonomics is the science of designing the job to fit the worker, rather than physically forcing the worker's body to fit the job. Ergonomics is basically a process of adjusting the circumstances and conditions under which a person has to work to make the experience more pleasurable, rewarding and safer. * Ergonomics is concerned with the scientific study of the efficiency of people in their working environment. Hazards Factors + Repetitive movements/motion «Bending, + Over reaching Poor work design Awkward posture + Entanglement * Static posture * Improper lifting + Reaching overhead, Manual handling Lifting heavy items, * Pushing heavy loads = Pulling heavy loads, * OthersThe field of ergonomics embraces a wide range of disciplines, from psychology of how the human body works to anatomy of human being and these include; ‘The Human Body Muscles Blood Circulation Spinal Column Arm Hand And Wrist, Legs And Feet Eyes Ears CPNOG AEN Relevant factors of Ergonomic include + Manual handling as a whole + Nature of the task * Load, + Working environment + Individual capability How are Hazards identified? The Safety Officer has a vital role in classifying their establishments through proper identification of the different health hazards as part of the risk assessment process. Identification of health hazards in the workplace can be done by; ‘* Walk through/ocular inspection * Review of Processes involved ‘* Knowing the raw materials used, products and by-products * Gathering workers’ complaints * Check Safely data sheet GLOBALLY HARMONIZED SYSTEM (GHS) Globally Harmonize System - GHS Globally Harmonize System GHS - means the “Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals”; GHS - It is a single worldwide system for classifying and communicating the hazardous properties of industrial and consumer chemicals. Addresses classification of chemicals by types of hazard and proposes harmonized hazard communication elements, including Labels and Safety Data Sheets. From several studies, thousands of chemicals to which people are exposed shows potential toxicological health effects. Every country has its regulations to follow in identifyinghazardous chemicals that may result in confusion during international trade that put a barrier on importation and exportation process and misunderstanding the description and label from the country of origin. It was been realized during the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 and the Word ‘Summit hold in Johannesburg in 2002, to bring together experts from diffrent countries to create the GHS to harmonize policies classification of danger, description on Safety Data Sheet - SDS, labeling on chemicals at national, regional and worldwide level for the protection of human health and the environment during the handling, transport and use of chemicals. The GHS include the following elements: 1. Harmonized criteria for classifying substances and mixtures according to their health, environmental and physical hazards; 2. Harmonized hazard communication elements, including requirements for labelling and ‘safety data sheets. Pursuant to the provisions of Articles 162 and 165, Book IV, Titles | and Il of Labor Code of the Philippines and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (OSH Standards) and the Joint DTI-DENR-DA -DOF-DOH-DILG-DOLE-DOTC Administrative Order No. 01, Series of 2009, otherwise known as the Adoption and Implementation of the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals, the following Guidelines is hereby promulgated for the compliance and guidance of all concemed in the workplace. This Guidelines shall apply to all workplaces engaged in the manufacture, use, storage of industrial chemicals in the private sector, including their supply chain. The Guidelines aims to protect workers and properties from the hazards of chemicals and to prevent or reduce the incidence of chemically induced accidents, illnesses and injuries and death resulting in the use of chemicals at work. Roles and Responsibilities of Employers 1. Ensure the development, implementation and monitoring of the workplace policy and program on safety in the use of chemicals which shall be disseminated to all concerned; 2. Ensure that all chemicals are properly labeled or marked and accurate Safety Data Sheots are provided in accordance with the provisions of GHS; 3. Provide the necessary control measures including personal prote Refer to Section 6-B; 4. Ensure that workers are provided with the appropriate information, education and training on the safe use of chemicals and GHS; 5. Establish and implement chemical emergency response plan to mitigate accidents