The Nano World

 The global market leader for tips for scanning probe microscopy and atomic force microscopy.
 Sphere of influence of nanotechnology.

Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM)

 A branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using physical probe that scans the
specimen.
 Founded in 1981, with the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope, an instrument for
imaging surfaces at the atomic level.

Atomic Force Microscopy

 Is type of scanning probe microscopy, with demonstrated resolution on the order of fractions of
a nanometer, more than 1000 times better than the optical diffraction limit. The information is
gathered by “feeling” or “touching” the surface with a mechanical probe.

Origin of Nanoscience

 In 1959, it was discussed by the renowned physicist Richard Feynman in his talk “Theres’s plenty
of room at the bottom, in which he described the possibility of synthesis via direct manipulation
of atoms.
 In 1960, Egyptian engineer Mohamed Atalla and Korean engineer Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs
fabricated the first MOSFET (metal-oxide- semiconductor field- effect transistor)
 In 1962, Atalla and Kahng fabricated a nanolayer-base metal-semiconductor junction (M-S
junction) transistor that used gold (Au) thin films with a thickness of 10 nm.

Origin of Nanotechnology

 The term “nano-technology” was first used by Norio Taniguichi in 1974.

 In 1986, K. Eric Drexler used the term “nanotechnology” in his book Engines of creation: The
coming Era of Nanotechnology, which proposed the idea of a nanoscale “assembler” which
would be able to build a copy of itself and of other items of arbitrary complexity with atomic
control.
 In 1986, Drexler co-founded of THE FORESIGHT INSTITUTE to help increase public awareness and
understanding of nanotechnology concepts and implications. `

Nanoscience and Technology

 Branch of science that studies systems and manipulates matter on atomic, molecular and
supramolecular scales/ultra-small scale (the nanometer scale)

Nanotechnology

 Study of what happens when things get very, very small-only a few atoms in size.
 Refers to the science, engineering and technology conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1
to 100 nanometers.
  Employs the study and application of exceptionally small things in materials science,
engineering, physics, biology and chemistry.
 Nanotechnology is a very diverse field that is having bigger impacts on the world.
- Has applications in medicine, cars, spacecrafts, food, electronics, and materials science just
to name a few.
- Refers broadly to a field of applied science and technology whose unifying theme is the
control of matter on the molecular level in scales smaller than 1 to 100 nanometers, and the
fabrication of devices within that size range.

Nanometer

 A unit of spatial measurement that is 10-9 meter, or one billionth of a meter.

 Commonly used in nanotechnology, the building of extremely small machines.

TYPES OF MICROSCOPES USED IN NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY

Electron microscope

 A microscope that uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination. In 1930,

German engineers Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll built the first electron microscope.

Atomic Force Microscope

 A type of high-resolution scanning probe microscope that has a resolution that you can measure
in fractions of a nanometer. It was pioneered in 1986 by Nobel prize winner Gerd Binning along
with Calvin Quate and Christoph Gerber.
Scanning Tunneling Microscope

 An Instrument for imaging surfaces at the atomic level.Its development in 1981 earned its
inventors, Gerd Binning and Heinrich Rocher (at IBM Zurich), the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986.

Possible Aplications of Nanotechnplogy in the Philippines

 Information and communication technologies and semiconductors

 Health and medicine
 Energy
 Food and agriculture
 Environment

Nanotech Roadmap for the Philippines

 Information and communication technology and semiconductors

 Health and biomedical
 Energy
 Agriculture and food
 Environment
 Health and environmental risk
 Nano-metrology
 Education and public awareness

Advantages and Disadvantages of Nanotechnology

ADVANTAGES

 Offers the potential for new and faster kinds of computers

 More efficient power sources
 Life- saving medical treatments

DISADVANTAGES

 Economic disruption
 Possible threats to security, privacy, health and the environment.

Nanotechnology and Environment

BENEFITS
  Improve detection and removal or contaminants
 Development of benign industrial processes and materials

CONCERNS

 High reactivity and toxicity

 Pervasive distribution in the environment
 No nano-specific EPA regulation

Nanotechnology and Health

BENEFITS

 Improved medicine
 Could save lives by making diagnosis and treatment far more effective

CONCERNS

 Ability to cross cell membranes and translocate in the body

 No FDA approval needed for cosmetics and supplement

Nanotechnology and Economy

BENEFITS

 Better products
 New jobs

CONCERNS

 Redistribution of wealth
 Potential costs of clean-ups and health care
 Accessibility to all income levels
TOP TEN USES AND APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY BY UNESCO
 Energy storage, productions and conversions
 Agricultural productivity enhancement
 Water treatment and remediation
 Disease diagnosis and screening
 Drug delivery system
 Food processing and storage
 Air pollution and remediation
 Construction
 Health monitoring
 Vector and pest detector and control
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