like ac- accidental exposure, inadvertent release, and fire or explosion. The plan shall include, where appropriate, the provision of personal protective equipment, fire- ive equipment.fighting equipment, fire alarms, release containment measures and evacuation of the workplace and the locality: 6. Ensure that the Safety Officer is in charge of the overall responsibility for chemical safety in the establishment he/she is working in. This includes specific responsibility to perform regular inspections of the premises (labeling, storing, handling and disposal of chemicals), and provide technical advice regarding chomical safety rulos and procedures. Roles and Respon: s of Employees 1. Comply with the policy and programs on safe use of chemicals, 2. Take all reasonable steps to eliminate or minimize risk to themselves and to others from the use of chemicals at work, 3. Observe proper use of all saieguards and safety devices, and * Report immediately to their supervisor any situation which they believe could be a potential risk. Globally Harmonized System Pictogram Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) is an internationally agreed-upon standard managed by the United Nations that was set up to replace the assortment of hazardous material classification and labelling schemes previously used around the world Oo O® © Flammable if exposed to ignition sources, sparks, heat. Some substances with this symbol may give off flammable gases in contact with water. Avoid ignition sources (sparks, flames, heat) Keep your distance Wear protective clothing Can burn even without air, or can intensify fire in combustible materials. Avoid ignition sources (sparks, flames, heat) Keep your distance Wear protective clothing Contains gas under pressure. Gas released may be very cold. Gas container may explode if heated. Do not heat containers Avoid contact with skin and eyes Corrosive material which may cause skin burns and permanent eye damage. Avoid contact with skin and eyes Do not breathe vapors or sprays Wear protective clothing May corrode metals.Keep away from metals Toxic material which may cause life threatening effects even in small amounts and with short exposure. Do not swallow the material, allow it to come into contact with skin or breathe it May cause serious and prolonged health effects on short or long term exposure. Do not swallow the material, allow it to come into contact with skin or breathe it May cause irritation (redness, rash) or less serious toxicity. Keep away from skin and eyes Avoid release to the environment May damage the ozone layer. Avoid release to the environment Toxic to aquatic organisms and may cause long lasting effects in the environment. Avoid release to the environment OOO Industrial chemicals shall be classified according to the following criteria for GHS. Hazard Classifications: 1. GHS Physical Hazards a. Explosives b. Flammable Gases c. Flammable Aerosols d. Oxidizing Gases e. Gases Under Pressure f. Flammable Liquids 9. Flammable Solids h. Selt-Reactive Substances. Pyrophoric Liquids i. Pyrophoric Solids k. Self-Heating Substances |. Substances Which in Contact with Water Emit Flammable Gases m. Oxidizing Liquids n. Oxidizing Solids 0. Organic Peroxides p. Corrosive to Metal 2. GHS Health Hazards a. Acute Toxicity b. Skin Corrosion c. Skin Irritation 35Eye Effects Sensitization Germ Cell Mutagenicity Carcinogenicity Reproductive Toxicity i, Systemic Target Organ Toxicity: Single Exposure & Repeated Exposure j. Aspiration Toxicity Feree 3. Environmental Hazards a. Hazardous to the Aquatic Environment b. Hazardous to the Ozone Layer GHS LABEL Label — refers to an appropriate group of writien, printed or graphic information elements that are affixed to, printed on, or attached to the immediate container of a hazardous product, or to the outside packaging of a hazardous product Label is a written information providing sufficient information to consumers in the simplest and most easily understandable terms and symbols, based on the likelihood of injury and on the product's hazards and effective approach and readily available to the consumer. Information Required on a GHS Label ea9on > Signal words Hazard statements Precautionary statements and pictograms Product identifier Supplier identification Signal words + Asignal word means a word used to indicate the relative level of severity of hazard and alert the reader to a potential hazard on the label Hazard statements + describes the nature of the hazards of a hazardous product, including, where appropriate, the degree of hazard Precautionary statements and pictograms + describes recommended measures that should be taken to minimize or prevent adverse effects resulting from exposures to a hazardous product, or its improper storage or handling of a hazardous product Product identifier + used on a GHS label and match the product identifier used on the SDS. Include the chemical identity of the substance ‘Supplier Information/identificationExample of GHS Compliant Label: GHS Compliant Label Isopropy! Alcohol DANGER Highy flammable Squid and vapor, Couses serious eye iftation, May eu drowsiness or dlziness PREVENTION Keep away rom heat spark and open lame. No Smoking. Keep container tight cosed. Use xls oat ets equipment, nonspurng tod, epee tonar messes ot ‘avoid breathing vpors. Use only outdeors orn wellvertiated are. Wear eve protection. RESPONSE inhaled: Rerrove person te fresh air and keep comvortable for breathing. Call adoctor if youtee! Win eyes: Rie cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contac lentes present and exey todo. Continue rinsing. eye isitation persist. get medical atention In eae of fre: Use water spray, aleshol resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon doxide for extinction STORAGE ‘Sore locked up, ina cool wel-wenttate place |WCINSS Chemical Company ~ 378 Dover Rd, CT19 10HY, Folkestone, Kent UK HAZARD COMMUNICATION SAFETY DATA SHEETS (ss) The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) requires chemical manufacturers, distributors, or importers to provide Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) (formerly known as Material Safety Data Sheets or MSDSs) to communicate the hazards of hazardous chemical products. Safety Data Sheet (SDS) - is a documents in the safe supply, handling and use of chemicals to ensure that those who use chemicals in the workplace will use it safely and without risk of harm to users or the environment. SDS - is a document that must accompany all chemicals and is supplied by the distributor which provides; + important physical characteristics, * ecological, ° health, * safety and * toxicological information on chemical substances or © mixture ingredients used at the workplace, transported, and utilized by consumer. Purpose of an SDS. SDSs are designed to educate workers on how to prevent exposure and reduce workplace incidents involving chemicals. + SDS should be consulted before working with a material or developing a new process. 37Safety Data Sheet should contain the followin: 1. Identification 2. Hazard(s) identification 3. Composition/information on ingredients 4. First-aid measures 5. Fire-fighting. 6. Accidental release measures 7. Handling and storage 8. Exposure controls/personal protection 9. Physical and chemical. 10.Stability and reactivity 11. Toxicological information MINIMUM INFORMATION OF SAFETY DATA SHEET Identification of the substance or mixture and of the ‘supplier 7. (a) GHS product dentifer; 2. (D) Other means of identitication; 3. (¢) Recommended use of the chamical and restrictions on use; 4. (@) Suppliers details (inctuding name, address, phone number etc.) (e) Emergency phone number. Hazards Identification 1. (@) GHS classfication of the substance/mixture and any national or regional information; (©) GHS labo! slomonte, including precautionary statemonts. (Hazard symbole may be provided as a graphical reproducton of the symbole in black and white or the nama of the symbol e.g ‘flame’, “skull and crossbones") 3. (c) Other hazards which do not result in lassifeation (@.a. “dust explosion hazard") or are not ‘covered by the GHS, Composition’ 3 Informationon ingredients [Substance 1. (@) Chemical identity; 2. (b) Common name, synonyms, etc. 3. (¢) CAS number and other unique identiiers; 4. (@) Impunties and stabilzing adottives which are themselves cassitied and ‘which contribute 10 the classification of the substence. Inbxture [The chemical idenity and concentration or concentration ranges ofall ingradionts lwhich are hazardous within the meaning of the GHS and are present above their cut- otf toves. |NOTE: For information on ingredients, the competent authority ruies for CBI take lprioty over the rutes for product identlication. 4 First-aid measures a) Description of necessary measures, subdivided according to the different routes lo exposure, i.e. inhalation, skin and eye contact and ingestion: |v) Most important symptomsietfects, acute and delayed. {c) Incicetion of immediate medical attenton and special treatment needed, if Inecessary. Fire-tighting measures (a) Suitable (and unsuitable) extinguisting media (0) Specific hazards arising fram the chemical (e.g. nature of any hazardous Icombustion lproducis). (c) Special protective equipment and precautons for freighters.